Full text of "80 Microcomputing Magazine May 1983"

Buyer's Guides to Graphics and Printers

May 1983
USA $2.95 (UKjC2 00)

micro

A WAYNE GREEN PUBLICATION

the magazine for TRS-80* users

The Colorful 80

High-Resolution Graphics
For Your Model I/III

0~^~~^~^~^ C!!) O^O a (^ n Oc^\

Also Inside:

Pencil-Plus 2.0
A CoCo Light Pen
Dvorak Meets Scripsit
Profile II Made Easy
The Printer as Paintbrush
The Wonders ot" Symmetry

•TRS 80 IS A TRADEMARK OF RADIO SHACK. A DIVISION OF TANDY CORP. I \\" ^^j{^%^^l^-^

The expanding horizon of office and home use of
new communications and data services tying smart
terminals into networks through telecommunications
links makes the world need a high speed terminal
program.

Busy computers shouldn't have to wait for data simply
because an old fashioned link can't handle today
and tomorrow's telecommunications. Slow terminal
telecommunications can stand the smart operator's
world on its ear

Into today's fast paced world, Micro Systems Software
presents MIcroTerm, the first truly high speed terminal
for this inquisitive world. Some computers can run
at up to 4800 baud null-free (9600 in some direct-
connect applications).

Micro Term enables you to do more in less time, in
both ASCII and the new "error-free" direct file mode.
Its unique Macro-Key function allows you to have
10 user-defined keys that transmit up to 64 characters
at a single stroke. You can even dial a phone number
and transmit the buffer at a specified time com-
pletely unattended by the operator
And while MicroTerm improves your computer's
'ears' by outperforming any other telecommunica-

tions terminal program, its low price wont take a bite
from your bit budget It's only $79.95 retail.

Nbu can't lose with MicroTerm's features, performance,
price, documentation, or support.
It's the only terminal program enabling you to continue
operations in the command mode while receiving
additional data through the RS232 cable. And you
can adjust video width, turn on the printer, open the
buffer and do many other things and then return to
the terminal mode without missing a thing.
Available for the TRS-80 Models I. II, III, 16, IBM PC.
Zenith Z-100, and Apple II computers.
If these advantages are what you want in your world,
communicate with your nearest MicroTerm dealer.
For information contact: Micro Systems Software,
Inc., 4301-18 Oak Circle, Boca Raton, Florida 33431,
Telephone: 1-800-327-8724.

MICRO-SYSTEMS SOFTWARE, INC. ^W^

4301-18 Oak Circle, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, Telephone: 1-800-327-8724. ^/^^ .-38*

1-305-983-3390

The Home Accountant. The ^1 best-seller.

^^^it^fs^

^V*

.^ ^

=<'^

>/i7

At last! Now available for the
TRS-80 Model III.

Any home finance package wi(! balance
your checttxxk But to become the #1 oest ■
sc'ier you've 9a to oe something spectal.

The Horne Accountant' ij.

It's the on»y one that pnms a net worth
statement and a personal finance statement
So you know exactly w^rc you stand
financialty every day ct the year It will even
print your checks. automat»caity.

Not onty that, The Hoo^ Accountant' lets you
label t^ri transaction Just imasne sttng
down to do you taxes and having every
penny you ve spent ^r\c earned neatty listed
by category - arO avalabtc at the touch 0* a
t>uTton It s an incredtoie times*ver.

Vbu car atso create tMr, line and trend
analysis grapns for every category. It s great
fof realistic budgeting

Sound amazing? \X*it, there's more.

Let's say you write a check to pay your
Visa The Home Accountant" autornaticaHy
debits your checking account and aedts
your Visa account

And it docs this with every one of the one
hundred budget categones: credit cards,
checking accounts, money markets, cash, rent
checks, tnsurance payments - you customize
your own finartcial package.

deck out The Home Accountant' soon
^bu'li find it does a kA morz than simpty
marwge your money.

It manages your money stt^.

Continental

Software

A Oi^nion of Amm. UK.

It sells the most, because it does the most!

Conlincritdl Software Co
11M3 South Hindry Avenue
Los Angeles, California 90045
Telephone (213) 417 3003

Ves, Diease serw me The Home Accountant?

I aick36e 171.95 for each package.

Visa, MasterCard, Check or Money Orde r accepted

Visa#.

MasterCard #.
Signature

.Exp Date.

.Exp. Date.

Total amount enclosed S

(California residents add 6% sates tax Postage
wrii be paid by Continental Software)

rterw.

AOdrcss.

Ciry.

State.

^*P.

Mail to Continental Software Co ,11293 South
Hindry Avenue. Los Angeles, CA 900*5
Or. call to«l free. (800)4?l-3930, or. m California,
call coitect(?13) 417 3003

Features

90.

The 80 Goes Color

Color for the Model
James W. Cole

1 10. Color Computer IJght Pen

Tired ol typing on your Color Com-
puter? Build this handy, inexpensive
light pen, run the programs, and en-
joy faster and easier input.
Ray N. Moses

146. Software Buyer's Guide: Graphics
Software

218. The Printer as a Paintbrush— Part 1

Learn to use dot-addressabie

graphics.

Mike Keller

230. Profile II ModiFied

Make this classic program easier
to use.
John B. Ford

104. SymmetricaJ Ciniphi»

Are you intrigued by graphics? This
article deals with the visuai syrrv
metry of rotations in a piane and of
reflections across a iine.
John D. Fowler, Jr.

Articles

Business

140. MiniCalc

n-n Apply matrix logic to business appli-
cations.
John Corbanl

326. Business Graphics

Tell your company's story In graph-
ics. Figures made with these power-
ful, selt-documenting subroutines
speak louder than words.
John Corbanl

Education

320. Billy and the 1-Jectric Troll

Let these creatures teach your child
number patterns.
Victor T- Albino

258. Hardware Buyer's Guide: Printers
278. Hardware Buyer's Guide: Plotters

294. Dvorak Meets Scripsit

^y Who needs QWERTY anyway?
John T. Phillipp

Model n/12/16

133. The Model 12
140. MinlCalc
230. Profile 11 Modified
298. Jet Bomber
324. Monkey Business
372. Take II

254. Color Computer Color Code Combo

One or two people can play this
game where you use your logic to
guess color combinations.
Stephen E. Sutton

■■■■■IIW «ia — W -H»» 11 WWW W m Mpg

SlB*l uL^T^t ^-d •■ >^*Fbcn^^ HH 4r4 Bddll-Hiai tnBtfan« Drrb«*» tub«cri(rf^ pfltst -^ \J H w >» >4F on* r**- knd iM '"• l**™*
WWU-a W >BMM W«»lte.». «u»««limn Of.-1— — ■ ■>"«■• »..—.»«•■ >•. 11U7 r»a. ir.cnA n» «■»« ••(>« •""

•TRS-80. Scripsit, and
TRSDOS are trademarks
of Tandy Corp.

Cover by Chris Demerest

A • 80 Micro. May 1983

298. Jet Bomber

^g Add the screen-scrolling feature of
this game to your own games or
other graphic programs.
Thomas H. Rogers. Jr.

General

324. Monkey Business

For those readers who miss the dar-
ing new products from the zany crew
from Sri Lanka. . .
David Busch

Graphics

198. Rapid Prints

{^J Forget tedious mathematical calcu-
lations. Draw hundreds of figures
and shorten printing time with these
Fortran and Basic programs.
Delmer D. Hinrichs

212. 40K CoUtr Bask

Should you be content with 32K
RAM on your Color Computer when
you could have40K?
Richard E. Esposito. Ralph E.
Ramhoff. Raymond W. Rowe

236. 3-D Printer Graphics

Do you have a dot-matrix printer that
can plot bit-mapped graphics? These
fancy peaks and waves will make it
jump through hoops.
Delmer D. Hinrichs

24tt. \ Turn of (tie Screw Revisited

Here are "A Turn of the Screw"
graphics for the Color Computer.
Can you get the screw to turn?
Lynr} Davis

Home/Hobby

152. Circuit-Board Scanner

Your TRS-80 makes building a kit
even easier.
James Lisowski

290. Mini-Micro Text Editor

r^^ This editor uses less than 200 bytes.
Jasper Kump

Review

133. The Model 12

Tandy refines the Model I! and intro-
duces a strong contender with the
Model 12. This expandable machine
is competition for the Model 16.
Jim Hawkes

282. Double-Good Double- Density

Give your Model I a new lease on life
with this Radio Shack Double-Densi-
ty Disk Kit. You can improve TRS-
DOS and Basic capabilities too.
Carl Oppedahl

Series

306. LISP: Basically Speaking— Pan 111

In this final part of a series on LISP,
you will learn about I/O methods,
temporary variables, saving func-
tion definitions, and more.
Randy Beer

Utilities

125. MX-80 Driver

^y If you've been unable to use your
printer with SuperScripsit. you
should try this program.
Dan Robmson

144. Statements in Common

You can transfer data from one pro-
gram to another. This routine makes
it quick and easy.
Zvi Bar a If

154. Pencil-Plus 2.0

Electric Pencil 2.0 owners can expand
its capabilities to include mix-and-
match font combinations, keyt>oard
input and much more.
Dan Robinson

Departments

8. Remariis

A call for the Shack to make a come-
back.
Wayne Green ,

12. Proof Notes

On being thick and Jake's departure.

14. Input

Computus interruptus. Second child-
hood? 11/16 in Chitown. Custer's Re-
venge. MONEY DOS loss. Users
group Tarheel. CoCo users in Mem-
phis, Remarks on Northeast Com-
puter show rapped.

22. Aid

$50 joystick? Sound fascination.
Wants July 1980 issue. TRSDOS
2.7DD incompatible with Scripsit.

80 Micro, May 1983 • 5

PUBLISMEWEDnOR

Wayne Gre«n

EXECUTrVE VICE PRESIDENT

SMrry Smyiriw^ifeen

ASSISTANT TO PRESIDENT

Malt Smilh

GENERAL MANAGER

Detxa Wein«rt)ee

' ASSISTANT PUBLISHER

Jell DoTray

CORPORATE COMPTROLLER
Hogei Mu(p^y

ASSISTANT TO COMPTROLLER

Do>n>nique Sniiin

CIRCULATION MANAGER

603-9e4-M71

Pal'icia Fe'ianie

BULK & NEWSSTAND SALES MANAGER
Ginnie BomlKeau

ADVERTISING 6ai-924-713fl

Adverliting Managar. David Schissler

Sai«s Penny BrcMa, Mary Hartwell

Ad Coo'dinatoi Betly Bullef

Mew England

Adve'|i«ing Reprssenuiives

John A Garland, FranK Sutace

Ga'larxl Assooales, Inc . Bo> 314 SHS

Duibury, MA 02332 61 7 934«4e4

PRODUCTION

Managet Nancy Salmon

Aaai«lant Mwhaet Murphy

Fiances Benlon. Michael Ford.

Pnil Garaci. Donna Man*«ii

KlmMfly Nadeau Lynn Parsons

Anne RoccrtK). Deborah Slone

Theresa Vecviiie RoOerl M t/itienueuve

Raren Woimaii

Ad CootdlhBtofs Oav Id Wo/ma K

Mary Saavai, AaaiSlanI Paula Rarr&ey

Advertising Pfoducrton Jane Piesron.

Fiona Daviea. Bfuce Medm, ScotI PhiltMicli

PHOTOGRAPHY

Supervisor Thomas V<lleneuve

Ka1h«rir>e CoAec. Sandra Dukelte.

Laurie Jennison Irene Vsii

TYPESETTING

SuperviKK Sa<a Badell. Mane Barker.

Melody Bedell. Micheie DesRochers

Jenn<le<Fav Lyvi Haines. Lirvl a LocKe.

Nancy Newtnan. DebDie Nulling.

Lindy Paimitano. Susan Weller

DESIGN

SuMfvisor: Joyce Pillaiella,

Susar Oonohoe, Daniel Dyer,

Howard Happ. Lauiia MacMillan.

Dion Owens, Oianrte Rilson.

Patrice Scribner. Susan Stevens.

Donna WohHarih

CREATIVE DIRECTOR
Jonathan Gfaves

DeStCN DIRECTOR
Chrisline Oeslremps

The letl bracket. [. replaces t?ie up arrow

used by Radio Shack lo indicate enponen-
tialion on our printouts When entering
programs published in SO Micro, you
should make Ihis change

80 tormais lis program listings to run
64-characiers wide, the way they look on
your video screen This accounts lor the
occasional wrap around you will nonce m
our program hslmgs Don 1 lei it throw
you. parlicularly when entering assembly
listings

Article submissions tiom our readers
are wetcon>ed and er)cour*g«d Inquiries
should be addressed to Submissions
Editor. 60 Pln« Sireei. Peterborough. NH
03458 Include an SASE (or a copy ot our
writers' guidelines Payment tor accepte<l
articles is made al a rale ol approximately
S50 per pnnied page, all rights are pur-
chased. Authors of reviews should coO'
lact the Revtew Edilor. 80 Pine Streei,
Peterborough. NH 03458

26.

Biblio data-base manager wanted.
Plumbing programs needed. User
wants SuperScripsit and NEWDOS
2.0 to tango. LNW-80 patch wanted.
AN-7000 friends needed.

Debuft

Campaign funding irregularities in
"Election." No new tricks if advice of
old dog heeded. CASS-80 mistakes.
Listing mixups. Sound for draw
poker found. ERROR GOTO, Missing
listing. CASS-60 miscues.

The Next Step

Passing values between machine
language and Basic.
Hardin Brothers

38. Cummander 80

What is this thing called Tandy?
Jake Commarxfer

The Color Kt>

More on Homebase program for

CoCo.

Scott Norman

28.

334. News

Model 12 released. CP/M and Xenix
in Tandy fold. Portable Radio Shack
micro rumored. Chances slim for Ap-
ple Bill this year. New movie uses
computers in real time.

357. The (iamer's Cafe

Rodney and his crew arrive in Iowa

City.

Rodney Gambicus

360. Reload 80

An explanation of DOSPLUS.
Art Huston

362. Fun House

Fun generating mazes.
Richard Ramella

Reviews

GRASP. Dot Writer 1.5 Color-Graph.
TRS-80 Pocket Handbook. Mind-
warp math drill program. System Di-
agnostic 2.0. Interface Projects for
the TRS-80. PLAN80 2.5. Gemini 10
and 15 printers. TC-8C High Cas-
sette System. J BUG Monitor. Cyber-
chess Chess improvemenl System.
Super data-base program. Super
Duper.

86. Review Digest

Solo Pool, billiards for your micro.
Doodle Bug game. Max! CRAS.
Polaris. MULTIDOS. Business Mail-
ing List. Wired, a novel by Harry
Hellerstein. The Last One. Versa-
File. CGP-115 printer. The Qume
Sprint. Forth. TRS-80 Graphics for
the Model I and 111. Scriptr. TaxPro.
ZGRAPH 4.0.

88. Calendar

371. Index lo Advertisers

372. Talte II

QuickCalc for the Model II.

380. Feedbacit Loop

Readers' questions answered.
Terry Kepner

392. New Products

Model 16 Xenix. Infoscribe dot-
matrix printers. Boot Error Eliminat-
or. Modula-2 manual. Revolution.
CoCo auto race game. Talk to the
TRS-80. Fanfold checks for busi-
ness. Satellite tracker. Program of
the Month club. MicroSpooler. Su-
preme Rules. The Answer shifts man-
ual modems into automatic. Tally-
master financial manager. Some-
thing for you dance-hall owners.

6 • 80 Micro. May 1963

THE
SWI13CHs

SWITCH T05'^8"D0UBLE DENSITY

IXDmiblei' S/S

FEATURES

• 5- and 8-mch* disk drives

• Single- & double-density

• Any size and density in any mix

• Read Model I, II' and III disks

• 5- or 8-inch* system disk

• Single & double sided disk drives

• DOS+ 3.3.9 included, with Disk
BASIC.

• 6 month warranty

• Up to 3.75 megabytes online

• Easy installation - plug-in & run

• Analog phase lock loop data
separation

• Precision write precompensation

• Regulated power supply

• Guaranteed operation at 4MHz

• All contacts gold plated

• Solder masked & silk screened

• Runs under DOS+ 3.3.9, TRSDOS
2.3, NEWDOS 2.1, NEWDOS/80
1.0, LDOS, NEWDOS/80 2.0.
and ULTRADOS

• Reads 40- and 35-track disks on
80-track drives

• FD1791 controller + your FD1771

• Fits Model I expansion interfaces

• Fits LNW expansion interfaces

• Track configurations to 80-tracks

• 5 inch disk storage increased to:

161,280 b>-tes - 35-track SS/DD
322.560 bytes - 35-track DS/DD
184,320 bytes - 40-track SS/DD
368.640 bytes - 40-track DS/DD
368,640 bytes - 80-track SS/DD
737,280 bytes - 80-track DS/DD

• 8 inch disk storage increased to:

591,360 bytes - 77-track SS/DD
1,182.720 bytes - 77-track DS/DD
SS: single-sided DS: double-sided
SD: single-density DD: double-density

COMPLETE - The LNDoubler 5/8,
switches your Model I or LNW-80
into the most versatile computer you
can own. The LNDoubler's switch
allows you to boot from 5- or 8-inch
system disks, and it's accessible from
outside the interface. The LNDoubler
5/8 comes with a double-density disk
operating system (DOS+ 3.3.9),
complete with BASIC and utility
programs . . . ready to run your
software NOW!

VERSATILE - Whether you want
single-sided, double-stded, single- or
double-density. 5- or 8-inch operation,
complete versatility is here today!
Any combination of 5- and 8-inch disk
storage is possible with the
LNDoubler 5/8. Each of your present
40-track, single-sided 5-inch drives
will store up to 184,320 bytes
(formatted storage) - that's an 80%
increase in storage capacity for only
half the cost of just one disk drive.
With three 8-inch double-density,
double-sided drives your Mode! I will
have 3.75 Megabytes of online storage
- that's more storage than a Model II
or Model III!

ADVANCED - The LNDoubler 5/8
is the most technically advfmced,
tested and reliable double-density

board you can buy. The LNDoubler
5/8 has more features, more options
and more software support than any
other product of its kind.

EASY TO INSTALL - The

LNDoubler 5/8 is easy to install.
There are no traces to cut, no wiring
to do, just a screwdriver and a few
minutes of your time is all that is
required. The instructions are fully
illustrated for alt interfaces. In
minutes you will be 'up-and- running',
and enjojing your computer as never
before.

COMPARE - Compare features,
compare quality, compare value, and
make the SWITCH today!
Immediate delivery from stock - at
your dealer NOW for only
$

219.95

DEALERS - You too can
make The Switch.

JjXTt^RESEARCH CORPORA TION

2620 WALNUT Tustin, CA. 92680 (714)544-5744 (714)641-8850

* 8" drive operation requires special cable. S" diHible-deiuiiy TequirM3.S5MHzCPiJ speed-up mudilicalion or LNW-80 4IVIKzi:umputer. TRS-dO ia a uademark ul Tandy Corporation.

^31

REMAKKS

by Wayne Green

Recent articles in Time and other
general interest magazines have
made it clear that Radio Shack's share
of the market has been dwindling. Time
says they've fallen from a 13 percent to
a 10 percent share. This would indicate
that it is time for some serious reevalua-
tion of the market and marketing by
Radio Shack.

In the past, the Consumer Electronic
Shows (CES) have had a few low-end
computer systems, but nothing really
exciting. This January, the Winter CES
in Las Vegas was mainly a computer
show. Microcomputers were the big
news, while everything else kind of went
downhill.

The battle in the under $200 range is
getting fierce. Texas Instruments came
in with both a $100 model and a $200
model, as did Sanyo. Timex countered
with a new $150 model and dropped
their $100 TS-1000 with a $15 customer
rebate, putting the system in the $54 to
$64 range, depending on discount.

Panasonic was there with their
JR-200, though it was priced at $300 in-
stead of the expected $200. Jupiter
came in with a ZX-81-like system.
Commodore was there pushing their
VIC and a new hand-held unit.

But Radio Shack, despite recently
opening the CoCo to wider distribution,
was not present.

The early Radio Shack edge lay in
their 10,000-store chain. But with
Timex selling through 14,000 outlets,
and Commodore getting up there too.
Radio Shack needs to do some fast think-
ing if they're going to stop their slide.

The fact is that it is past time for
Radio Shack to reduce the chip count
on their CoCo so they can get the price
down below $200 and be competitive.
It's time for them to do a major update
on the Model III. After all, the III is
merely a slightly cleaned up Model I,
built into one cabinet. When Sinclair
got the chip count for the ZX-81 down
to six, a new era in microcomputers
dawned.

By getting further and further behind
in technology, and by refusing to coop-
erate with supporting firms. Radio
Shack has gotten way behind in sales.

The action on the low end at CES was
indicative of the market. This is where

8 • SO Micro, May 1983

Time for a

Radio Shack

comeback

the market is going to grow the most
during the next year. . .and not all for
home use, either. Schools are going to
be buying heavily. And, unless I miss
my guess, we'll see some fast action for
business develop in the second half of
the year, once businessmen realize
what's out there for them. More on that
shortly.

Radio Shack doesn't talk to me these
days, so I don't know how much effort
they are going to put into getting the
CoCo down in price. I've heard some
strong rumors that they are about to up-
date the Model III.

As soon as some networking pro-
grams are written to allow low-end
computers to act as remote terminals
and accessory computers with a larger
host system, the market for business
uses is going to open up with a ven-
geance. Whether businesses are going to
use TI, Sanyo, Commodore, V-Tech,
Jupiter, Timex, or Radio Shack low-

end computers depends on how well
each of these firms keeps up with the
state of the art. This means getting the
chip count down with specially designed
chips. It means improving the character
generator chips. It means putting net-
working into ROMs.

Radio Shack has been moving more
and more of its manufacturing to Asia.
They will probably have to have all of
the low-end equipment made there if
they're going to stay competitive. The
Asian plants I've visited have a com-
bination of the latest in high-speed
automatic assembly lines combined
with relatively low-wage workers. . .an
unbeatable combination. They need
American chip technology, Japanese
circuit design, and Korean manufactur-
ing if they are going to keep ahead.

They also, as I have been a pest
about, need to start cooperating with
supporting small firms so they'll have
the software and accessories that are
needed and that, for all the size of Tan-
dy, are more than they can manage by
themselves.

The Time Study

A recently released Time study of
their readers showed that of those who
have owned a computer for more than a
year, 23.3 percent own Apples, 22.4
percent own TRS-80s, and 2.6 percent
own Ataris. Of those who have owned a
computer for less than a year, the
percentages are quite different, with
21.8 percent Apple, 14.9 percent
TRS-80, and 13.8 percent Atari. This
would indicate a severe loss on the part
of Radio Shack, a slight loss by Apple,
and an enormous gain by Atari. Other
large gainers were IBM, going from 3.4
percent to 8.0 percent, Sinclair, going
from 2.6 percent to 9.2 percent, and
Commodore, going from about zero to
6.9 percent.

On the low end, Radio Shack is still
leading with 24.6 percent, to 19.3 per-
cent by Sinclair and 7.0 percent by
Commodore. Considering that the gen-
eral Radio Shack store is mostly a toy
store, this makes sense. Until some ma-
jor changes are made in the approach to
computer sales by most Radio Shack
stores, I expect that businessmen will be
put off by the adjacent counters of toys

META TECHNOLOGIES

26111 Brush Avenue. Euclid Ohio 44132
FOR ORDERS ONLY CALL 1-800-321-3552

IN OHIO and all other inquiries call (2 16) 289-7500

portkipotiftg^s^

DISNTUl

MODEL III DISK UPGRADE

Features

• Gold Plated Edge Conneclors

• Switching Power Supply

• Supports 5 or 8' Drives

• 40/80 Track Supported

• Smgle'Dual Head Supported

• Metal Disk Drive Brackets

• All Hardware and Cables tor
Two Disk Drives

• 1 Hour or Less tor Installation

• lOCo Compatible

• No Soldering Needed

• 180 Days Warranty on Controller

OISKIT III W/0 Drives $259.00

DISKIT III W/ONE Tandon

100-1 40 Track Drive $459.00

DISKIT III W/TWO Tandon

100-1 40 Track Drive $669.00

DISKIT III W/TWO Tandon

100-2 40/40 Dual Drive .... $869.00

LNW

TRS-80

r:A9 00 Mod. I
^^^ * Expansion

• RS232C serial I/O • Full 32i> 200os RAM

• Parallel pnntet oort • Real lime clock

• Gold-plated • 6 montti warranty
connectors • Heavy steel case

• Floppy disk controller • Thousands ot users

• Works with any DOS 100%

BOOKS

OTHER MYSTERIES

TRS-80 DISK $19 95

Microsoft Basic Decoded $24 95

The Custom TRS-80 $28 95

Basic Faster & Better $29.95

The Custom Apple $28.95

DISK I/O Machine Language S29.95

TRSDOS 2,3 DECODED S24.95

1001 Things To Do With

Your Personal Computer $ 7.95

PARAGON

magnetics'

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Sided. Soft AND Hard Sectored, all with
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Paragon Plain Jane'" (IS.SD) $19,95
Paragon Plain Jane'" (IS.SD)

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Paragon Gold (1S.DD)

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Paragon Gold (2S.DD1 $29.95

Paragon Gold (28. OD)

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8" 1S/DDEN (FD34-8000)

$27-95
$39-95
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/SA/T /r TME YOU
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w/20 Paragon Plain Jane"'Diskettes

1S-SD $38,95

SCOREPAC"

w/20 Paragon Gold Diskettes

1S.DD $46.95

SCOREPAC"

w/20 Paragon Gold Diskettes
2SCC $56.95

SUPPLIES

8 ■ File Box

5%" File Box

for 50 Disks

. $29.95

for 50 Disks

$24.95

8" Plastic Library Case
8" Hub Ring Kit , , , ,

$ 3 95

5V4" Plastic Library Case

S 3.50

$12,95

5'." Hub Ring Kit

$10.95

Refills (50 Hub Rings) ,

S 5-95

Refills {50 Hub Rings) , ,

$ 5 95

MX-80 Ribbons

. S 9.95

5%" HEAD Cleaning Kit

$16.95

MX-100 Ribbons

. $18.95

PRACTICAL PERIPHERALS

MICROBUFFER''' IN-LINE

FOR ALL COMPUTER/PRINTER OR
COMPUTER/MODEM COMBINATIONS

MICROBUFFER/E

MBP-16K Parallel $149.00

MBS-8K Serial $149.00

MICROBUFFER IN-LINE

32K Parallel $ CALL

64K Parallel $ CALL

32K Serial $ CALL

64K Serial S CALL

64K Memory Expansion Modules / $ CALL

MODEL I/Ill SOFTWARE

Electric Webster W/Gorrecting Feature $129.95

Hyphenation Feature $ 49.95

Grammatical Feature $ 39.95

COMPLETE SYSTEM All Four Features $199.00

Apparafs NEWDOS/80 V2 * MTC Que Card"" $129,95

Electric Pencil Version II - Disk Version $ 79,95

Electric Pencil Version II - Tape Version $ 69,95

Introduction to TRS-80 Assembly Programing

Remassem-3 (Tape Version) MOD l/fll $ 74,95

Remassem-3 (Disk Version) MOD I/Ill $ 79.95

Remdisk-I (Disk I/O Techniques) $ 29.95

APPLE Is a 'Bglits'sa Iraoamark

□t Appla CompulsF inc

TRS BO la a IiadamarK o\ Ihe

naoio Sh»« DivUion ol Tsody

Corporation DATALIFE la a

iridamaik ol VERBATIM PLAIN

JANE. PARAGON MAGNETICS

■rs mo«in»fli5 0' MTC.

- IMa by Mat! TaehnolaalH

Cofpofnion

TO ORDER CALL
1-800-321-3552

IN OHIO
AND ALL OTHER INQUIRIES

(216) 289-7500

PRICES IN EFFECT

THRU

MAY 31. 1983

Prices, Specifications,

and Offerings subject to

change without notice

8305

WE ACCEPT
•VISA

• MASTER CHARGE
•CHECKS

• MONEY ORDERS
•C.O.D.

• Add $3.00 for shipping
& handling.

•S2.00 EXTRA for U.S.
Mail delivery.

• $5.00 EXTRA for C.O.Dj

• Ohio residents add 6.5%
sales tax.

REMARKS

and gadgets.

We see this in particular when we
look at the over-Sl.OOO computer sales
and see Apple with 34.6 percent, Radio
Shack with 16.2 percent, Atari 8.5 per-
cent. Heath 6.2 percent, and IBM with
5.4 percent. The new Lisa and Apple lie
could hit Radio Shack hard in this de-
partment, as will increased enthusiasm
over the IBM . . . plus some possible
ixessure from DEC, Wang, and so on.

To get more competitive on the high-
er-end systons, I suggest that Radio
Shack makes sure that from now on ev-
ery piece of equipment they put out be

upward-compatible with current mod-
els. Then I'd suggest testing a more
formal computer selling-area in some
of their stores and see if that over-
comes the reluctance of businessmen to
buy computers from what looks like a
toy store.

Third, I would suggest a series of
video training programs to help their
salesmen cope with computers. They
might even want to try some video pro-
grams to supplant the salesmen and do
the actual demonstrations for them . . .
showing a data base in operation,
spread sheets being used, accounting in

action . . . and so on . . . aimed at the
customer.

On the low end, where the toy store
motif doesn't hurt, it's a matter of get-
ting the chip count down, improving the
system, cutting manufacturing costs,
and cooperating to the fullest with sup-
porting firms providing accessories,
software and instruction on the use of
the computers. It might be worthwhile
to try a TRS-80 Color Computer show
somewhere, complete with all sup-
porters of the system invited to come
and show their products. I think that
could fiy. ■

DISKETTES

maxell verbatim

1004. CimON FREE
SV.SS/00

10QS EflROR FREE
SS/SD

CAPTArNS
SPECIAL

MX- eo

CARTR ID at
MIN. 3

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MEGA-BYTE

Dhf 01 WESTWORLD
«69« S.W 45lh St

FORI LAUD., FLA 33314
305 S87 1130

The Banner Machine©

For the TR&80 I & III with 32K tape or 48K disk

Foi uae on the Epson MX-SO with GraFtru

Uses dot giaphics m^ead oi TRS-80 block graphics

Menu-dnver progiam

Operation similar lo a woid processor

f^kes signs up to 10' tall by any length

10 sizes of leTteis torn Vt'-B' high

Mono or proportional spacing

Automatic cenienng; Right and left lustitying

Makes boiders ol vanalile widih up to Vi'

Order Th« Buutcr Machia* —149.95 from

VlrilHla

Micro

Svilaaii

Virginia Micro Systems
13646 Ief[ Davis Highway
Woodbndge, Virginia 22191

Phone (703) 491-6502

K Ufr\.in nn liCL.TmpLATt,

nMCK. LAULS 1 STEP-BT-STEP
INSTR. OHLT 1 9.9S FOR 5 V
DISK OR S1«.9S FOR B' DISK.

DISK onaANIZEH BOX

A PRECISION CUT HOODEN BOX
WITH SLOTS, HANDLES,
SIZE 6 X 6.5 I 1S.S-. IT
HOLDS 40 - B %- DISKS, t 9.95
AND FOR B' DISKS t1*.95,
SIZE 9 » 9.S » IS. 5".

SPECIALLY OESIGNEO POyER SUPPLY FOR COMPUTER
BOARDS. SUCH AS mi-2 AND OTHERS. BUT ALSO CAN DO
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IT TO CHARGE BATTERIES. BASIC U«|T HAS ♦/- t2V 1
*l- 5V. 'IZV 1 tsy BOTH HAVE
1.5 AW. BASIC UNIT HAS
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FOR 5V, 12V 1 UO. tS9.95.
A SEPARATE ADJUSTABLE POKER
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SEND CHECK OH KME1 ORDER TO:

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ADO %Z FOR POSTAGE 1 HANDLING, COO EXTRA U,

OKLAHOMA RESIDENTS ADD 4 S TAJ .

,^192

IEEE-488 TO TRS-80* INTERFACE
Everything needed to add powertut
BASIC GPIB-488 controller capability
to TRS-SO Model 1 or 3. Level 2 or
DOS with a minimum of 16K.

4M-B0B

for MoHtl 1

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JEL

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4Maoc

for Moti9l 3
Op«r»Uon

Model 488-80B or 488-80C Price; $375

♦ snipping, insurance & la'
WH£N ORDERING SP£Clfy DISK OB TAPE

SCIENTIFIC ENGINEERING
LABORATORIES

11 Neil Drive • Old Betripage. NY 11804
Telephone: (516) 694-3370
'Trademark ol Tanay Core
There Is no atllliauon between Scieniilic
Engineering Laboraiorles and TandY Co'p or
Radio Shack

v'203

10 • ao Micro, May 1983

Scanned by Ira Goldklang - www.trs-80.com

MEMOREX

FLSXIBLS DISCS

WE WILL NOT BE UNDER-
SOLDn Call Free (800)235-4137

for pnccs and inlormation Dealer
inquiries inviled and C O D s
accepted

VISA

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Stock Market and
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Trend Analysis Program

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gripha with linear or k^ acaJes of your

choiee. Creates & maintaina data ulea

you select. Can be uaed with

any numerical data seriea.

Develop and teat your own trading atrategies

by computer before risking money in

the market.

Id basic, for TRS^ Model I or III with
4AK, 2 disk drives A Printer. Supplied on

disk with NYSE Composite Index daily
pricei for 1978^1983. 52-page User's Guide

included. Other data aeU alao available.

$37.50 Postpaid in USA & Canada

Add $2.00 postag;e elsewhere.

(User's Guide only: $12.00)

Harley D. Wilbur

9709 Elrod Road

Kensin^n, Maryland 20895

^359

META TECHNOLOGIES

26111 Brush Avenue. Euclid Ohio 44132

CALL TOLL FREE 1 •800-321 -3552 TO ORDER
IN OHIO, call (216) 289-7500 (COLLECT)

ITM

AN IMPROVED VERSION of

the WINNER of THREE

80 MICRO READERS' CHOICE AWARDS

The NEW AIDS-

by SofT rends, Inc.

1. TRUSTWORTHY. A bad diskette or an undependable machine can ruin your
whole day. The NEW AIDS-lll checks itself. If something's wrong, il tells you, in-
stead of turning on you like a mad dog.

2. GENEROUS The NEW AIDS-lll doesn't use BASIC. But it does use the
memory BASIC uses. And to nnake the most out of that extra memory, it selec-
tively compresses bytes into tiny bits. It all adds up to more usable data records.
Up to 3 times as many.*

3. THOUGHTFUL, The NEW AIDS-lll never treats you harshly. If one keystroke
will do, it won't ask for two. The NEW AIDS-lll remembers things like report for-
mats, search strategies and file names. So you don't have to. It even reminds you,
gently, to save your important data.

4. INTELLIGENT. The NEW AIDS-lll is smart. It doesn't waste your time with
questions about record sizes, field counts and other technical mumble-jumble. A
new system can be created, or an old one modified, in a couple of minutes. Even
if your name isn't Albert Einstein.

5. KIND- The NEW AIDS-lll is always ready to help. It says so, on every screen
display. HINTS'" (Hetp INdexed To Screen) tells you on which page in the NEW
AIDS-lll manual to look for more information. The manual is easy to understand
and easy on the eyes.

6. QUIET, tf you hit the wrong key. you won't hear any annoying buzzes, clicks
or chirps. Instead, FLAWS™ {FLash-Annunciated Warning System) will create a
striking visual effect. But only for an instant. And without affecting any of the
text on the screen. Guaranteed to catch the eye of the fastest touch-typist.

7. ALERT, If the NEW AIDS-lll is left alone, it lets you know it missed you. It wor-
ries about your important data. After several minutes of no activity, the NEW
AIDS-lll creates a striking visual display to get your attention. Touch any key to
let it know you're stili there, and it stops. For a little while, anyway,

8. LEAN- There's no fat in the NEW AIDS-lll. That's because it uses SofTrends'
proprietary PMX^" system architecture. Small, lightning-fast, reliable. Lean?
Yes. fvlean? Definitely not.

9. FAST, Searches and sorts hundreds of records in seconds. Screens are
displayed In the blink of an eye. Disk access rates approach one-thousand char- 1
acters per second. No waiting for "garbage collection". The NEW AIDS-lll lives,
fast. Up to 10 times as fast."

10. REASONABLE At only $79.95, the NEW AIDS-lll is very reasonable. Down-
right inexpensive, if you value your time. Join the thousands of AIDS owners
around the world. Order yours today and put the NEW AIDS-lll data management
system to work for you.

■ As compared to MTC AlDS-lli, Version 1.0

Specify Model I or Model III $79.95

** CALL REGARDING UPGRADE POLICY **

CALCSIV ONLY S20 when purchased with AIDSIII/Version 2.0!
Specify Model I or Model III $39.95

NEW AIDS SUBSYSTEMS

by SofTrends, Inc.

VISAPLEX™

Inlertaces AIDS-lll and VisiCalc", Use AIDS-lll
for data entry, sorting and selection, Ttien load
the data into VisiCalc", perform computa-
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Cfiange thie data back into AIDS-lll formal for
future processing. Remarkably easy to use.
Comprehensive documentation complete with
examples.
Specify Model I or Model III $39.95

ADEPT

This module is ideal forentermg large batches
of data into AIDS-lll, Features include pre-
defined field values, definition and expansion
of abbreviations, transposition of entries,
range checking, entry of data from previous
record, expanded validation and more! Type as
fast as you can , , , no problem! Use witfi
VISAPLEX™(above) to provide a comprehen-
sive data entry facility for VisiCalc'-, Complete
documentation with examples.
Specify Model I or Model III $29.95

If you own Apparat's

NEWDOS/80-Version2.0
you need

BREVI-T™

by SofTrends, Inc.

If you have trouble remembering command for-
mats, want to simplify use of DOS, do a lot of
program development or just want to be more
effective witfi your TRS-BO^-. then BREVI-T is
for you Abbreviations can be defined for botfi
DOS and BASIC, These are automatically ex-
panded as part of the command line pro-
cessor. Optionally, parameters may be defined
as pari of an abbreviation. For example, "F V
might be used to FORI^^ AT drive 1. Change the
1 to a 2 and FORIvlAT drive 2. Its that simple.
Complete with easy-to-follow instructions, ex-
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Specify Model I or Model III S19.95

Let your TRS-80™ Test Itself With

THE FLOPPY DOCTOR &
MEMORY DIAGNOSTICI

by David Stambaugh

A complete clieckup for your MODEL I of I
ryiODEL 111 THE FLOPPY DOCTOR Version 3
completely checks every sector ol single or
double density 35 , A0-. 77 . oi 80 track disk I
drives Tests motor speed, head positioning,
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DIAGNOSTIC checks foi proper write'read,
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SYSTEM DIAGNOSTICS $24.95
ForMODELIll S29.95I

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Ifddema'lis nl IVITC

19BZ by Mela Technologies

Corporation

TO ORDER CALL
1-800-321-3552

IN OHIO
AND ALL OTHER INQUIRIES

(216} 289-7500

PRICES IN EFFECT

THRU

MAY 31, 1983

Prices, Specifications,
and Offerings subject to
change withoui notice

8305

WE ACCEPT
•VISA

• MASTER CHARGE
•CHECKS

• MONEY ORDERS
•C.O.D.

• Add S3.00 for shipping
& handling.

•S2.00 EXTRA for U.S.
Mail delivery.

• $5.00 EXTRA for C.O.D.

• Ohio residents add 6.5%
sales tax.

PROOF NOTES

The editors look at the issues

MANAGING EDITOR
Eric Maloney

SENIOR EDITOR (EDfTORIAL)

Michael E. Nadeau

SENIOR EDITOR (PRODUCTION)

Lynn Hognsvoog

NEWS EDITOR
John P. Mello Jr.

REVIEW EDITOR

Janet Fiderlo

NEW PRODUCTS EDITOR

Eric Grevstad

ASSISTANT EDITORS

Deborah Sargent

Mary E. Ruth

Stephen F. Tomajczyk

Lynne Patncxle

TECHNICAL CONSULTANT

Jake Comnnander

TECHNICAL EDITORS

G. Michael Vose

Art Huston

PRODUCTION EDITOR

Susan Gross

LAYOUT EDITORS

Joan Ahem. Bob Dukette,

Sue Hays, Laura Landy.

Anne Vadeboncoeur

PROOFREADERS

Peter Bjornsen,

Harold Bjornsen,

Vrnoy Laughner, Louis Martni

EDITORIAL ADMINISTRATION

Carole Macioci, Nancy Noyd

Editorial:

Send all ccrrcspondHicc to SO Micro, Pine
St., PrterborouKh. NH 03458.
Subscriptions:

Problems with Subscriptions: Send a
description of the problem and your curreni
and/or most recent address lo: SO Micro,
Subscription Deparlment. P.O. Box 981,
Farmingdale. NY 11737.
Change of Address: Send old label or copy
of old address and new address to: 80
Micro, P.O. Box 981, Farmingdale, NY
11737. Please give eight weeks advance
notice.

Microfilm: This publication is available in
microform from University Microfilms In-
ternational. United States address: 300
North Zeeb Road, Dcpt. P.R., Ann Arbor,
Ml 48106. Foreign address: 18 Bedford
Row, Dcpt. P.R., London. WC1R4EJ,
England.

Dealers: Contact Ginnie Boiidrieau, Bulk
Sales Maruger, 80 Micro, Pine St., Peter
borough, NH 03458. (800) 343-0728.

We like being thick. It means that
we can publish more articles and
columns. But bigness has its problems,
as we and our readers are finding out.

For starters, we can't seem to find a
wrapper that'll hold the thing together
in the mail. The wrapping just bursts
like a milkweed pod. With no wrap-
ping, the magazine has no address label,
and it never reaches its destination.

We've tried gluing the wrapper to the
back of the magazine. Unfortunately,
glues strong enough to hold the wrapper
on also tear the cover apart when the
subscriber tries to take it off.

Our other option is shrink-wrapping.
There's no question that this method
would work, but it's expensive. We'd
have to pass the costs on to you, which
we'd rather not do.

Many of you have complained about
receiving damaged copies. We under-
stand — you want to save your 80
Micros, and don't appreciate torn or
missing covers. Be assured that we're
working on the problem.

Speaking of size, we've had some
complaints that the many ads in the
magazine are crowding out the editorial
material. Au contraire — the more ads
we have, the more editorial pages we
have. Our policy is to run at a ratio of
about 50-50. In other words, 20 more
ad pages means 20 more editorial pages.

Of course, all those pages can make it
hard to find material quickly and easily.
We've tried numerous ways to alleviate
this problem in the table of contents:
more subheads, color -coding the Color
Computer articles, cross-indexing the
Model II articles. In addition, our An-
niversary Issue includes our most com-
prehensive index to date, and we're
looking at ways to make it even more
complete.

And then there is the vast quantity of
editorial matter that must be processed
each month. We operate under the voo-
doo theory (or V theory) of publishing;

The trouble

with

bigness

We gather around a pile of manu-
scripts, say a few chants, and hope that
a magazine materializes. It happens so
fast that much of the material never
touches the ground — it levitates
through the editorial and production
cycles. The result is that we don't run
many of the programs through their
paces as well as we should.

But this, too, is changing. We've in-
creased the size of our technical staff,
and have made quality control our
number I priority. We're determined
that no program will be published
before its time.

Largeness unquestionably breeds a
host of problems. But we think you'll
agree that the advantages far out-
weigh them. And with a little bit of ef-
fort, even those problems will soon
disappear.

With sadness we announce that Jake
Commander will no longer be serving
80 Micro as technical consultant. Jake
has been with 80 since the bcgirming
and, as consultant and submissions
editor, has been a major reason for Sffs
success. Jake will, however, be serving
our sister publication Microcompuling
in a similar capacity.

With Jake's departure, we've decided
to create a submissions committee to
handle incoming articles. This commit-
tee will comprise members of the edito-
rial and technical departments. Future
submissions should be addressed to the
Managing Editor, 80 Micro, 80 Pine
St., Peterborough, NH 03458, and
should be labeled as submissions.
Queries should be sent to the same
address. ■

12 > 80 Micro. May 1983

REAR GUARD

Deadly na*es ol enemy C»nofg calr
alldck you' tieet iram The rear Vdu are
me Molhership 5 5D(e tlfltenaer Vou
nave unlimileO lireODwef bul lite
Cyboig; are ;witl nimCi/e ariacners
Vouf abiMNes are lestetl harO m this
game or iigWenmg tasl action and
iveiy sound from Adventure inter
rarionsi Pnce B

STRIKE FORCE

fts Ifte pfima*7 detertOer ol a world D1
cilies under deadly aiien attack your
weaoonry 15 the latest 'aoid ire
ini55iie5 lor.g range 'ada' anc
incendiary star sfteils Vour lorce
'leld tan aBsorh only a kmiied n^mOer
ol imparts A cempiei qame 0'
strategy sKi I ana lelienCL I'om
Meitjour''e Hoose "'ice

PANIK

■raoced at an enern^ Ouiiding sile
your (ate seems cerlam Vour laser is
emoly and evi' Mzors are citjsing m
You il nave tti i:"mb ladrler; and thmi.
one s;ep anead o' itie vanou'^
monsters A chaliengmg game tor
agile mmas from fantastic Software
wiln voice lOisi- has larger vocaDuJai^i

PiFCB B

SEA DRAGON

Vour submarine the U S S Sea
Dragon oenelrates a mineO enemy
channel Armed wilti missiles and
lorpedos you engage Ihe enemy wnile
navigating uniinown nalets Succeed
or come to a sady end in this game ?9
screens 0' tiori;onialiy scrolling sea-
scrape and sound t'orr AOvenlure
inietnalional Price B >

SAVE

10, 15,

THE

ALPHA

JOYSTICK

ONLY ^39,95

'II you purchase Alpha's
Joystick you get the ex-
quisite pleasure ol enjoy
ing (action games! to the
limtt ol arcadeslfle
realism. "

-SO Microcomputing
80 Reviews. Jan 82

FEEL THE
POWER..

- FfjiLjrf! ■He rip"(iui ai*" JOyii :"

' M3'-i airi ill MODm I or 1)1 iiilems

* LOTOiMjlH *rir, iny DITHi JCCP^5D''B'

1- Sxit ,Du IgynMrJ 'ig-n jlii.te

. Eipenmeni .» 9*^': Jie 4 -■>.?

■ ttoael . Diuq^ ,nia hF^ :r' ^ :

■ Mooei g.uqi .r>lD :a u'<' ' D n .:.

fiBjSI SpBC''. Utat- ■ !• Ill

THE BEST FOR LESS

As you can see. all the best games from the top
producers are joystick compaiible These
games are fun without the joyslick but we hope
thai you are one ot the many thousands who
enjoy the advantage o( rea! joystick action

Now you can deduct up lo ZCo on the pnce ot
games, buy any 2 games deduct IO^d. buy any 3
games deduct 15%. buy any 4 games deduct
20% Irom game prices.

- TOP TEIM —

t SCARFMAN ti:„m»

2 PANIK Rea^irhaBif /a

3 PENETRATOB fl^,^
i ARMORED PATHOL

5 CATERPILLAR oooa

6 CRA2V PAINTFfl u^rg:.

7 DEFENSECOMMAND
3 STELLAR ESCORT f^'
9 ROBOT ATTACK w.in ,

10 SEA DRAGON

Slip*' 'D g'apf

'ouqh
and C •<

ine latest super action game liom Big
Five As tne Federalion s top space

'igtiter you ve Been ctiosflc to escort
what IS possiDly lie most important
snipmem in Federation hisipry 'tie
enemy will send rnany sguad'Ons ol
Ihei' Iiesl ligMers to mleicep: iWilh
sound Disk .ersion tias voices
Price a

ROBOT ATTACK

talks iviinoul a voice 5ynliesi;er
tfi'ougn me tassetle pon With |us' a
hand lase' m a remole space staiion
ynu encounlei armed robots Some
marcti towards you more wait arouna
co'ners CaretuI tie »a"s are
electnlied Zap as many robots as you
dare betore escapmg to a new section
More robots await you Pnce A

LUNAR LANDER

As a vasl panoramic moonscape
scrolls by SBlaci one ot many landing
signts 'he more perilous llie spot Ibe
Tioie points scored 4 you land
sately 'ou control LEM rnain engines
anc iide Ihrusteis One ol rtie bes!
uses ot 'HS-80 qrapnics we have evet
seen From AOvenlure .niernafiona
With sound Price A

SUPER NOVA

Asteroids Hoal .immousiy around the
screen "3u mi,s' Oeslroy ihe
asreioios oeiore they destroy you | (Big
dSletoids oreafc into iiltle ones! Vour
snip Hill respond (o thrust roiate
nypersoace ana lire Walcn oui 'o'
Iha: saucer with the laser' as
reviewed ^n May '98' Byle Magajine

OUTHOUSE

Vou are the mignty protector ot tnis
smal I but imoonanli wooden struc
ture For reasons unknown a Diiane
gang ol miscreants wish ;o vandalise
loot ana otherwise destroy ttie iidie
nait moon house Vour pal'oi ciaH
has lasets and smart eombs lo deal
with this terror From SSU wifh
^ound Price A

GALAXY INVASION LASER DEFENSE

rne sound ot tne klaxon is calling you'
invaders have been spotted warping
!oward Eann vou shill rignt and lett
as you tiiE youi lasers A lew Dieak
tormation and (ly s'raignl al you' Vdu
Slace your linger on ine lire Button
knowing ihar this shot mus! conned'
Wiin souno etiects' Price A

in Ihis game o' IC6U s hign^energy
lasers anc panicle Beams you conlfoi
the U S stralegic delense satellile
system Fiom youi viewpoint hign
above the gloBe ynu mtertepl Soviet
nuclear missiles m flight and allempt
to desl'oy their scattered missne
siios Wiin sound (rom MEG Systems
Price B

CHICKEN

Will the chicken cross tiie roan''
That 5 up Id you Can you guide inese
helpless iitlie cnicks across Ihe
perilous to lane super highway to
safety'' 0' wil' you bumole iilenng
(be blacktop with a slorm of cbicKen
leainers' A humouious yet cnaiiang-
ing game ol nerves trom 5SM wiff
sound Price A

PENETRATOR

Soar swiftly over jaggeo landscape

swooping high and low lo avoid
oOstacies and enemy missiles attacks
Wiih miles ol wild terrain and tunnels
to psnetrale you -e wel armed wilh
Oombs ana multiple forward missile
caDabilify From MelBourne House
Features SountJ frame' mode and
customijinn program Price C

DEFENSE COMMAND BOUNCEOIDS

SCARFMAN ARMORED PATROL CATERPILLAR CRAZY PAINTER

The invaders are oacki Alone you
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canisters Irom ihe repealed allacus ol
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passes your guard snarches a
canisler and Hys siraiqhf off Quick'
you have one lasl cliance to Blast fiimi
from ine skyi Wiln sound and voice
Price A

Huge Boulders careen off tne wans
ynu re m the middle m danger ol
being llatlened Keep your wils abbul
you as you blast fnese bounceoids
[torn me screen I arge ones break intc
many small ones Clear a screen and
enter a fast paced challenge stage
with a cnance lor big bonus points
From rhe Comsoft fi'Oup Price A

This ncredibly popuiar game cra!e
now runs on your TBS-flO' it s eat oi
be ealen Vou run Sciarfman around
the ma;e gobpling up everything m
your path Tryioeafifal De'ofe nasty
monsters Oevopi you cicelient fiigh
speed machine language action game
I'om the Cornsoff Group Wilf souno
Price A

A real.sbc lank baffle simulalion
YOUI view 15 a 3--D pe'speclrve ol an
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tank to locate and destroy enemy
tanks and roBols thai ijy tiidden
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creale the illusion oi movement and
dimension From Adventure Inter
national With sound Price B

An arcade lavonfe' Slop ffiese mulli
sectioned ctawleis Beloie Ibey creep
down through the musnropms ^ap
one and il spirts info two smaller Bugs
each with its own sense ol Qireclion
There are motns and lumbie bugs too
If all adds uo :o lots of lun far kids ano
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ing With sound Price code A

LATEST RELEASES:

FROGGER WEERD

TAPE: $19.95, DISK: $22.95 TAPE OR DISK $19.95
LICENSED BY SEGA FROM BIG FIVE!

WITH ANY ORDER FROM THIS PAGE
STICK ON LCD CLOCK CALENDAR l

FREE!

BLACK COLOR. BATTERY INCLUDED '
LIMITED: ONE PER CUSTOMER

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stray dogs snakes sloshing buckets
ol turpentine even a ravenous painl
ealer A cia^y imaginative new
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'or new 0' seasoned game players
Lot s ot laughs Price A

GAME PRICES

4. TAPE JJ5.95 D/SK:SI9.95
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€■ TAPE JZiJ.95 D(SK-J2J.9S

TAPE: Model l&lll. 16K Lerel 2
DISK MoOel lilll, 32K, T Distt
All games are lOysUct compel-
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keys

ALPHA

79-04 Jamaica Ave.. Woodhaven. NY 11421

Toll Free Order Line
' 800'221'09W

OiOers Only, hYilnIo cell 12121 196 5916. Hours: 9 5 f.S. '

A^a S2.00 par order tor shipping/handling.
We accapl Vise. Maslercerd, Checks. M.O.
C.O.D. Add S3.00 eilie. I^^BI

^^.y. Rasrdsnls edd sales lai, i^^i

OversBes. FPO, APO: Add 10'/, |>^g

Dealer discounts arallable.

INPUT

Interrupted Article

In reference to Douglas Fisher's arti-
cle "Interrupt Your 80" (80 Micro,
January 1983, p. 258), I should point
out that it is possible to use at least one
interrupt mode on the Level II 16K ma-
chine without making hardware
changes.

Both mode zero and mode 1 inter-
rupts do return to Basic. However, the
mode 1 returns the program counter to
0038H, and at this location there is a JP
4012H. This latter address is in RAM,
and a user routine can place a further
jump to an interrupt subroutine here.

Program Listing 1 is a combined
Basic/machine-language program that
can be used as a real-time clock in the
LII machine (keyboard only). It's possi-
ble to use mode zero in a similar man-
ner, since the restarts are ultimately vec-
tored into RAM.

The mode 1 interrupt can be imple-
mented with only a simple self-powered
interface and one additional chip: a
74LS74 flip-flop. The interrupt request
pulse causes pin 6 to go low (active
state). The CPU immediately responds
with INTAK (active low), which clears
the FF and makes it ready for the next
interrupt signal.

The system can interrupt the CPU for
any asynchronous type of task. The

Please do not submit any letters
longer than 300 words for the Input,
Aid, and Debug columns. 80 Micro
reserves the right to edit any letters
submitted. Address all letters to the
appropriate column, 80 Pine St.,
Peterborough. NH 03458.— Eds.

10-HZ pulse can be obtained from a
60-HZ line frequency that has been con-
ditioned and divided down, or from a
crystal module available at many elec-
tronic supply houses.

William H. Emerson

115 Westgate Road

Wellesley. MA 02181

Who, Us?

If your flinty heart has an ounce of
compassion remaining, you will public-

10 REM REAL TIME CLOCK PROGRAM 12/22/80 - 12/12/821

20 REM BY BILL EMERSON

25 FOR LII 16K KEYBOARD

30 DATA 245, 229, 33, 0,126, 52, 62, 10>190'32, 26, 54, 0,35,52

40 DATA 62,60,190,32,17,54,0,35,52,190,32,10,54,0,35,52

50 DATA 62,24,190,32,2,54,0,225,241,251,201,237,86,251,201

60 FOR I = TO 45

70 HEAD D : POKE 32000 + I, D

80 NEXT I

90 INPUT "SET HOURS"; H

100 INPUT 'SET MINUTES"; M

110 INPUT "SET SECONDS"; S

120 POKE 32259, H

130 POKE 3225B, M

140 POKE 32257, S

150 POKE 32256,0

160 PRINT

170 POKE 16402, 195:POKE 16403,0 iPOKEl64«4 ,125

180 'SERVICE ROUTINE.

190 POKE 16526, 42;POKE 16527,125 ' USR CALL

200 A > USR(0]

210 CLS

220 PRINTg 95, "HOURS , MINUTES , SECONDS"

230 PRINT g 160, PEEK(32259] 'HOURS

240 PRINT e 167, PEEK(32258) 'MINUTES

250 PRINT % 175, PEEK{32257) 'SECONDS

260 GOTO 230

270 PRINT

280 END

Program Listing I

'CALL INTERRUPT

ly admit to overt sadistic tendencies.
For two years, the impenetrable myster-
ies of the Model III have driven me to
near dementia.

1 subscribed to so many computer
magazines that for months 1 had
no time to go anywhere near my com-
puter. I have attended classes, and
joined both a computer society and a
TRS-80 user's group. The Clubmen talk
in a strange argot, seem endlessly con-
cerned to put program segments in odd
places like "Top RAM," and crusade
for the latest DOS.

I've taken it as Holy Writ that here
and there in the world there are types
who used floppies as teething rings, and
whose first spoken words were in As-
sembly language.

Now you rub my nose in it by proving
beyond any shadow of a doubt that the
average 8-year-old knows more than I
ever will (Young Programmer's Con-
test, 80 Micro, February 1983, p. 84).

Francis F. Heaton

Darcom Software

3277 Berger Ave.

San Diego. CA 92123

Maybe you 'II have a second
childhood. — Eds.

The 11/16 in Chicago

The first Chicago-area Model 11/16
user's group has been formed. We are
known as T-BUG, Tandy Business
User's Group.

Membership is restricted to Model II
and Model 16 users who are interested
in business applications. We meet on
the second Thursday of each month for
dinner at Hans Bavarian Lodge.

Further information is available by
contacting me at 312-362-0016 or writ-
ing to the address below.

Lauren R. Januz

P.O. Box 631

Lake Forest, IL 60045

Placing the Blame

Eric Maloney's Proof Notes about
Custer's Revenge (80 Micro, January
1983, p. 12) makes a judgment totally
unrelated to the issue. The question is
not whether Atari has a corporate social
conscience, but whether it has a right to

14 • 80 Micro. May 1983

MODEL I

MODEL III

$5995

MOD

version

TIME w/^^ExpTtnt Th0lSo h^fete pack&ge

Wouldn't It be nice if your computer

could always boot up with the right lime
and date and then stay accurate. New-
clock-80 will enhance your Model I or HI
system with powerful clock/calendar/timer
functions.

Using LSI (large scale integration) and
custom circuits, Newciock-80 provides
MO/DATE/YR. HR;MN:SEC plus
AM/PM and day of week and even takes
care of leap years! It continues to keep time
and date with quartz accuracy when the
computer is turned off or experiences a
power failure, A single battery lasts over 2
years.

Compatibility: Newclock-80 is
compatible with any operating system,
including DOSPLUS. NEWDOS, LDOS
With its fully decoded circuitry it will work
with any other hardware you may own.
Bus expanders are available.

Installation is very simple, no tools, no
disassembly, no soldering. Just plug it in,
that's ail. There is no power supply or
messy cable, Newclock-80 plugs into the
rear of the keyboard © or side of the Exp.
Int. ©. Model II! Newclock fits the 50 pin
card edge (underneath) Q

The Software: Newclock-80 is as easy to
use as it is to install. -"SET", a Basic
program, is used only once to set the time
and date and select 12 or 24 hour format.
-"TIMESTR", also in Basic, patches your
computer "TIMES" function to read
Newclock-80. It also adds "TIMES" to
keyboard-only systems, a short routine is
simply "poked" into low memory.

Newclock-80 uses 12 ports (176 to 188)
6 for the time, 6 for the date. The data is

conveniently stored in decimal form, no
conversion is needed You can read or
modify any digit using simple Basic "INP"
and "OUT" statements.

No risk trial. Order your Newclock-80

today, see how easy it is to install and
operate then decide within 30 days if you
want to keep it. If for any reason you are
not delighted with its quality and
performance, you may return it for a
prompt and courteous refund.

Your unit wilt come complete O with
software on tape, detailed instructions.
handy reference card, and a 90 day
warranty. Specify Model 1 or III. Software is
also available on disk: add $5.
Lithium battery (not included) available
from RADIO-SHACK (*23- 162) or add
$1.50 to your order.

Thanks to outstanding engineering and
efficient manufacturing, ALPHA Products
is once again able to offer a great product at
a surprising price. Order your Newclock-80
at no obligation today.

ToU Free Order Line

800-221-0916

Orders Onlf, NY t Into call (212)2965916. Hours: 9-S B-S.T.

^M} ALPHA

79-04 Jamaica Ave.. Woodhaven. NY 11421

(212) 296-5916

ADD 12 50 PER ORDER FOR SHIPPING AND HANDLING

WE ACCEPT VISA. MASTEHCARO. CHECKS. M O

COD ADD J3 00 EXTRA

NY RESIDENTS ADD SALES TAX.

OVERSEAS, FPO. APO ADD 10%

DEALER DISCOUNTS AVAILABLE

INPUT

protest tasteless and vulgar uses of its
product.

However, in an effort to be objective
and see both sides, the editorial practi-
cally condemns Atari for not having af-
firmative-action software. That might
be another relevant issue in itself, but
the treatment in the editorial left Ameri-
can Multiple Industries in the back-
ground, and went after Atari!

Robin D. Sayler

P.O. Box 464

Highlands, NC 28741

MONEY DOS Loss

For a few weeks it looked as if I had
found the key to the vault. I had imple-
mented the commodities futures pro-
gram from MONEY DOS (80 Micro,
September 1982, p. 364), and it was
working fme.

"Do exactly as 1 say," it said, and I
did. Mr. Keynes said that he had used
the System for 12 years and had never
had a losing year or a margin call. He
reported 40 percent gains. How could I
lose? The System should tell me to get
out of a losing situation and should keep
me in a gaining position past the peak.

I found that it is possible to lose sub-
stantially before the moving averages
indicate a trend reversal. In less than
three months, I had lost over 90 percent
of the original investment . Making
gains is very difficult after losing so
many of the game tokens.

Since I scrupulously observed the
rules, only Monoproly money was in-
volved, so it was good entertaiimient.

Harry H. Bo wen

2207 Glendale Ave.

Pekin. IL 61554

Keynes Explains

Mr. Bowen's observation about the
System is partially accurate, as from
September through December it did in-
deed lose — but not 90 percent.

He didn 't say which commodities he
followed. If he followed only gold, sil-
ver, cattle, and hogs, it would have been
very unprofitable. If he followed
T-Bills, T-Bonds, Swiss Francs,
D-Marks, Japanese Yen, and sugar, he
would have made a bundle; they all
trended well.

That is why diversity is vital. Trading
15 commodities, the System showed a

16 • 80 Micro. May 1983

loss of about 16 percent in the last quar-
ter of 1982. one of the worst quarters it
has ever had.

One point I neglected to include in
the article: If the approximate risk
shown is in excess of 8 percent of your
bankroll, you decline the trade. Fur-
ther, one only takes a position on a
trend reversal.

In spite of the performance in the last
quarter of 1982, I'll still bet the 50 G 's.

J.M. Keynes

". . . diversity is vital.

Trading 15 commodities,

the System showed a loss

of about 16 percent

in the last quarter

of 1981

one of the worst quarters

it has ever had. "

muMath Fix

I recently purchased Extended
muMath from Microsoft (reviewed in
50 Micro, November 1982, p. 42), and
found it to be a remarkable piece of
software.

The package had a serious flaw, how-
ever. Assignment of elements of an array
could not be performed from a symbol-
ic subscript. That is, when the packages
named ARITH and ARRAY were load-
ed, the following command sequence
produced an error message:

? A:«l,2,3»;

?I:2;

? A«I»:4;

Typing in the following corrected
subroutine will fix this problem:

? SUBROUTINE UPDATE (EXl, LEXI. EX2),
ASSIGN (EXl, UPDATEl {EVAL(EX1).
EVAL(LEX1)»,
ENDSUBS

Richard H. Rand

Dept. of Theoretical and Applied

Mechanics

Cornell University

Ithaca. NY 14853

For More Information

Professor Rand is quite correct. The
initial evaluation of subscripts required
for his example to work properly is not
provided for in ARRAY. ARI. The pro-
gram authors, the Soft Warehouse,
noted the limitation several months ago.

Subsequently, they published a mod-
ification to ARRA Y.ARI in their news-
letter that provides this capability. The
modification is very similar to Professor
Rand's and easy to make.

Besides being a vehicle for publishing
bug fixes and enhancements, this news-
letter is an active forum for users of the
muMath and muLisp family of pro-
ducts to exchange application notes.
Contact the Soft Warehouse, P.O. Box
11174. Honolulu, HI 96828-0174 for
subscription ir\formation.

Gregory J. Fowler

Microsoft Corporation

10700 Northup Way

Bellevue. WA 98004

Users in Chariotte, NC...

I am pleased to announce the forma-
tion of the TRS-80 User's Group of
Charlotte. We are three months old
with an active membership.

Any TRS-80 users in the Charlotte
area, who are interested in learning
more about their computer and in shar-
ing their experiences with the group,
should contact Bill Hardin at
704-542-9959 after 6 p.m. or write to the
address below.

Bill Hardin

TRS-80 User's Group of Charlotte

6613 Summerlin Place

Charlotte. NC 28211

Southern CoCo

We are forming a Color Computer
user's group for the Memphis, TN area.
For more information, contact me at
901-362-5945, or mail inquiries to the
address below.

Ben Barton

4903 Warrington Road

Memphis, TN 38118

Back-Up Hypocrisy

Your decision not to publish the
name and address of the person offer-
ing a free program to back up Super

IMOXA/ MODEL I AIMD MODEL III !

Now Model III users can take advantage of the ALPHA I/O system too. Our new
MOD III/I BUB CONVERTER allows most port based Model I accessories (such as
our ANALOG-80, INTERFACER 2 and INTERFACER-80) to connect to the Model III
bus, MOD III/I BUS CONVERTER, complete with all connectors, only $39.95.

irc7^

2 Printers"

PRIHTSWITCH

Have 2 printers on lire ai all limes and sElect printer 1 or
2 by means 01 3 cnnvenienlly locaied switch End Itie DtoDlem
ot constaniiy plugging and unplugging printer caoies PRINT-
SWITCH IS a compacl n»dule that plugs onic Ifie weBei printer
port o( your TRS-80 and provides an edge connecfo' for eacn
ot your two printers It works witfi any two types of printers
dot mairix. daisy wheel, plotters. TRS-80 convened seiectncs.
etc Assembled, tested, ready to jse with connector and in-
slrjclions For Model I or 111 (please specify). ONLY S59.00

OE ^ 40Pnr \p CABLES
©i3 MPh.42- ra ra

1^ 34P*v54- ra RO ra RD

®S 40 Pti. 2 or 4 n. rjs

SUPERIOn QUALITY flEPUCEMENT & EXTENSION CABLES

Highest quality cable and high force, gold plated contacis
ensure tlie utmost in connectioii reliability

O «EVBOAR0 TO EXPANSION INTERFACE S21

e DISK DRIVE CABLE FOR i OFt 2 DRIVES S32

• DISK DRIVE CA8LE FOR 3 Oft 4 OftlUES S45
« DiSKDRIVECABLEEXTENOEfi $22

• PRINTER CABLE EXTENDER ... S24

• 40 PIN BUS EXTENDER- 2 tl . $22 411 124.
Custom cable configurations are also available Call us

!3^o*>*. S^

5 xa X3 X2

rDU ASKED FOR IT. ■ EXPANDABUS XI, XI. X3 AND Xi
CONNECT ALL VOUH IHS-BO DEVICES SIMULTANEOUSLY
on IhE 40 pin THS-80 Bus Any device that nofmally plugs
miD the Myboard eOge connector will atso plug mio the
EXPANDABUS Tne X4 a shown wrlh proieclive
covers (incluOeoi Tne IRS-80 HeyDoaro conlams ine bus
drivers (74LS367) tor up io 20 oevice? more ttian vwj win
everneed UsingineE'i itpiugseiineroetween KBanoE'i
or in the Screen Printer port Piofesiionai aualily goifl
plated conlacts Computer grade JO conductor riBbon cable
X2 .129 X3 S44 X« S59 X& S7<

Custom conliquralions are also availaOie call us

ANAlOG'Sa A WORLD OF NEW APPLICATIONS PCSSISLE

8 DiGiIAl MULTIMETERS PLUGGED iMO vOUH !RS-80"'
Measu'e temoer^iure Voltage. Cunem Light P'essu'e etc
Very easi( 10 use forewnipie let i teaO mpul channel #4 10
OUT ,» Selects input »4 ana also sians the coB«rsion 20
4 = iNPiOi Purs the resull m variable A voila'
Speciticalions inpoi range 0-5V lo O-SOOV (jcn cnannel
can tw set to a different scale

Resolulion JOmV (on 5V langet Accuracy 8 Oils I b'/ni Port
Address jumoer seleciaDle Plugs into keyooaro bus or E/l
(screen prmter poni AssemWeo ano lesteO 90 day warranty
Compieie with power supply connector manual ii39

^SPECIAL THIS MONTH'i

\$Q95 I

DISK DRIVE EICTENDER CABLE. FREE VDUH MINI-DRIVES.

End the daisy-chain mess once and for all Fits all mini-
drives F^rcom Aerocomp. Shugarl Micropolis. MTl. Vista.
Pertec. Siemens BASF East to install ]ust remove the drive
cover, plug in the EXTENDER CABLE and replace the cover

Now you can change and rnove your drives witfiout dis-
assembly Keep the cover on and the dusi out Hign reliability
gold plated contacis, computer grade 34 conductor cable.
Tested and guaranteed

Get one lor each drive ONLY 18 95

TIMEOATE BO: REAL-TIME CLOCK/CALENDAR MQOliLE

Kfieps quart? .iciiuidle time inr 3 '^e.^w u" ;■ ^eplaceanie
AAA Dalteiies mot mciuoeai Gives MO/OAlt VH DAY ot
WEEK HR MIN StC and AM/PM Fealuies INTELLIGENT
CALENDAR and even provides toi Leap veai Ttiis compact
moQuiB smp'v plugs >nlD rear ot Keyboard or side ot
Enpansion imerlate imay be clipped inside E ii includes
cassetle sotlware tor settiitg rlocti ana patching to any DOS
lincluding NEWDOS 80 2 Oi Opiional Y connector allows
lor lurilie' enpansion For Model I Fully assembleo and
tesied Compleie with msliiictions and casselte ONlv
S9^ OQ Y ..giJlionadOSIiOO

power relays ui

JNTEHFACEH-BO tne most ooweilui Sense. Control moouie
•8 mpustnai grade relays, single pole OOuOie tnrow isolated
contacts 2Amo g t25Volls TTl latched ouloutsa/e also
accessible lo diive eiiernai soi>d state leiars
•8 convenient lEDs consianlty Qispiay lire -etdy slates
Simple QUI commands iin oasici control the 8 relays
■ 8 ophcaiiy- isolated inputs '□' easy Siteci interlacing lo
eiiernai switches pnoioceiis keypads sensors etc
Simple INP" commands read Ihe status ol Ihe 8 inputs
SeleciaDle part address Clean, compact enclosed design
Assembled tested 90 days warranty Price includes power
suopty caple connector superb user s manual StiS

GREEN SCREEN

\A/ARIMII\IC3

IBM and an the Piggies are using green screen momiois

Its advantages are now widely advertised We leei thai every

TRS BO user should enjoy tne benefits n provides But

WARNING, all C-reen Screens are not created equal Here is

What we touno

•Several are |ust a Hal piece O' standard coioreo Lucite Tne

green tint was not made lo' this purpose and is judged by

many to be too dark increasing the brightness control will

result in a tuijy display

•Some are simply a piece ol ihin plastic tiim taped onto a

cardboard frame The color is satistaciory but me wobbly film

gives It a poor appearance

•One optical filler' is in tact plain acrylic sheeting

•False claim A lew pretend to reouce glare in laci itieir

Hat and Sf>iny surfaces (both lilm ane LuCite typel ADD ineir

own reflections to the screen

•A lew laughs One ad claims to reduce screen contiasi

Sorry gentleman Oui it s |ust the opposite One ol the Green

Screen's ma|or beneliis is to increase Ihe contrasi between

ifie texi and the background

•Drawbacks Most are using adhesive strips to lasien their

screen to the monitor This method makes if awkward lo

remove lor necessary pei<o<lica< cleaning AM leicepi aursi

are flat Light pens wrii not work rei>at>iy oecaitse at tne tMg

gap between the screen and ine lube

Many companies have been manulaclurmg video filters for

years Ae are not the lirsi (some think they are) but we have

done our homework and we ihink we manufacture (he tiest

Green Screen Here is why

•II tits right onio the picture lube like a Skin because it is the

only CURVED screen MOLDED enjcfly 10 ttie piclure luOe

curvature II is Cut precisely to cover me eiposed area ol the

picture tube Tne lit is sucn thai Ihe static eiectncity is

sufficient to keep it m place' We also -nciutfe some invisible

reusable lape lor a more secure fastening

•Trie fitter material that we use is |usi rigni. noi too dark nor

100 light The result is a really eye pleasing display

We are so sure thai you will never take your Green screen oft

Ihai we otter an unconditional money-back guaraniy try our

Green Screen fo' 14 days it loi any reason you are noi

delighted with it return it tor a prompt reiund

A last word We think mat companies like ours who are

selling mainly Qy mail snouid (itsi their street addressMiave a

phone number itor Questions and orde'swccepl COOs not

every one likes to send cfiecks to a PO b0«0lfer Ihe

convenience ol charging then purchase to major credit cards

How come we are Ihe only green screen people doing it'

Order your ALPHA GREEN SCREEN loday 112 50

\yMy ALPHA Products

ADD S7 SO PER DflDER FOR SHIPPING AND HANDLING
ALL ORDERS SHIPPED FIRST CLASS MAIL
WE ACCEPT VISA MASTER CHARGE CHECKS MO
COO ADDS? QQ EXTRA

QUANTITY DISCOUNTS AVAiiAHLI- ™
H y RESIDENTS ADPSALLS lAi ^

79-04 Jamaca Ave., Woodhaven, N.Y. 11421 S into and order: (212) 296»5916

INPUT

Utility Plus is rather hypocritical in light
of the rest of your comments.

You state that you will accept adver-
tising from people who wish to sell this
type of program; you even identify one
of your letter writers as a person with a
Super Utility back-up program for sale.

I see no difference between selling
these programs and giving them away,
exc^t that persons doing the former
must pay for advertising in your mag-
azine. Software piracy is okay as long as
80 Micro gets a cut of the profits.

If the author had written saying he
would sell this program for S3 (just
enough to cover the cost of a disk and
postage), we would now have his name
and address.

Wayne Pickett

5 Buttonwood St.

Trenton, NJ 08619

The Corvus Battle

We have discovered the utterly apall-
ing fact that NEWIXDS80 for Model III
will not nm the Radio Shack accounting
software.

Since the Corvus hard disk requires
NEWDOS80 and won't run on
TRSDOS, anyone buying a Corvus
must be prepared to buy all new soft-
ware and lose all his files as well!

Thus, improving the speed of the
TRS-80 Model III by adding a Corvus
disk is a Pyrrhic victory.

James A. iVilliams

Turbine A Hoy Corp.

280 Belvidere Ave.

Washington, NJ 07882

Model m Merge

"Cassette Merge," by John Nicolet-
tos (50 Micro, January 1983, p. 310),
presented ways to merge several Basic

programs using the Color Computer.

Using Table 1 of this article as a
guide, I have written a simple program,
together with a simple POKE state-
ment, to permit use of these techniques
to merge programs for the TRS-80
Model III. Programs can be merged
very easily, as long as each program has
line numbers higher than those of the
preceding program.

Unless you want to do a lot of retyp-
ing, you must fu-st buy a program that
will scan a Basic program and renumber

* 'Software piracy is okay

as long as

80 Micro

gets a cut

of the profits/'

all the lines automatically. There are
several on the market and they are not
expensive.

Assume that you have three pro-
grams, called A, B, and C, that you
want to link together. Type in Program
Listing 2 and save it on cassette by typ-
ing CSAVE"L".

As you can see, line 9 is the only one
that does anything useful, so the others
are deleted on the first run to save mem-
ory space. It is important to write down
the POKE information contained in
line 5 before it is wiped out.

To get ready to link programs A, B,
and C, first load your "renumber" pro-
gram. Then load program A, renumber
it so that the first line is 30000, and
CSAVE the renumbered version. Do
the same for B and C.

Next, CLOAD"L". the link pro-
gram shown in Listing 2. Run the link

1 PRINT "RUNNING THIS PROGRAM SETS A POINTER TO MAKE"

2 PRINT "PROGRAMS LOADED LATER LINK TO THE END OF"

3 PRINT "PROGRAMS LOADED EARLIER. TO RESET THE POINTER*

4 PRINT "SO THIS PROGRAM CAN BE RUN AGAIN, YOU MUST"

5 PRINT "TlPE POKt; 16548 ,233 :POKE 16549,67 AND PRESS"

6 PRINT "ENTER. WRITE THAT DOWN BECAUSE THESE LINES"

7 PRINT "WILL Bt DELETED AFTER THE FIRST RUN,"

8 DE1.ETE 1-8

9 PORb 16548, PEEK(16633)-2:POKE 16549, PEEK (16634) :STOP

Program Listing 2

program and write down the POKE
information because it is important and
will not appear again. Running the link
program moves a pointer so that the
next program loaded will be linked to
the end of the link program.

For the actual linking of A, B, and C,
CLOAD"A*'. Then type the POKE
information to reset the pointer. Re-
number what is in memory so that the
first line is 10 and the interval is 10.
Then type RUN; this runs "link" to
move the pointer to a new start.

Next. CLOAD"B" and repeat the
steps used for A. CLOAD"C" and re-
peat except for RUN, which is unneces-
sary on the last link. Delete line 10,
which is the link program, renumber as
desired for neatness, and CSAVE the
new program.

Don't panic if you type LIST and
some information is missing. The only
time LIST will show everything is right
after you have entered the POKE infor-
mation. Also, don't renumber until just
after the POKE.

W.B. Callaway

104 Midstream Place

Lincroft. NJ 07738

Not Trash

In my review of Prosoft's Trashman
(80 Micro, January 1983, p. 53), two
minor errors appeared that should be
clarified. First, the Trashman utility is
not available for the Model II. I'm sorry
if I got your hopes up on that one.

Second, if it seems that 1 am less than
enthusiastic about the program, I want
to assure potential users that 1 am fully
satisfied with Trashman. It has proven
to be a valuable utility and 1 recommend
it to anyone with string-compression
time delays. It is fast, easy, and virtually
invisible except for the increase in pro-
gram speed.

Richard C. McGarvey

221 Hirschfteld Drive

Williamsville. NY 14221

Draw A Flush

I enjoyed "Casino Draw Poker" by
Ron Balewski (50 Micro, November
1982, p. 246). However, because of an
error in the name of a variable in lines
8120, 8140, and 8150, the program wiU
not run properly for the poker hands
royal flush and four of a kind. The
problem is easily corrected by changing

18 • 00 Micro, May 1983

HAPPINESS IS...NEWSCRIPT

THE WORD PROCESSOR FOR
BUSINESSMEN AND PROFESSIONALS

We offer you ongoing support by ansy^ering
your questions and providing reasonably
priced enhancements.

A FEW OF NEWSCBIPTS STANDARD FEATURES:

*Form Letters wilh merging of names and addresses
'Gives superb appearance to your final documents
'Comprehensive manual with hundreds of examples
'Centering, lop/bottom titles, indents, pagination
'Underlining, boldface, double-width, italics'
'Sub-scripts, super-scripts, proportional pitch "
'Generates Table of Contents, sorted Index
'Allows block graphics, special symbols ~

'Search and replace globally or within a range
'Block move, copy, delete, insert from other file
'AUTOSAVE, WHOOPS, DIRECTORY, KILL, REPEAT

'Based on IBM's ■EDGAR' and "SCRIPT" systems
•Supplied ready-to-run on "tiny " DOSPLUS

'Easily transferred to NEWDOS, NEWDOS '80, LDOS. TRSDOS
'Includes handy Quick Reference Card

NEWSCRIPT CONTROLS THESE PRINTERS:

•EPSON MX-80. MX-lOO: all 12 fonts, plus underlining
and block graphics; italics wilh GRAFTRAX

'Centronics 737. 739: Radio Shack L.P. IV. L.P. VIII, Prowriter.
Daisy Wheel II. NEC PC-8023A. TEC 8500R, C.ITOH 8S10:
Right-justified true proportional printing ,.

*Good support lor: Diablo. Spinwiitei, Slarwnler. QUME. Microhne, _U,
Anadex. modilied Seiectric, standard line printers

NOW AVAILABLE: right-justiiied true proportional support for
Diablo. Spinwrilei. Starwriter, and Qume (Daisy Wheel Option)**

TYPICAL USER AND REVIEWER COMMENTS:

"There is a new word processor on the market that will change the way people think about the capabilities of the TRS-80. Imagine a
powerful ruainliame text editor running on a TRS-80. with virtual compatibility between the two versions., .on -going support second to
none, with superb documentation." (Jim Klaproth, 80-U.S. JOURNAL February. 1982]
the manual:

"It detiniteiy rates the first '10' given to any documentation reviewed in this column." (A.A. Wicks. COMPUTBONICS, October, 1981)

the software: "An excellent Word Processor" iD.H.I: "Absolutely fantastic" IS.E.S.l: "You have features that I cannot duplicate
on my $14,000 system" II. B.)

the support: "Your phone information system and the prompt and courteous staff that you provide to help your clients. ..are worth
the cost of the system." (V.H.H.S

REQUIRED CONFIGURATION: 48K TRS-80 with
one disk drive. Specify Model I or Model III.

■ Some iealutes work only it youi prinler has the methanical capability
• DaisyWheel ciopoi:ionai is esira i:osl opiion

TO ORDER, CALL NOW, TOLL-FREE:

(800) 824-7888, Operator 422

CALIF: (800) 852-7777, Oper. 422

ALASKA/HAWAII: (800) 824-7919

FOR TECHNICAL INFORMATION CALL:

(213)764-3131, or write to us.

Order from your Software dealer, or from:

PRO&

NEWSCRIPT 7.0: $124.95

MAILING LABELS OPTION: 29.95

Special: NEWSCRIPT + LABELS: 139.95

Daisywheel Proportional Option: 49.95

"PENCIL'/'SCRIPSIT" File Convertor: 24.95

Manual Only {280 pages): 29.95

Reference Card Only: 2.50

Electric Webster + Correction Feature: 149.50

Graphics Editor and Programmer 2. 1: 49.95

GEAP & Dotwriter (Hi-Res. letter) 1.5: 99.95

DOSPLUS 3.4: 149.95

TTflMSVfe accept VISA Masteicaid. checks, Moiror Orders. CO D, and
even cash We pay shipping via suilace UPS inside U.S.A. Please odd

DEPT. C, BOX 560 • NO. HOLLYWOOD, CA 91603 ^^'»;-2'-^[;«' '^'°"'"'^'*°'"" °"^''''°^^^^^^

INPUT

"WT" to "WV" in those lines.

Also, it is useful to insert a couple of
reference lines:

8030 ' SORTING HAND BY VALUE AND

SUIT

8130 '4 OF A KIND

W.B. Callaway

104 Midstream Place

Lincroft. NJ 07738

Only One?

I feel obliged to take exception to
Wayne Green's comments in Remarks

(80 Micro, January 1983, p. 8). Refer-
ring to the recent Northeast Computer
Show, he states: "There were Apple
computers all over the place at the
show, but only one TRS-80 that I saw. ' '
Radio Shack and the Tandy Corpor-
ation were well-represented at the show.
Mr. Green, by virtue of his position as
Publisher /Editor of 80 Micro, has a
great influence on present and prospec-
tive computer owners. 1 feel that his
readers should receive the whole story
and reach their own decisions.

Thomas J. Hamre

59 Hadley Village Road

South Hadley, MA 01075

4411

OB200

ORG

44I1H

82AF D5

0833B

PUSH

;SAVE DE

ON STACK

8280 CD3B00

08340

CALL

BBSBH

(MOD 3 -

PRINT CH

B2B3 01

08330
06360 ;
08370 !

POP

] RESTORE

B0BB0 TOTAL

ERRORS

Program Listing 3

Two photographs were switched
in the March 1 983 issue of 80 Micro.
The photo on p. 48 of the Review
section should have appeared as
Photo 1 in the article "Real World,
It's About Time!" on p. 342. The
photo on p. 342 is actually the com-
pleted MDX^ board.

"Inside AIDS-III" (80 Micro,

March 1983, p. 136) contained the
wrong area code for author Robert
A. Fiorelli's telephone number. The
correct number is 216-289-2002.

Program Listing 3 is a Model Hi
patch to Listing 5 of Thomas Tins-
ley's article, "Graphics on the Line
Printer Vil" (80 Micro, April 1983,
p. 306).— Eds.

NEW PRINTERS ADDED' FIND YOURS BELOW

aoot'

RIBBON SALE

EXACT REPLACEMENTS. LONG-LIFE. HEAVY INKING

RADIO SHACKCENTRONICSEPSON ANADEXBASE 2 HEWLETT PACKARDMALIBU IBM NEC C.ITOH IDS

PRINTER

MAKE, MODEL NUMBER

(Conlicl ut il your prinlar is
not liilM). W* can probably
RELOAD your old cartrtdgn)

ANADEX KK»S«t«t

BASE 2

RADIO SHACK
DAISY WHEEL II

Carbon Film (»1419]

colors;*":'"''

Lons Llla Fabric (1449)

LPI-IMV 700Z>(hP>ck
n*'3)730(737'73W779

DMP-200 (26-1483)
DMP-SOO (26 1482)

LPIII-V (2«.1414|

LP WVm DMP-400 Ofrum

LP VII DMP 100(2fr1424)

EPSON MX 7(^B0lBM

MX 100

C.ITOH ';"■;*»
IDS r;;:-™*..

DATA ROYAL mo

NEC BOJISarws

Spinwiitai Fabric
MS Carbon F>lm

coLOBs :r.'i^.

RIBBON

SIZE

Inches

by
Yards

INSERTS EZLOAO'"

EXACT REPLACEMENTS made >n
our own shop tealure Long-Llla
and Haavy Mdng. Our instructions
DROP IN. NO WINDING!

V^ aU

I zs Tc

"i (20

'1 M IS

»1G> U

Inkar Loop

'/i ■ 30
»] I 1S

'1 130

Villi
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130

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$21/3

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S1W3

$66/12

$2Sffi S48/12 $270/72

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SI 7/3 $62/12

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$76/12

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S2S/6 $48/12 $270/72

$30/6 $58/12 $324/72

RELOADS

You SEND your used
CARTRIDGES 1Q us Wo
RELOAD rr>em tor you

$10/1 $9«aJ2ormore

$B/1 $8 Ba./2ormorfl

SIS/3

$18/3

$9/1 $8 •ai2 or mort

$9/1 $6 •■ J2 or mora

$9/1 $8 aaJ2 or mora

$9/1 $8 eaJZormore

$9/1 $8 ea./2 or mora

$10/1

$8>«J2o rmora
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$9/1 $8 «a./2 or mor«

$11/1 $10aaJ2ormora
$9/1 $8ea./2ormore

$9/1 $8 ea./2 or more

$8/1 S7eaJ2ormora
SIS/3

$18/3

WORRIED ABOUI ORDERING BVM AH "'Reia. We .e Me" .n Dusmess lor many years and cdn ciease l"e
STialiest and largesi accou"! You recene some Ql ine tinesi ribtjons ay*iiBt)ie made d' our own eiciusiye
IMAGE PLUS • 'M'Sbrica"Clca-lxin1iim Oui ribbons til you- pnnlei eiacHy COMPARE bul BEWARE' We
order *i uu< compeiiior s P'oOuct^ a^n a-e ama/ed al wrtiat we get Have you eve recetired a r>e* tab'ic
ribOon vou had lo untvind and dumr oul on itie laDle beln'e you could use it' We fiave Or cd-bon tilm in
sens tfial ridd no end ol nObon seniO'' Oi 7 meg carl'idges wilh only HALF enouQ" rilitxin al full retail''
Our oil* *)uMness is RIBBON manulaclunng anO QiSiriDul on Weuieifie latest stale o' ineart proauciion
equipmeni and ^e blessefl *it'' a Imp dedicated slalt Wp 'u ly guaraniee all ou' products because we ma«p
ine<" ourselves Ti.hi must be completely satislied oeriod Our rpbons are made I'psi Oariy and s^iooed wiifi'
JitKjurs Write lo' Our b'ocfiure and newsletter INK SPO'S •Md Jt Presifli

IHOm

^v^

NEW CARTRIDGES

(ttom the various
manulaclurers SuOjecl

loavaiiabiiiiy 'i

$30/2 $87/6 $168/12

$21/3 $84/12 $504/72

$18/3 $70/12 $408/72

$21/3 $82/12 $480/72

$20/2 $58/6 $112/12

$30/2 $90/6 $180/12

$24/2 S72/6 $144/12

$25/2 $75/6 $150/12

$22/2 S66/6 $132/12

$16/2 $46 /6 $96/ 12
$18/2" $52/6 $100/12
$30/2 $8716 $168/12

SILVER DOLLAR
WIND to LOAD

WHY DO WE SFLL THESE'
This IS the type ribbon you gel Jt you order
Ifom our lellow Bdverli^ers We sell them
tor less since me make ihom ourselves Do
you really like the mess and inconvenience ot
ur>windmg and dumping Ihis type ribbon
into a wastebashet or oul on a newspaper
and^or winding il inio your cadridoe'' We
don t Know wtiy these are being sold
Compulers should sifnplity your Me. not
make it more complei jus) ID save a few
pennies Vou are welcome to order these
it you cannot alloro our £2 LOAD lu
INSERTS RELOADS or NEW CART
RIDGES flut BEWARE' Vou now know now
lo avoid disappomtmem One mot caution
be sure (o cnech tfie lerigtn oi any ncbon
BEFORE you buy n For instance an MX-lOO
ribbon sftouio De 30 yards long no' 20 as m
theMX-aO

$12/3 $44/12 $252/72

$11/3 $40/12 $228/72

S12/3 $44/12 $252/72

$18/3 $66/12 $360/72

voium.1 MODEL II 8" GAME DISCS "<>"""• ^

Bio'hylhms. Trap Ugly Bmgo

RipCord YacMSaa S25 EACH Towers Blachjack

Concenlrahon ft 4 mora Farkla. Pony t 2 more

SEND CHECK. MONEY ORDER, or COD TO:

BCCOMPCO

800 South 17 Box 246
SUMMERSVILLE. MO 65571

(417)932-4196 "'^^^

WE PAY UPS SHIPPING ON PREPAID ORDERS, PLEASE

INCLUDE STREET ADDRESS FOR UPS DELIVERY ADD

$1.00 FOR POSTAL, APO. FPO, or AK, AS, CM, GU, HI,

PR. TT, VI. CANADA or MEXICO,

FOREIGN ADD 10%. US. FUNDS,

20 • 80 Micro, May 1983

Scanned by Ira Goldklang - www trs-80 com

WHERE DID ALL

THE MONEY

TALLYMASTER can help you find out
lis the "big picture" financial man
agement tool designed for people re-
sponsible for budgets and sales. Re-
venues and expenses can be placed
in up to 702 categories, and grouped
and totallecl into higher categor-
ies. Results are displayed im-
mediately: and can be printed
and stored on disk.

TALLYMASTER is easy to
learn and easy to use. It's
menu-driven, and the built-in
HELP command displays in-
formation on any of 21 speci-
fic topics. Facilities include
sorting in four ways, selec-
tion of ranges of categories
to be changed or reported,
merging of several files, and
multi-column printed re-
ports. Arithmetic functions
even allow simple sales pro-
jections.

TALLYMASTER was designed to fill
the gap between a bookkeeper's de-
ailed journals and the "CAL.C" pro-
grams, it was designed to help the per-
son running a business (or a house-
hold) gain better control over the fi-
nances of that business. Was it de-
signed for you?

To find out. order TALLYMASTER
today, from your local PROSOFT
dealer or directly from us. Hand-
somely packaged and well-
documented, TALLYMASTER is
just S79.95 on disk, tor the 48K
TRS-80 Models 1 and 3.

Dept c ao< su No Hollywood. Cii rsos

. (213) 764-3131

ToU-Free order lines:
(800) 824-7888 oper 422
Calif: (800) 852-7777

T«rma: VISA, MC, CHECKS. C O.D,, ot even cash No P,0.'». PleAM add $3.00 ihipping/handling
m USA, $5 00 to Canada. $15 00 ovetwas For C O.D. please add $2.00 in US only, add
6'-)% sales lax in Calilorma, we ship within one day of leceiving orders.

TWO PRIWTERS?

TWOPRINr"

is the Smartest

Dual Printer

Switch

for Your Money

on the Market

Todayl

99.95

• Hard selea of desired
printer with toggle
switch Software select
mode via CHR^\\or
CHRS(2)

• Ugfits indicate which
printer fias been selected

• "Centronics" compatible

rWOPRINT fits the
following MOD I. II, III. IV.
& 16 (Please specify as
some require changes to
your cables)

Requires purchase of
Radio Shack P/N
(270-)552A| Battery

Eliminator

Bea^E^^ras^

BUY THE BESTI

TRSWATCH I & III"

From the original creator of the

TCHRON & TIMEDATE 80.

• IrKludes factory supporred ^
Software on Disk or Tape,
a '39,95 valuel

• A precision, Time proven,
Highly stable Clock

• For LNW, Hard Disks,
MOD I & MOD III
I specify)

• Fully enclosed - Cable
altows for flexible
rrwunting

• Requires 2 AAA
cells for 3 yr. life

• We solicit n»i^^^
Applicatkjns J^^^*'
Program Support

99.90

CfWth or Money Oder,
Viu or MastriCjrd ^u«p(M

Californa rtadents add 6/?% Sales Tax

CALIFORNIA WORD EXCHANGE

802 E. Lime • Monrovia, CA 91016
(213) 443-5866

AVAILABLE FOR
IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT

— DEALERS PLEASE CAa —

AID

$50 Joystick?

I'd like to know if a potentiometer
joystick with interface is available for
under $50.

Joseph Lynds

Box 22

PlymoutK VT 05056

Can You Make Sounds?

I am fascinated by program games
that make sounds like "zap, bang,
pop," or "you're dead." If anyone
knows how to make these sounds,
please write to me.

Greg Van Doom

835 South Yonge St.

Ormond Beach, FL 32074

Desperate Fan!

I have searched far and wide for SO
Micro back issues, and have rounded up
all issues except for July 1980. Will
someone please help me? Tm gating
desperate!

Ed Noble

P.O. Box 759

Mesilla Park, NM 88047

An Incompatible System

I recently had the Radio Shack dou-
ble density option installed on my
Model I, and found that the TRSDOS
2.7DD was incompatible with Radio
Shack Scripsit. Does anyone know of a
solution of how I can reliably use
TRSE>OS 2.7DD with Scripsit?

Eric Rosenfeld

60 Winter St.

Ashland. MA 01721

Zaps and SuperScripsit

Does anyone have zaps to allow new
SuperScripsit to work in double-density
on NEWDOS 2.0?

Eddie Harrison
130 W. Third St.
Tustin, CA 92680

Contractor Needs Programs

I plan to start my own business as a
plumbing and heating contractor. I
would like to fmd software for my
Model III that wiU help me in determin-
ing estimations, accounts received, and

72 • 80 Micro. May 1983

Problems,
problems,
problems

accounts payable.

Also, does anyone know of a source
of programs that would supply refer-
ences of small [Numbing contractors in
my state?

Jim Youelis

36 North St.

Plymouth, PA 18651

A Sticky Retay

I have a problem with the recorder re-
lay (kl) sticking in my Color Computer.
This is frustrating when trying to re-
trieve data from my CTR-80A. A swift
kick in the assembly usually unsticks the
relay. Has anyone else experienced this
problem?

Doug Gilmore

1015 K St.

Reedley. CA 93654

ASCII Conversions Needed

I need information on ASCII to
Baudot and Baudot to ASCII conver-
sions for data input and output. 1 have a
Model I Level II computer that I would
like to make an RTTY program for.
Please contact me.

Mike Waldrop

P.O. Box537FTG

FBPO Norfolk, VA 23593

Bibliography Program Please

I am looking for a bibliography
maintenance program to run on the
Model 11/16. It should permit up to 12
fields per entry with at least 200-250
charaaers per field and [>ermit a
minimum of 1,500 characters per entry.
The program should also allow search-

ing on any word in any field using
AND, OR, and NOT.

Although some data-base manage-
ment programs can do some of this,
I prefer a program specifically de-
signed for maintaining a bibliography
that permits user-specified searching,
ordering, and formatting of references
and citations.

Joel Samoff

3527 South Court

Palo Alto. CA 94306

Is It True?

Help! The Radio Shack Bisync Com-
munications manual states that record
lengths can be up to 256 bytes. Has any-
one been successful in doing this with
communication to an IBM System 34?
If so, I'd like to hear from you.

Marvin Lanahan

24935 Roesner Road

Katy. TX 77450

Wanted: Model HI Conversion

The merge utility mentioned by John
Megson in "Video Genie" (Input,
January 1983, p. 22) is just what I've
been looking for. Unfortunately, it
doesn't work on my Model III. Does
anyone have a fix?

Russ Kincaid

11 Summer St.

Milford. NH 03055

Making a Connection

I have an Osborne 1 attached to a
BMC monitor and an Okidata 82A. I
would like to connect my Color Com-
puter to the Osborne I so that data and
program files on the Color Computer
can be saved and printed from the
Osborne I. Can anyone advise me in
finding a cable for this connection?

John Toh

I851-H. Block 331

Avenue 1, Ang Mo Kio

Singapore 2056

Needs High-Speed Advice

Can someone tell me how to use high
speed (1500 baud) with INPUT #-1 and

PRINT #-1? I have a Model III.

Kenneth Armstrong

8020 Perry

Chicago. IL 60620

Oktdata«0$320
Okidatae2A S399

OfcidotQ 02 S510

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Model III 4K LEV 1

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1715

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1335

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Color CofTiputef 16K

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Epson MX80 F[

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230

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599

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4199

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1029

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4799

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Here are just a few of our fine offers . .
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RS Sottware 10% ort list

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TOLLHWE
1-800-S4S-8124

com

P.O. Box 1094
480 King Street
Littleton. MA 01460
617-4e6-3i93

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.■^ 1 %l a' AB.w'iie

"t^ If

eOWCiO. kSay t9ft3 • 23

AID

Schematics Anyone?

I need a schematic for my TRS-
80 Color Computer. Can someone
help me?

Wendy A. Archinal

46 Rolling Green Apts.

Amherst. MA 01002

A City Trade

The city of New Haven, CT is cur-
rently operating a microcomputer net-
work using six Model II's in various
departments. We would like to trade in-
formation, experiences, and applica-
tions with other municipalities that are
using Radio Shack computers.

Anne Kessen

Office of Housing & Neighborhood

Development

157 Church St.

New Haven, CT 06510

Converting Signals

Can anybody tell me how to convert
and format incoming Motorola Tele-
printer signals for a Model I computer
with printer?

David Youngs
519 North Pine Way
Anaheim. CA 92805

Wants to Renumber Lines

I am interested in obtaining a pro-
gram to renumber lines on my Model
III. If anyone has done this, please con-
tact me.

D.F. O'Brien

35 Deerfield Road

Norwood, MA 02062

Level III Info Needed

I was given some Model I tapes.
Among them was a Level III Basic tape
from Microsoft, but with no documen-
tation. Can someone help me find
documentation for this software?

Also, docs anyone know of a way to
clearly disable the List command on a
Model I?

J.E. Phinney

5041 East Cooper

Stockbridge, MI 49285

Genera! Ledger Problem

I'm less than enchanted with the in-
ability of Radio Shack's Model II Gen-

24 • 80 Micro, May 1983

eral Ledger program to print out direct-
ly the contents of the various account
files. I have discussed this with the
Radio Shack hotline people, and their
reaction was one of indifference. I can't
believe that there isn't anyone out there
with the same problem, and I'm won-
dering if anyone has found a solution?

Henry W. Merrill Jr.

P.O. Box 640

44 Main St.

St. Johnsbury, VT 05819

Wants to Write to Disk

I have an LNW-80, 48K, two-disk
system. I need a modification or patch
to Radio Shack's Editor/ Assembler
Series I that will allow me to write to
disk instead of cassette. Does anyone
know of such a program?

Wes Friischle

P.O. Box 224

Fort Knox. KY 40121

Write to Me!

I would like to patch various utilities
with my Beta-80 tape operating system.
Has anyone disassembled and analyzed
the Beta-80 operating system? I would
like to correspond with others using this
system.

Dave Gaucher

P.O. Box 882

Wolfeboro, NH 03894

A Program to Sort

We operate a Radio Shack Model II
in our business and would like to find a
program to sort our key blanks, first in
a numerical sequence and then alpha-
betically under this sequence. Can
someone help us?

Dan C. Sanderson

4301 Rivers Ave.

" No. Charleston, SC 29405

More LP VII Info!

Can someone recommend any books
or articles that would explain the basics
of dot matrix printer operation and
driver program usage to supplement the
LP VII manual from Radio Shack?

Also, does anyone have a patch or
machine-language printer-driver pro-
gram that can be used with cassette

Scripsit to utilize the LP Vll's propor-
tional spacing and right justification
capabilities?

George S. Carlsen

2608 Greenacre Drive

Findlay. OH 45840

Eliminate My Interference!

1 know of a person with a similar
computer to my Model 1 that has a buf-
fer cable from the keyboard to expan-
sion interface that eliminates in-
terference with VHF TV stations. My
present cable causes no interference
with VHF, only with UHF stations.
Can someone tell me where I can find
this cable?

William C Jarvis

2 Hamilton Road

Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889

Flag Problems

I have the Radio Shack Time
Manager program, and I'm having a
problem with the Flag function. The
disk boots to default even if the flag set-
tings are rewritten. If anyone has infor-
mation on how to correct this so that it
runs as it should, please contact me.

Donald J. Gloistein

2500 Fairway Drive tt922

Alvin, TX 77511

Superterminal Patch

Our firm has a Model III with an
RS-232 card. The computer is connect-
ed to a Lynx modem. We recently pur-
chased the Superterminal program but
found that it doesn't work at the same
baseport address as the modem. Does
anyone have a patch that will fix this?

Eugene A . Marconi

9 Mason St.

Torrington, CT 06790

Let's Be Pen Pals

1 would like to communicate with
anyone who owns an AN-7000 mi-
crocomputer from Design Solution Inc.
to discuss common interests and/or
problems.

Dr. George Spilich

Psychology Dept.

Washington College

Chestertown, MD 21620

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DEBUg

Changing the Weather

I've discovered an error in the
"Weather Forecast" program that is
Usted in the January 1983 Feedback
Loop column (p. 400).

I typed in the data and kept receiving
a forecast that was 1 80 degrees out of
sync with my local weather forecaster.
A change in line 1 10 solves this problem:

1 10 FCS(l) = "CONTINUED LOUSY
WEATHER. NO CHANGE DUE FOR 24 TO
36 HOURS."

Rea Plowman

100 Ranchoma Court

Weatherford. TX 76086

FTOSFix

I found a few errors in the Special
Anniversary Issue.

First, lake a look at Unes 500-510 in
Robert Jacobs* "Eleaion," found on
page 148. Line 500 takes the percentage
vote gained from campaign money
spent and adds it to the Democratic
vote. Line 510 is supposed to do the
same for the Republicans, but it
doesn't. Line 510 should read as: 510
IFC$ - "R"THENRP = RP + MF:
DP=100-RP-UP.

The only other problem occurs in
Michael Pollard's article "Fast Tape
Operating System" on page 220. The
program produces a checksum error
whenever you try to read anything writ-
ten with FTOS. To correct this prob-
lem, change Une 04540 to: 04540 LD
B,27H.

Gregor Moody

10402 Basel Drive

Cheltenham, MD 20623

Make It Run Faster

The listings in Duane Hope's "New
Tricks for an Old Dog" (January 1983,
p. 200) repeat a flaw in Hinrichs'
original program.

Line 30 in both program listings has
this flaw: The DEFINT A-Z statement
precedes the clear statement. Any clear
statement not only resets all variables to
zero, but it also undoes all previous
variable declarations and makes all
variables single precision unless accom-
panied by a type declaration character.

2B • 80 Micro, May 1983

To obtain the speed improvement
caused by using only integer variables,
the DEFINT A-Z must come after the
clear statement. This simple change
greatly increases the speed of the
Hinrichs Basic Word Processor and any
other Basic program that uses integer
variables.

Winfield Smith

5825 South Blackstone Ave.

Chicago, IL 60637

A False Command

There is a case of wishful thinking
present in Michael Chuck's "CC CQ"
Program Listing 2 (December 1982, p.
200). Extended Color Basic doesn't
have an ON ERROR GOTO com-
mand. Lines 980-990 don't catch errors
because Extended Color Basic sees the
ON ERROR GOTO as ON GOTO,
which means that we aren't going
anywhere.

Golden Richard III

5815 Annunciation

New Orleans, LA 70 US

A Mistake Corrected

The "CASS-80" program listing
(February 1983, p. 152) has several
undefined line numbers. The GOSUBs
and GOTOs to these lines were acciden-
tally left in when this program was up-
dated. The correction follows. — Eds

8 GOSUB 24900

«■

3000 CLS:PRINT"Goodbye. , Want to leave a

message to the SYSOP (Y,N,A)?";

3004'

Dreidel Une Correction

There is an error in Richard Ramel-
la's "Dreidel" program (Fun House,

December 1982, p. 421). Lines 660 and
670 should be:

660 IF C < 1 GOSUB 1130: PRINT @ 768, "I
WIN.": GOTO 700

670 IF G < 1 GOSUB 1130: PRIt^ • 768.
"YOU WIN.": GOTO 700

Matthew Castelli

5302 Knole Couri, Apt. 42

Alexandria, VA 22311

Model m Merge

I have found a Tix for John Megson's
Merge program (January 1983, p. 22)
for the Model III. I changed the two oc-
currences of 114,0 to 46,2 in line 190.
114,0 is a ROM return address that
makes no sense in the Model III; 46,2
returns to Basic ready.

Russell Kincaid

II Summer St.

Milford, NH 03055

Remedy To a Problem

There has been a slight mix-up in the
program listings of my article "Colorful
Language Instruction" (Anniversary Is-
sue 1983, p. 442). Program Listing 1 has
been left out entirely. It should read:

10 PCLEAR 5
20 CLEAR 50

30CLS0:PRINT"PRE-LOAD PROGRAM.
ON THE 'OK' PROMPT, TYPE 'RUN'
AGAIN TO EXECUTE MAIN PROGRAM.";
40 CLOAD

What is labelled Program Listing 1 is
actually Program Listing 2. Page 448 is
the continuation of this second program
listing. The number 10 on the first Une is
just the continuation of line 3100 from
page 446: " . . .:GOSUB60 - 10:
GOSUB 4000..."

Dr. Alan F. Lacy

526 North I4th St.

Milwaukee, WI 53233

I Found It!

If some of you have been wondering
where the sound went in Ron Balewski's
"Casino Draw Poker" (November
1982, p. 246), I found it!

In line 1 1 180 of the Basic listing, the
first data element of the line, a 3, should

DEBUg

be changed to a 4. This critter also ap>-
pears in the Assembly listing in line
1700. In addition, the AND 3 instruc-
tion should be changed to AND 4, and
the label WT should be changed to WV
in lines 8120, 8140, and 8150.

By doing all these changes, you'll
have sound product for this program
on your Model I.

David E. White

P.O. Box 34

Menwith Hilt Station

APO, NY 09210

Don*t Jump!

Gerald Sprouse's "Mailing List
Compiler" program (January 1983, p.
126) ends on page 128. The jump line is
our mistake. We apologize for any in-
convenience this error may have caused.

—Eds.

No Longer Disabled

One of the POKE addresses in my ar-
ticle "Partially Disabled Break"

(January 1983, p. 197) is wrong in
several locations.

The value 16397 should be 163%
in line 1010 of the program listing (p.
197), and in the last three paragraphs
on page 198.

Dr. Stephen Mills

315-K Bargate Drive

Cary,NC 27511

FlexCat Lands On Its Feet

A bug exists in my "FlexCat Sort"
program (Anniversary Issue 1983, p.
264). The symptom is a Subscript out of
Range error which occurs when loading
a file solely composed of an odd
number of single-field headings.

Make the following adjustments to
correct this problem:

290 CLS: FOR X = 1 TO H STEP2: PRir^
B$(X.I);:IF X<H PRINTrAB(40) B$(X+ 1.1)
ELSE PRINT
295NEXTX

Lawrence A. Terre

1101 West Thach Ave. if 16

Auburn University. AL 36849

A Bold Correction

My hat's off to Robert Campbell for
pointing out an error in the program of
my article "To Boldly Go. . ." (Aimi-
versary Issue 1983, p. 156). Change line
2620 to:

2620 SV = SM + SE; SF = (1 + (.01672
.COS(SV.RA)MI - .0167212): SR =
149595850/SF: SO = SF. .533128: TM-SO:
SR = INT(SR); RETURN

Joey Robichaux

1036 Brookhollow

Baton Rouge. LA 70810

Put In a PEEK

There's a problem with the program
listings for my article "Disk Index Pro-
gram" (Anniversary Issue 1983, p.
546). OCTS should be changed to
PEEK in Unes 1CM60, 10470, and 10480
(p. 552).

Charles R. Perelman

9777 WilshireSlvd.. Suite 700

Beverly Hills. CA 90212

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Novice and expert alike can learn
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^^ 178

THE NEXT STEP

by Hardin Brothers

Passing values between Basic and a
machine-language routine is a sim-
ple concept but can become amazingly
complex to execute. This month, I'll
start with a simple machine-language
routine — a screen white-out — and by
modifying it, explore some of its com-
plexities.

Program Listing I is the Assembly-
language listing of the screen white-out.
The program assumes that you want to
fill the entire screen with CHR$(191),
and it does this task in only 14 bytes.
Even though the routine is relocatable,
the Basic program in Program Listing 2
assigns it to a fixed point in memory
(7F00H), protects it there, and then
calls it as a fixed -location routine.

Listing 2 produces a screen that alter-
nately flashes black and white. Since
this is not very remarkable, Til explain
how to jazz it up a bit. First, you must
change the character that is flashed on
the screen when the USR routine is
called. Second, make the USR routine
tell Basic how many times it has been
called (up to a maximum of 255 times).
Program Listing 3 is the new Assembly-
language routine, and Program Listing
4 is its Basic program.

Listings 3 and 4 show four important
programming concepts. First, if you
want to pass a single value from Basic
to a USR program, place the value in-
side the USR call's parentheses (see line
180 of Listing 4). The parentheses can
contain any number between -32768
and + 32767, a variable name that
holds such a value, or a complex expres-
sion that evaluates to a number within
that range.

Each of the following is a legitimate
call to a USR routine:

J = USR(523)

J = USR(-32743.26)

A = I300: J=USR(A)

J - USR(VARPTR(C$) + 1)

Each time Basic finds such a USR call,
it evaluates the expression in paren-
theses and places the result in a buffer in
low memory. Then it passes control to
the USR program.

Next, if your USR routine starts with
a Call to 0A7FH (Listing 3, line 180),
the value in the buffer is converted to a
signed integer (through use of the CINT
function), and the result is placed in the
HL register pair. Your machine-lan-
guage routine now has the value passed

28 • SO Micro. May 1983

LOAD 60

Exploring

screen

routines

from Basic and can work with it.

If your routine needs to pass a value
back to Basic, it must load that value in-
to the HL register pair and return to Ba-

sic by a JP 0A9AH instruction (Listing
3, line 280). The routine at 0A9AH
places the value in HL into the low
memory buffer, sets a flag to indicate
that the value is an integer, and then re-
turns control to Basic. Finally, the value
that is returned by the USR routine is
available to Basic in the variable that
was originally used to call the USR rou-
tine (J in the four examples given
above).

Passing Multiple Values

If you don't want to fill the entire
screen with a character, you can further
modify Listings 1 and 2 to fill only a
specified portion of the screen. The Ba-
sic program must pass at least three
values to the USR routine: the begin-
ning address for the screen fill, the
length of the field to fill, and the
character to use for the fill. USR only
allows one value to be passed, so you
need a new technique.

BBIBB

eeiiB

A Simple Screen White-Out

Bei2B

BB13B

7F0e

eB14B

ORG

7PBBH

7FB0 210e3C

BB15B

HL.SCBBH

7PB3 llfll3C

BB16e

DE,3CeiH

7rBG 01FFB3

eB17B

BC,B3FF13

7PB9 36BF

BBIBB

(HL) ,0BFH

TFBB EDBB

Bei9B

LDIR

7FBD C9

fl020B

RET

BBBF

Be2IB

END

BBBBB TOTAL

ERRORS

Program Listing 1

;HL"> TOP OF SCREEN
;DE"> 2ND SCREEN POS ' N
;BC-» OF SCREEW POS ' N5 -1
;WHITE TO FIRST POS ' N
;WHITE TO ALL OTHERS
jBACK TO BASIC
(THAT'S ALL

20 ' Normally, Hemory Size should be

30 * set to 32512 (7F00H) before running

40 ' this program. However, since no

50 ' strings are used, Hemory Size can be

60 ' ignored,

70 <****•••••••********•*•••••*********•••••••••**

80 '

90 FOR 1-32512 TO 32525

100 READ D: POKE I,D

110 NEXT I

120 DATA 33, 0, 60, 17, 1, 60, 1, 255

130 DATA 3, 54, 191, 237, 176, 201

140 '

150 'Now the routine is loaded into memory

160 ■

170 DEFUSR-fcH7F00 'For Tape Basic, use

POKE 16526,0: POKE 16527,127

180 CLS

190 FOR I-l TO 1B0! NEXT I

200 A-USR[0)

210 FOR I-l TO 100: NEXT I

220 GOTO 180

Program Lisling 2

"THE RESULTS ARE IMPRESSIVE. . ."

—Dennis Kitsi, 80 Microi onipulinq. 12/82

Langley-St Clair's* Soft-View^

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State-of-the-art systems such as IBM*^
and Apple III"* do not use the less costly
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actually intended for TV viewing and its
rapid strobes (60 times per second)
cause irritating eye fatigue.

fSo amount of "green plastic" will solve
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• Available In slow decay Green or medium decay
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THE NEXT STEP

TFBB
7Ffl
7PI3
7FB4
7FI7
7FiA
7FID
7FIE
7F1I
7F13
7FH
7F17

CD7F>A

21»3C

11I13C

■lPFfl3

EDBt

21157F

21I»B

C39AIA

•■>■

■■■■B TOTAL

01100

■ 0110
00120
00130
00140
00150
00160
00171
001B0
00190
00200
00210
00230
00230
00240
00250
00260
00270
00280
00290
IB300
ERRORS

Fill the screen with any given
character and report how sany titnes
(up to 255) this routine has been
called.

ORG

7Pa0B

CALL

0A7FH

A,L

aL,3C00H

DE,3C01H

BC,03FFH

(HL) ,A

LDIB

HL.COUNT+l

INC

(HL)

HL,0000B

0A9AH

END

Program Listing 3

iGET CHAR. VALUE IN HL
;XFER CHAR. TO A
]HL"> TOP OF SCREEN
)DE"> NEXT SCREQJ POS'N
;BC-I OF SCREQj POS'NS -1
jPUT CHAR. IN 1ST POS'N
INOH FILL SCREEN
jRL»-> COUNT VALUE
jINCRDtENT COUNT VALUE
jSET ORIGINAL COUNT TO
ISEND VALUE TO BASIC
}AMD RETURN

IB
2B

30
4fl
50 •«***••*•«•***********•*««•«,

60 '

70 FOR 1-32512 TO 32537

80 READ D: POKE I,D

9B NEXT I

IBB DATA 205, 127, 10, 125, 33,

110 DATA 1, 60, 1, 255, 3, 119,

120 DATA 33, 21, 127, 52, 33, 0, 0, 195, 154, 10

130 ■

'For Tape Basic use

POKE 16526,0: POKE 16527,127

Pill screen with a random character
and then report cumulative count of
number of screen fills.

0, 6B, 17
237, 176

14B DEFUSR-&H7F00

150 ■

160 CLS

170 A>-RND(255)

18B J-USR[A)

19fl FOR I-l TO 100: NEXT

20B CLS: PRINT J

21B FOR I-l TO 1B0: NEXT

220 GOTO 170

Program Listing 4

You could POKE the necessary
values directly into the USR routine
before it is called. Program Listing 5
demonstrates how to do this with the
original USR routine. Since the routine
is set at a fixed location , you can easily
determine where each value should be
POKEd.

A critical look at Listing 5, however,
shows two flaws with the POKE tech-
nique. The USR routine is only 14 bytes
long, and yet it takes seven lines
(190-250) and a total of 176 bytes of
Basic to change four values in that USR
routine. The other, less obvious flaw is
that if you modify the USR during the
debugging process, you could have to
change seven lines of Basic routine and
calculate seven new addresses.

The second problem is more easily at-
tacked than the first. Instead of POKE-
ing the values into the USR routine, the
Basic program could POKE them into a

30 • 80 mcfo, May TSad

table in some section of protected
memory. The USR routine could pick
up the values from the table, do its own
processing, and then put any values it
needs to pass back to Basic into the
same or a different table before return-
ing. Fixed-location tables are used fairly
often for passing values to both
relocatable and fixed -location USR
routines. You can use the same tables to
pass values between various USR
routines.

If you are using a fixed-location USR
routine in protected high memory, the
table will probably also be in protected
high memory. But you could use other
memory locations such as:
• Video memory^some programs use
a "window" in the screen to pass values
to a USR program. If you have a Mode!
I without a lowercase modification,
however, you are limited in the values
you can store on the screen. Also, use of

the screen as a window creates a dis-
tracting display.

• Unused low memory — several bytes
of low memory {4000H-4200H) are not
used in tape -based systems and are open
for your use, but you need a detailed
memory map to find them.

• Basic's input buffer — there is a
pointer a 40A7H and 40A8H (16551
and 16552) to a 240-byte buffer that
Basic uses to accept and tokenize new
program lines, and to analyze direct
commands. Assuming your USR rou-
tine does not Call Basic's keyboard in-
put routines, and assuming that you
won't type in data while values are be-
ing passed to or from Basic, this buffer
is an excellent choice for storing a tem-
porary table without eating into avail-
able memory.

• DOS's input buffer— some DOSes
use an input buffer separate from
Basic's (NEWDOS80 is an example).
With a little experimentation and use of
Debug (or by reading the documenta-
tion) you should be able to find the lo-
cation and use of this buffer.

• Disk Basic file buffers— when you
enter Disk Basic and specify a number
of files, a 256-byte buffer is set aside for

''Use of the screen

as a window

creates a

distracting display. "

each one. Either reserve an extra buffer,
or use an existing one when its file is
closed, as a temporary table. To find
the location of the buffer, open a file
with known contents, get the first
record, and then use Debug to search
memory for the location of the buffer.

• Below Basic — a pointer at 40A4H
and 40A5H points to the beginning of
Basic's Program Statement Table (the
Basic program). You can have as many
protected bytes of memory available as
you want by adjusting the pointer after
entering Basic but before loading your
program.

• Inside a variable string in high mem-
ory — set up a variable string (as op-
posed to a literal string) using a com-
mand like STRINGS to allot sufficient
room for the table. Your Basic program

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THE NEXT STEP

It*********************************************

Pass four values to screen-fill routine:
Beginnning of field (32513,32514)
Beginning of field + 1 (32516,32517)
Length of field (32519,32520)
Character for fill (32522)

18
20
30
40
50
60
70

90 POR 1-32512 TO 32525

100 READ D: POKE I,D

110 NEXT I

120 DATA 33, 0, 60, 17, 1, 60, 1, 255

130 DATA 3, 54, 191, 237, 176, 201

140 '

150 DEFUSR-&H7F00 'For Tape Basic use

POKE 16526,0; POKE 16527,127

160 T-RND(1023)-t-15359

170 L-RKD(16383-T)

180 C-RND(255)

190 POKE 32513, T-256*(INT{T/256))

200 POKE 32514, INT(T/256)

210 POKE 32516, (T+l)-256*(INT({T+l)/256))

220 POKE 32517, INT( {T+l)/256)

230 POKE 32519, L-256*(INT(L/256)}

240 POKE 32520, INT(L/256)

250 POKE 32522, C

260 J-USR{0)

270 FOR I-l TO 100: NEXT

280 CLS

290 FOR I-l TO 100: NEXT

300 GOTO 160

Program Listing 5

7FBB
7F00

ire*

7FB7
7PaA
7F8D
7F1B
7F13
7FH
7F15
7F16
7F17
7F19
BBBB
BBBB

aaiH J

Bill! t

01120 I

00130 ;

00140 J

I01S0 I

00160 1

BB17B ;
BBIBB
DD2AF940 0B190
DD6E:F8 B0200

Scieen-fill routine using a
fixed-location table to receive
values from Basic.
Table is located in REM statement
in last line of Basic Ptograin

DD66F9
DD4EFA
DD4eFB

DD7EFC

EDB0

BSZIB
e022B
B0230
BB24B
00250
0B26B
B027B
B02BB
BB290
BBIBB
BB31B
TOTUi ERRORS

ORG

LD
LD
LD
LD
LD
LD
PUSH

POP
IMC

LDIR
RET
END

7Fa0i<

IX,(4BF9K]

L,(I){-8)

Cdx-s)

B,(IX-5)

A,(IX-4)

(HL) ,A

;IX">TO END OF PROGRAM

jHL-STABTlWG ADDRESS

IBC-LENGTH TO PILL
(CHAR. FOR FILL
(MOVE VALUE TO
( DE

(DE-START ADDR. + 1
iSET 1ST POSITION
lAND SET THEM ALL
(RETURN TO BASIC

Program Listing 6

can locate the string using the VARPTR
command and can pass the string's ad-
dress to the USR routine. Do not store
the values in a literal string; any zero
byte causes a syntax error if you stop the
program and try to run it again.
• Inside a REM statement — make the
last hne of your Basic program a REM
statement including enough asterisks
(or any other character) to save suffi-
cient bytes for your table. The table can
then end at the address pointed to by
40F9H-4 and 40FAH-4 and work
backward toward the beginning of the
REM statement. (You can store up to
234 bytes in the REM statement with no

danger of the bytes being overwritten.)
Before running your program, Save or
CSAVE it to avoid any problems with
zero bytes in the table.

Bytes of zero in a REM statement or
literal string cause problems, because
the Basic interpreter reads any zero as
an end-of-line marker. When the inter-
preter comes across a zero in a line, it
assumes that the next 4 bytes are the
pointer to the next line and the line
number. It continues interpreting 5
bytes past the zero. A zero at the end of
a line causes the interpreter to become
out of sync with the program; errors in
non-existent lines will probably result.

32 • 80 Micro, May 1983

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Sort & Print Labels

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4:18 min.

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80 Micro, May 1983 • 33

THE NEXT STEP

10 '

20 '

30 '

40 '

50 '

60 '

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

I***************************************
' Pass three values (5 bytes total) to
' USR routine by poking them Into REM
' atat«nent in laat line of program

•* Type Last Line exactly as shown.

** SAVE or CSAVE program BEFORE running.

FOR 1-32512 TO 32537

READ Di POKE I,D

NEXT I

DATA 221, 42, 249, 64, 221, 110, 24B

DATA 221, 102, 249, 221, 78, 250, 221

DATA 7B, 251, 221, 126, 252, 229, 209

DATA 19, 119, 237, 176, 201

DEFUSR-&H7F0E] 'For Tape Basic use

POKE 16526,0: POKE 16527,127

'S— > LAST LINE OF BASIC

190 5-PEEK [16 633) +256 *PEEK (16634)

200 T-RND(1023)+15359

210 L-RND{16383-T1

220 C-RND(255)

230 POKE S-B,T-256*(INT(T/256))

240 POKE S-7,INT(T/256)

250 POKE S-6,L-256*(INT(L/256))

260 POKE S-5,INT{L/256)

27B POKE S-4,C

280 J-USR(0]

290 FOR I-l TO 100: NEXT

300 CLS

310 FOR I-l TO 100! NEXT

320 GOTO 200

330 END 'Do not let the interpreter see the next line

340 REM*****

Program Listing 7

Program Listing 6 and Program List-
ing 7 show how to set up and use a table.
This table is stored in the REM state-
ment in line 280 of Listing 7. As you can
see, the technique is straightforward but
still does not make programming easier
nor help you use memory efficiently.

Use of Integer Arrays

Perhaps the easiest and most efficient
way to pass multiple values between
Basic and a USR routine is to set up a
table in an integer array in Basic. Each
element of the array should hold a
2-byte integer value. You can find the
address of the array and pass it to the
USR routine with the VARPTR func-
tion. For an array, W%{x), VARPTR
(V<l?o(0)) returns the address of the first
element of the array; the other elements
are in successive memory locations.

Program Listing 8 and Program
Listing 9 show how the technique is
used. Notice how much more easily you
can handle the values to be passed in
Listing 9 than those in Listing 7. This
simplicity is the great advantage of us-
ing an integer array. The disadvantage

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THE NEXT STEP

is thai every time Basic has lo shuffle its
valuables around in memory, the table
must also be moved. If you have more
than 30 or 40 byles of integer-array
tables, your program becomes sluggish
(one cure: define all variables at the be-
ginning of the Basic program so that
none are ever moved in memory).

In all the techniques discussed this
month, your programs are limited to
passing integer values (-32768 to
+ 32767 or OOOOH-OFFFFH) between
Basic and a USR routine. There are
ways to pass single and double precision
values, but they are much more com-
plicated. The simplest is to pass the ad-
dress of the variable that holds the value
and have your USR program access the
value accordingly. In general, integer
values will meet most of your require-
ments — let Basic do the complicated
number crunching.

For Model III Users

Model in TRSE)OS's Debug doesn't
let you examine or change memory lo-
cations below 56(X)H. This protection
scheme is merely an annoyance, be-

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C. ITOH F-10 ($59)

BROTHER HR-1 (M9t

SMITH CORONA TP-1 ($49)

EPSON MX-80/MX-100 (S59)

OKIOATA MICROLINE 82A/93A ($49)

RADIO SHACK LINE PRINTER V ($«i)

OKIOATA MICROLINE 92/93 ($59)

OKIDATA MICROLINE S4 <$S9)

C. ITOH PROWRITER ($59)

BYTEWRITER ($49)

SOON - NEC, PRISM, QUME, etc.

No Hidden Charoes lor Shipping, Handling, or

Credit Card!!

WE SUPPORT WHAT WE SELL!!

Wfl wi« answer any questions related lo lettmg
up your word processing system.

Additional Printer Drivers Available — Call

Mall I Phon* Ord«ra AecKi*d

ALPS

_____ 23 Angus Road' __^__

Warran, New JaraayOTDN PH*

■^374

201 - 647-7230

cause you can always use an LDIR in-
struction to move any blocic of memory
into visible range. The following
patches to Debug let you view all of
RAM and ROM (try them on a backup
disk first):

PATCH .5 (ADD = 4ED9.FIND = 0056.

CHG=0000)

PATCH .5 (ADD = 4EFF,FIND = 0056,

CHG=O0O0)

PATCH •StADD
CHG=0000|

.*i068.FIND=0056,

These changes work on TRSDOS ver-
sions 1.2 and 1.3.B

IVrite to Hardin Brolhers, c/o 80
Micro, orconlaci him through Compu-
Serve. His email address is 72165, 735.

7Faa

7FBB CDTFBA
7FB3 E5
7F84 DDEl

7Fe6 DD6eee

7Fe9 DD6601

7FBC DD4EB2

7FBF DD46fl3

7F1Z EID7EB4

7Fl!i E5
7F16 □!
7F17 13
7Fia 77
7F19 EDBB

7F1B C9

BB00

BBBSe TOTAL

BBIBB

BBllB
BB12S
0B13B
eel4B
00150
0016B
00170
BBISB
00190
0B2B0
B0210
00220
O023B
0024B

ee25B

BB2eB
B027e

BB2ae

BB29B
0B3BB
B031B
B032B
B033B
Ba34B
003^0
00360
00370
00380
0390

ERRORS

Screen-fill routine using a

relocalLable table to receive

values from Basic.
Table is in an integer array;

its location is passed here

by USR call

ORG 7F0BH

CALL 0A7FH

PUSH HL

POP IX

LD L,(IXtfl)

LD H,(IX*1)

LD C,(IX*2)

LD B,(IX*3)

LD A,[IX*4)
;Notice in line 270 that

; tlie I.SB IS used in the

PUSH HL

POP DE

INC DE

LD [HL) ,A
LDIR

Values could now be retu
Ctie same inteqet array

the addcess of the arra
RET
END

Program Listing 8

;GET ADDR. OF TABLE
jADDfi. ON STACK
! IX-«>TABLE

;HL-STARTISG ADDRESS

jBC-LENGTH TO FILL
!A«CHARACTER FOR FILL
for a one-byte value, only
transfer

TEIANSFER ADDR. TO

DE REG. PAIR
DE-START ADDR. +1
SET 1st POSITION
AND SET THEM ALL

rned to Basic through
— IX still holds

; RETURN TO BASIC

■•*•***************«***•*******••*••**

' Pass three values to USR Scceen-Fill

' routine through an integer array* V*(x)

' V%Cfl) = Address for start of fill

' V%(1J = Length of field to fill

' V%C2) = Character to use for fill
*************************************

80 ■

90 FOR 1=32512 TO 32539

100 READ D: POKE I,D

110 NEXT I

120 DATA 205, 127, 10, 229, 221, 225, 221

130 DATA 110, 0, 221, 102, 1, 221, 78

140 DATA 2, 221, 70, 3, 221, 126, 4

150 DATA 229, 209, 19, 119, 237, 176, 2B1

160 ■

170 DEFUSR=&H7F00 'For Tape Basic use

POKE 16526,0: POKE 16527,127

180 DIM V*(2)

190 T=RND(1023)+15359

200 L=RHD{16383-T)

210 C=RND(255)

220 V%(0)=T

230 V%(1)=L

240 V«(2)=C

250 J-USR(VARPTR(V%(0)] )

260 FOR I-l TO 100: NEXT

270 CLS

280 FOR 1=1 TO 100: NEXT

290 GOTO 190

Program Listing 9

36 • 80 Micro. May 1983

MAILING LIST
SYSTEM $89.95

For TRS-80;Tandv Trade Mark] Model land III

We proudly present here what fnany consider to be the most
powerful and versatile mailing list system on the market today- It
is primarily written in BASIC with embedded machine code for
the speed sensitive areas This makes our system easy to modify,
yet extremely fast Our system is specifically configured to run
on floppy disk drives Some other maior systems, run on floppies
but are really intended for use on hard disk drives To get the real
benefit of such a system, one usually has to purchase expanded
track/density disk drives and even then a problem occurs when
all the drives are filled with data We have neatly solved this
problem by allowing your data disks to be maintained in
continuous order even though, due to limitations of your drives,
the list is too large to all be "on line" at one time. Thus our
system accomodates extremely large lists usmg your existing
drives and yet avoids the "segmented" data problems of the hard
disk approach

• Simple to use. ..even for the novice

• Permits 2260 names on-line with 40 track dbl density drives
and almost 5000 names with 80 track drives 35 track single
density drives permit 1025 on-line entries

• Super fast sort by alp or zip order (8 sec for 1000 entries)
both orders can exist simultaneously on disk

• High speed recovery of entries from disk speed of sort is
meaningless if retrieval from disk is slow ours pulls in over 8
per sec!

• Optionally supports a second address line

• Transfers old files over to our system -^^^^^^^H LOOK!

• Zip order is "sub-alphabetized "

• Less than 5 digit zips have leading O's appended

• Supports 9 digit zips, Carudian zips, and foreign abbrev

• Backup data disks are easily updated as entries are created,
edited, or sorted, extremely useful!!

• Optional reversal of names about commas This permits disk
storage in last-name-first order to facilitate meaningful alph
order while the printout will be in "natural" order.

• Permits telephone, account, and/or serial numbers, etc

• Prints on envelopes or on labels, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 across

• Test label/envelope printing lets you make horizontal and
vertical adjustments with ease.

• Master printout of your list in several formats (not just a re-
hash of the labels) extremely useful

• Selective printing by specific zips or by zip range

• Editing IS simple and fast direct access or automatic search

Batch transfer of edited entries to backup disks

• Optionally provides for duplicate labels to be printed

• Deleted entries have "holes" on disk filled automatically and
alph order is still maintained'

• System adjusts to any DOS

• Our automatic repeat feature allows often used names/ad-
dresses to be entered with a single key stroke

• Load and "scroll"/edit through entries on disk.

• All labels optionally support an "ATTN." line with provisions
for multiple entries

• Plenty of user defined fields with various options for simul-
taneously purging and selecting the printout., even allows for
inequalities powerful and easy to use

• All O's in address labels are replaced by easier to read O's

• Contmuous display of number of labels/envelopes printed

• Each disk entry automatically "remembers" how many mail-
ings have been made tor that particular entry Can be tied in
with purge/select

• Extensive assortment of extra cost options for customized
master list printout (in addition to the standard 'one men-
tioned above), transfer of entries between disks, summary
reports, and "publisher's" type multiple list label printouts

• Continuing expert support just a phone call away You will be
able to discuss your problems/modifications with the authors.

^» Hardware requirements. 32K, printer and 1 or 2 drives

FORM LETTER ( '"Jlar.u"^** ) $39,95

Create letters and store on disk with provisions for later retrieval
and additions Then print the letters using your mailing list.

• Same select and purge features as mailing list system.

• Select either continuous fanfold or "cut sheet" paper

• Selectable tabing, test printing, and paging

• Allows regular or legal size pages

• Greetings are selectable by codes on mailing list Options
include Mr./Mrs , First/Last Name, global, or user defined

SIGN (Supplied on tape, can be transferred to disk] $19.95

Produce large (reduced 50% here] attention getting signs

■■it<,4;s..

in:iTi:T

MM'

■ t

.«llHt<

" '.'

ntnTiii

»'

■.t -.t

■ t

•><■

:< ..

li.

«SSSSSK

ti*

;44««>M«

■--■ u

'SS5WS*

uionti

ri-

'.1

;■.■

l-^i:""'-

Mfxau'

L...lL„L

.iotrnj. iiiaiiM

SUPER CALENDAR (Supplied on tape only] $19.95

Prints out calendars of individual months of years ranging from
1583 to any lime in the future. Standard banker's holidays are
noted Additionally prints out large "graphics" type wall
calendars with memos under each day.. Use as a planning
calendar with optional disk storage Requires 16K and a printer

Football Scouting Report (Diskoniy) $89.95

Allows coaches to scout opponents up to 5 times in advance and
then reliably predict their actions

Loan Amortization ( ^l^f^V^^^ J $29.95

Achieves pin point accuracy with a built in calendar This
sophisticated program produces an exceptionally professional
looking printout that includes yearly summaries as well as
"totals-to-date".. Several options for calculating interest includ-
ing one that pushes the payment date ahead to the next business
day if the regular pay date falls on a weekend or holiday
Hardware requirements. Model I or III, 16K, and a printer

FAST SORT

and

ALPHABETIZER

[Disk only] $29.95

Interfaces to your own basic
programs, sort with the speed of
machine code but with the con-
venience of basic. Use your disk
to merge our short basic programs _

(with embedded machine code) with your own basic program
Follow simple instructions to set up a sort of string, integer,
single, or double precision arrays (also ascending or descending
order) Sample sort time ■ 8 sec. for 1000 dbl prec numbers.
Also included is a ready to use basic program. Use it to obtain a
printout of alphabetized names

Hin mil Mdilin^ Lisl Sv\tfni jnd pririr-
li'lItT ()plii)n tdgi'thct ,ind net niji Siipt r
( .ilcnd.ii jnd Sign pf untjiii'. jbsi.li.jteK

M-iilinj; list Sv^leni
\ (irm letter

Model I or III?

Total (Add J5 00 for Shippings, H»ndlin()

Ch«k D COD D Viii LJ
Card No /Exp

City, State, & Zip

RKCISION 1 KOrOIM'I.S '
I bO~ Vmbacion RetuRif*. Tx. "837" ;SUl=>2f>-4~58

FREE!

Super ( ,)U<ndjr

-S»» List ot Advertisers on Page 371

80 Micro. May 1983 • 37

COMMANDER BD

by Jake Commander

What is this thing called Radio
Shack?

That's an interesting question and
serves to highlight what an enigma
the organization represents to many
people — including myself. For heaven's
sake don't read this column in antici-
pation of me taking [K>t shots at those
guys in Texas. I'd just like to voice a few
feelings and see if anyone out there feels
as I do.

The only way I'll know that, of
course, is if you write. In fact, it was a
letter to our Input column that prompt-
ed my pen's direction this month.

The letter's author, Golden Richard
III, took issue with some of the things 1
said in my January column. I predicted
that Tandy's Color Computer won't be
successful in Britain because it costs
more than its competitor, The Dragon.

Mr. Richard said that I had "foamed
at the mouth at the thought of Tandy
getting burned," and that this attitude
"makes it seem that TRS-80 users don't
have such a great magazine after all."
He also told our staff that "I'm not ex-
ulted with Tandy's policies, but they did
give us the TRS-80 and if you don't ap-
preciate that, you should start a maga-
zine for users of some other micros."

I'm rather concerned that the tone of
my column conveyed the wrong senti-
ments about my feelings toward Radio
Shack. E>id I really sound that carnivo-
rous in my tirade against the Shack? I
don't think I foamed at the mouth;
maybe I just drooled a bit. I don't want
to see them get burned. I've made a fair
living from the TRS-80 and no way am I
ungrateful to the guys at Fort Worth for
making that machine a success.

To be specific about my Dragon arti-
cle: I was aiming my comments more at
the English arm of Tandy. And I don't
want to see them get burned either. But
I would like to see them learn a lesson.

All this stems from my love for the
TRS-80. When I first bought one for
$400 in America and relumed to En-
gland with it under my ann, I was ap-
palled to see that a minimum system
there was $1000. Give me a break. No-
body in England was going to pay that
when the PET was about half the price.
Result? The PET walked aU over the
TRS-80's market. The same would have
happened here, as well, if the price
structure had been similar.

Now what do I see four years later?

38 • so Micro. May 1983

i%rf'

What is

Tandy,

anyway?

The TRS-80 Color Computer being of-
fered for inflated prices in the U.K. and
The Dragon coming along at a much
more reasonable price. Deja vu! You
don't get a prize to see that The Dragon
is going to give the Shack a hard time
and all because of the peculiar notion
that people in England can afford to
pay more than their richer U.S. cousins.
Please Radio Shack, I wouldn't mind
seeing TRS-80s take over the world, and
if 1 have to shout at you through my col-
umn to help achieve that, then I'll do it
and risk unpopularity.

So how come Radio Shack is so often
seen in the role of the bad guy? Are they
really the bad guys? Or are they one
heck of a huge Texan corporation that
comes over as a soulless business ma-
chine? I lean toward the latter.

Two years ago we had the pleasure of
a visit from two Tandy bigwigs: Ed
Juge and Bill Walters. No baloney, it
really was pleasurable. We all met in
Wayne Green's office and shot the
breeze for a good two hours. The
magazine's editors took the stance of
asking questions from what we saw as

the reader's point of view, and the Tan-
dy executives answered as best they
could.

It was good fun. We'd ask some
questions about new models, and
they'd tell us as much as possible with-
out overstepping their corporate au-
thority. That was the challenge: to ask
them questions in such a way that they
could imply answers instead of having
to refuse to answer or give away top-
secret information.

We ended up with a lot of respect for
those two gentlemen — and a couple of
headaches too. A session requiring that
much diplomacy in the dog-eat-dog
world of magazine fact-finding can be a
gruelling trial. Anyhow, the final im-
pression was that Tandy can't be all
bad. In the course of publishing a
TRS-80 magazine, we gel to talk (direct-
ly or otherwise) with certain people at
Fort Worth and they're a nice bunch of
people.

So much for the bricks and mortar of
the place. Here's where a weird illusion
occurs. As you step back from the per-
sonnel from which the Tandy Corpora-
tion is built, it suddenly takes on gigan-
tic proportions and acquires the image
of a faceless mass. It's this faceless
mass, this huge bureaucratic machine,
that instigates the negative reactions
from so many people, including grate-
ful customers.

I've yet to meet anyone who enjoys
dealing with organizations like the IRS
or Customs and Excise. Have you ever
tried doing business with a large corpo-
ration with its never-ending hierarchy of
people, all afraid to make a firm deci-
sion? It is a royal pain in the neck.
Radio Shack is inadvertently presenting
two images: it comprises nice, ordinary
people, and yet it is a massive corpora-
tion that treads on anyone who gets in
its way.

O.K. Now don't gel upset. This is all
a personal viewpoint. I'm not sure what
happens when I take a pxJt shot at Tan-
dy (albeit for good reasons). Do I kick a
building or smack one of the bricks in
the eye? One I don't feel bad about, the
other I do. I'd enjoy hearing what other
folks think. I'm not in this to take a
swipe at Fort Worth, but, even if I were,
I'm still not quite sure what it is I'd be
swiping at.

Would the real Radio Shack now
stand up? ■

the Color Computer Word Processor

3 display formats: 51/64/85

columns x 24 lines

True lower case characters

User-friendly full-screen

editor

Right justification

Easy hyphenation

Drives any printer

Embedded format and

control codes

Runs in 16K, 32K, or 64K

Menu-driven disk and

cassette I/O

No hardware modifications

required

IIIKORI(,INAI.

Simply stated, Telewriter is the most powerful
word processor you can buy for the TRS-80
Color Computer. The original Telewriter has
received rave reviews in every major Color
Computer and TRS-80 magazine, as well as
enthusiastic praise from thousands of satisfied
owners. And rightly so.

The standard Color Computer display of 32
characters by 16 lines without lower case is
simply inadequate for serious word processing.
The checkerboard letters and tiny lines give you
no feel for how your writing looks or reads.
Telewriter gives the Color Computer a 51
column by 24 line screen display with Irue
lower case characters. So a Telewriter screen
looks like a printed page, with a good chunk of
text on screen at one time. In fact, more on
screen text than you'd get with Apple II, Atari,
TI, Vic or TRS-80 Model III.

On top of that, the sophisticated Telewriter
full-screen editor is so simple to use, it makes
writing fun. With single-letter mnemonic
commands, and menu-driven I/O and
formatting, Telewriter surpasses all others for
user friendliness and pure power.

Telewriter's chain printing feature means that
the size of your text is never limited by the
amount of memory you have, and Telewriter's
advanced cassette handler gives you a powerful
word processor without the major additional
cost of a disk.

. . . one of the best programs for ihe Color
Computer I have seen...

— Color Computer News, Jan, 1982

IKI KWRITKR-64

But now we've added more power to
Telewriter. Not just bells and whistles, but
major features that give you total control over
your writing. We call this new supercharged
version Telewriter -64. For two reasons.

64K ( OMPAIIBIi:

Telewriter-64 runs fully in any Color Computer
— 16K, 32K, or 64K. with or without Extended
Basic, with disk or cassette or both. It
automatically configures itself to take optimum
advantage of all available memory. That means
that when you upgrade your memory, the
Telewriter-64 text buffer grows accordingly. In
a 64K cassette based system, for example, you
get about 40K of memory to store text. So you
don't need disk or FLEX to put all your 64K
to work immediately.

64(OI IMNS (AM) 851)

Besides the original M column screen,
Telewriter-64 now gives you 2 additional high-
density displays: 64 X 24 and 85 X 24!! Both
high density modes provide all the standard
Telewriter editing capabilities, and you can
switch instantly to any of the 3 formats with a
single control key command.
The 51 X 24 display is clear and crisp on the
screen. The two high density modes are more
crowded and less easily readable, but they are
perfect for showing you the exact layout of
your printed page, all on Ihe screen al one
lime. Compare this with cumbersome
"windows" that show you only fragments at a
time and don't even allow editing.

RICiHT Jl STIFICATION &
HVPHKNATION

One outstanding advantage of the full-width
screen display is that you can now set the
screen width to match the width of your
printed page, so that "what you sec is what
you get." This makes exact alignment of
columns possible and it makes hyphenation
simple.

Since short lines are the reason for the large
spaces often found in standard right justified
text, and since hyphenation is the most
effective way to eliminate short lines,
Telewriter-64 can now promise you some of the
best looking right justification you can get on
the Color Computer.

FKATl RKS & SPKC IHt ATIONS:

Printing and formatting: Drives any printer
(LPVII/VIII, DMP-lOO/200. Epson, Okidata,
Centronics, NEC, C. Itoh, Smith-Corona,
Terminet, etc).

Embedded control codes give full dynamic access lo
intelligent primer features like: underlining,
subscript, superscript, variable font and type size, dot-
graphics, etc.

Dynamic (embedded) format controls for; lop,
bottom, and left margins; line length, lines per page,
line spacing, new page, change page numbering,
conditional new page, enable /disable justification.
Menu-driven control of these parameters, as well as:
pause at page bottom, page numbering, baud rate (so
you can run your printer at top speed), and Epson
font. "Typewriter" feature sends typed lines directly
to your printer, and Direct mode sends control codes
right from the keyboard. Spedal Epson driver
simplifies use with MX-80.

Supports single and mulll-linc headers and automatic
centering. Print or save all or any section of the text
buffer. Chain print any number of files from cassette
or disk.

Flic and I/O Features: ASCII format nies —
create and edit BASIC, Assembly, Pascal, and C
programs. Smart Terminal files (for uploading or
downloading), even text files from other word
processors. Compatible with spelling checkers (like
Spell 'n Fix).

Ca.ssctie verify command for sure saves. Cassette auto-
retry means you type a load command only once no
matter where you are in the tape.
Read in, save, partial save, and append files with disk
and/or cassette. For disk: print directory with free
space 10 screen or printer, kill and rename files, set
default drive. Easily customized to the number of
drives in the system.

Editing features: Fast, full-screen editor with
wordwrap, block copy, block move, block delete, line
delete, global search and replace (or delete), wild card
search, fast auio-repeai cursor, fast scrolling, cursor
up, down, right, left, begin line, end line, top of text,
bottom of text; page forward, page backward, align
text, tabs, choice of buff or green background,
complete error protection, line counter, word counter,
space left, current file name, default drive in effect,
set line length on screen.

Insert or delete text anywhere on the screen without
changing "modes." This fast "free-form" editor
provides maximum ease of use. Everything you do
appears immediately on the screen in front of you.
Commands require only a single key or a single key
plus CLEAR,

...truly a stale of the art word processor..
outstanding in every respect.

— The RAINBOW, Jan. 1982

PROIKSSIONAI.
WORD PROCKSSINC;

You can no longer afford to be without the
power and efficiency word processing brings to
everything you write. The TRS-80 Color
Computer is the lowest priced micro with the
capability for serious word processing. And
only Telewriter-64 fully unleashes that
capability.

Telewriter-64 costs $49.95 on cassette, S59.95
on disk, and comes complete with over 70
pages of well-written documentation. (The slep-
by-step tutorial will have your writing with
Telewriter-64 in a matter of minutes,)
To order, send check or money order to;

Cognitec

704 Nob Ave.

Del Mar, CA 92014

f- 121

Or check your local software store. If you have

questions, or would like to order by Visa or
Mastercard, call us at (619) 755-1258
(weekdays, 8AM-4PM PST), Dealer inquiries
invited.

(Add S2 lor shipping. Californians add 6'/i Hate lax Allow 2
wccki for pergonal checks. Send self -addressed siarnpcd
envelop* (or Telewriler rciicws frorr CCN, RAINBOW.
80-Micra, 80-U,S. Tclewri\er owners: send SASt or call for
intorrnalion on upgrading lo Tdewrilcr-M. [clewriicr-
compatiblc spelling checker (Spell "n Fill and Smarl Terminal
program (Colorcom 't) alM available, tali iii write for more
information 1

Apple n IS a Lrademark ol Apple Computer, Inc : Alan is a
trademark of Atari. Inc.: TRS-HO is a lrademark of Tand^
Corp; MX-80 is a trademark of iipson America, Inc

A 50,000 word dictionary

PELLI

that can even SPELL, with dictionary display and automatic correction

KEU

Automatic

UYPUEMMmM

TYL

Even Looks up Correct Spellings for you!

Electric
Webster

The "Cadillac" of Spelling Checkers!
80 Microcomputing, 9/82

• SIMPLE Past Operation

• EASY ' Key Corrections

• RATED #' By 80 Microcomputing Readers

• JUDGED r: In Review After Review

Integrates into 7 different word processing programs,
(SuperScripsit, Scripsit, Newscript, Lazy Writer, p^lectric
Pencil, Copy Art, Superscript) You need only press a key
and in moments, Klectric Webster can actually be saving,
proofing, correcting and hyphenating your text— all
automatically. You can view words in context, or add them
to your dictionary at the stroke of a key. If you think you
know the correct spelling of a word, E W will check it for you
before it makes the corrections. If you don't know, EW will
look up the correct spelling for you, and display the
dictionary. In as little as 30 seconds. Electric Webster can
return you to your Word Processing program, with your
text fully corrected and on your screen.

If this sounds too good to believe, you don't need to take our
word for it. Take the word of the thousands of 80 Micro
readers who voted Electric Webster the "l spelling checker.
Take the word of the scores of professional software
reviewers who have raved about Electric Webster. Or. ask
your local computer or software dealer for a demonstration,
and see for yourself!

LOW PRICES— Add features as you need them:
SpelHng Checker $89.99 (TRS-8b)/$149.50 (CP M)
Spelling Correction $59.99 — includes correction,

dictionary lookup and 6 word processing integrations.
Grammatical Checking $49.99
Hyphenation $49.99

ACCLAIMED IN REVIEW AFTER REVIEW:

MICROPROOF (EW's predecessor);

"There is simply no finer program available . . ."
Creative Computing. March 1982

"This is a very useful product and should be obtained by
anyone who uses a word processor." 80 Microcomputing,
August 1981

"The summary review of this program? One word-
Excellent."

Computronics, September 1981

AND NOW ELECTRIC WEBSTER:

My spelling book is now gathering dust. Electric Webster
not only checks spelling, displays words in context and
corrects errors in the text, but it will also immediately take
you to the right place in a 50,000 word dictionary so you can
check the correct spelling for yourself"
Info World. August 1982

"In my opinion, the perfect combination is Correcting
Electric Webster with the hyphenation and grammar
add-ons. To my surprise, it fills every reasonable expecta-
tion. It is fast, easy to use and accurate."
Desktop Computing, December 1982

"Actually, Electric Webster is faster than its predecessor
(Microproof). . . and spelling corrections are immediately
verified against the dictionary before being accepted. . ."
Microcomputing. September 1982

"Electric Webster is the Cadillac of vocabulary

pro-ams. . . If I could only have one. it would be Electric

Webster.

'80 Microcomputing. September 1982

The Ultimate
PROOFING
SYSTEM

CORNUCOPIA SOFTWARE

Post Office Box 6111 Albany, California 94706 • (415) 524-8098

40 • 80 Micro, May 1983

•^«

Scanned by Ira Goldklang - www trs-80 com

THE COLOR KEY

by Scott Norman

Last month, I described the use of
Ben Stokes' Homebase program
for text processing. The package's data
management facility is its best feature,
so I'll describe some of my experiences
with it.

Homebase — Part II

I should repeat that Homebase
(Homebase Computer Systems, P.O.
Box 3448, Durham, NC 27702) is in-
tended for a 32K, single-disk -drive Col-
or Computer system. It uses nested
menus and there are strong family re-
semblances between the text and data-
management command suites.

A data file can contain up to 250
records of 255 bytes or less. Records
and individual fields are accessed by
user-assigned names, and there are
rather complete facilities for editing,
and for sorting and selecting records
and fields.

For each data file, Homebase creates
an ASCII disk file with a /dat exten-
sion, plus a binary /ndx index file. Only
the latter is manipulated in sorting
operations, thus increasing speed and
conserving storage. Selection can be on
the basis of either names or data values;
this contributes greatly to the program's
flexibility.

Homebase recognizes seven kinds of
data fields, plus a comment field for
straight text. Because of the specific
nature of the stock data fields, it's ad-
visable to spend a little time with pencil
and paper before you attack the key-
board. That's the surest way to get the
most out of the system.

There are seven types of available
data fields. The first is Amount, which
is always printed with a dollar sign, two
decimaJ places, and commas. Up to
nine digits are allowed, and this much
room is set aside whenever the fields are
printed out.

Code contains any five keyboard
characters, and identification is used for
nine-digit numbers without decimal
places. The Other field is for a nine-digit
number with two decimal places. Only
Amount and Other fields can be used in
calculations.

Date is always printed in MM/DD/
YY format. Telephone numbers are
treated as seven-digit numbers with a
dash between the third and fourth
figures: XXX-XXXX. Finally, Time-

High-end

CoCo
managers

of-Day fields are handled in hours/
minutes format.

These predefined field types are a
great help in setting up a data base. The
restriction to A and O fields for calcula-
tions isn't too much of a handicap,
although there are times when it would
be useful lo subtract Date fields to find
time intervals.

I concocted Projects, a fictitious data
base representing the kind of data ma-
nipulation used in R & D (research and
development) project management.
Projects is elementary in terms of the
amount of information it contains, but
it provides a useful framework for
describing Homebase's features.

My design for Projects required five
data fields for project budgets, amounts
already spent, the dates of the expen-
diture reports, the corresponding ex-
penditures predicted by some fictional
business plan, and the variances (dif-
ferences between predictions and reali-
ty). The financial fields were Type A
(Amounts), while the "As Of" items
were Type D (Dates).

Each record was given a name (Pro-
ject 100, for example) that was used for
all further manipulations. Record
names are not assigned one of the seven
predefined data types.

Each Homebase data field requires 5
bytes, so the space available for a com-
ment field is 255 minus (five times the
number of data fields). The program
prompts you for the space you actually
want, however, and I chose to limit
comments to 80 characters. Comments

are printed as the last field in a data-
base listing.

After setting up the framework of my
data base, I loaded values for every-
thing except the variances. I found these
by using Homebase's Calculations op-
tion. The option isn't too versatile; it
allows you to perform the four elemen-
tary mathematical operations on fields
or records and to copy fields.

Subtraction was all I needed for this
example, and the Calculations menu
prompted me for the data-field names
necessary to perform:

Expended - Forecast = Variance

This formula shows projects that are
over budget as having a positive variance.

Homebase also provides for up to 24
miscellaneous fields that serve as
scratch pads to store constants and in-
termediate results in more elaborate
calculations.

Figure I shows how Projects looked
after the variance calculation. You can
also get on-screen listings of an in-
dividual data item, a complete record,
or a complete field. The asterisk-
outlined header is standard for printed
listings; note the date of file creation
and the user-specified page number.

Two 255-characler lines are available
for the title, and one logical line can be
divid«l into a number of physical lines.
For example, everything between PRO-
JECTS and HOMEBASE is part of one
title line. Print-control options include
suppressing the header, field names,
and record names.

Since 1 have an 80-column printer,
the comment field wraps around at the
end of each line. This, plus the fixed-
field widths and lack of separation be-
tween data fields, makes Homebase list-
ings rather difficult to read unless
special precautions are taken. Fortu-
nately, Homebase permits the user to
specify a character as a field separator,
and you can selectively delete fields
from a printed listing to enhance
readability.

To demonstrate some of Homebase's
data-manipulation capabilities, I pre-
pared a miniature version of a report
abstracted from a larger data base. The
concept was an exception report that in-
forms a manager of any over-budget

80 Micro, May 1983 • 41

THE COLOR KEY

■12/05/82.

.PAGE 1

PROJECTS

AN ELEME^4TARY PROJECT CONTROL APPLICATION

OF "HOMEBASE"

BY SCOTT L. NORMAN

BUDGET

OMMENT

PROJECT 100 $ 500,000.00

W PROCESS DEVELOPMENT #1

PROJECT 200 $ 1.200,000.00

LOT LINE UPGRADE

PROJECT 300 $ 650,000.00

OSED 11/15/82

PROJECT 400 $ 75,000.00

B MODIFICATIONS— LATE START

PROJECT 500 S 1,500,000.00

BCONTRACT

EXPENDED

AS OF

FORECAST

VARIANCE

$ 250.000.00

12/01/82

225.000.00

25,000.00

$ 355.000-00

12/01/82

375,000.00

-20.000,00

$ 663,985.79

11/15/82

650,000.00

13.985.79

S 60,000.x

11/30/82

65,000.00

-5,000.00

$ 1,200,000.00

11/01/82

1,200,000.00

Fig. /. The Complete Projects Printout

projects (those with positive variances).

After saving Projects on disk, I used
the program's Select option to find any
records with variances between $0.01
and $9,999,999.99. I could have speci-
fied any numerical limits.

Next, I specified that the surviving
subset of the data base be sorted in
descending order according to the vari-
ance data. I then deleted the forecast
and comment columns to ensure that
each printed record would occupy only
a single line. Finally, I changed the title
to something more useful for this
report.

The result is shown in Fig. 2, and it's
more legible than the complete data-base
printout. The whole exercise served as a
nice demonstration of Homebase's abili-
ty to perform data-manipulation opera-
tions in sequence.

The data-base subset that survived
each operation was immediately avail-

able for further work. I was also able to
make include/exclude decisions based
on the values of data in a specified field,
or on the name of the field itself.

Homebase allows you to specify the
record and field names whose intersec-
tion defines a data base entry in either
order. When you're harried, it can be a
blessing not to have to recall whether
the rows or columns come first.

Although it is fairly complete, the
manual could do a better job of explain-
ing specific points. The use of miscel-
laneous fields in computations is one
example. Also, the documentation
would benefit from a first-rate proof-
reading job.

The sorting routine exhibits a quirk
when dealing with mixed positive and
negative numbers. Consider the set of
figures:

-20.-5.0, 15,25

When Homebase sorts these in descend-
ing order, the result is;

-20,25. 15, -5,0

Apparently the sort just examines the
ASCII code for each digit position,
without any special treatment of the
minus sign.

I would also like to see more flexibili-
ty in setting up a printed listing. Some-
times it would be helpful to change the
widths of the various types of data
fields, or at least to insert spaces be-
tween fields. And how about an auto-
matic line feed between records, or a
provision for multiple-line field names?

The final items on my wish list are the
option of dual-drive operation to mini-
mize disk swapping, and a capability
for more complex c^culations.

Most of these complaints concern
cosmetic aspects of the program.

■12/05/82******************«*«*«*«*««**********«**««««««*****PAGE 2

PROJECTS

POSITIVE VARIANCES ONLY

SORTED IN DESCENDING ORDER

■FORECAST' AND 'COMMENT' FIELDS
DELETED FOR FORMATTING

BUDGET

EXPENDED

AS OF

VARIANCE

PROJECT 100

$ 500,000.00

$ 250.000.00

12/01/82

$ 25,000.00

PROJECT 300

$ 650,000.00

S 663,985.79

11/15/82

$ 13,985.79

Fig. 2. Variance Report Abstracted from Projects

42 • 80 Micro, May 1983

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THE COLOR KEY

Homebase is a powerful tool and de-
serves the attention of all Color Com-
puter users interested in integrated per-
sonal data bases.

A New Spreadsheet Cakulator

"I may not be fast, but I'm thorough
and I'm cute." With this apocryphal
quotation from a former secretary, Bill
Dye (Trans Tek, 194 Lockwood Lane,
Bloomingdale, IL 60108) introduced me
to his latest applications program: C.C.
Calc. This is a modestly priced ($25)
spreadsheet for 32K disk or cassette
systems.

It certainly isn't fast, and its capacity i
is rather limited, but C.C. Calc does
lend itself to certain calculations that
have always tied Spectaculator in knots.
Cuteness is for someone else to judge.

C.C. Calc is written in Basic, and it
gives the user a 26-by-26 spreadsheet.
The display is typical for the breed: row
and column labels, and a two-line
header for needed information. A given
cell (row /column intersection) can con-
tain a number, a calculation formula.

or a label (i.e., any set of keyboard
characters).

I don't want to shortchange the pro-
gram because I find it quite useful, but I
can wrap up most of my evaluation by
saying that C.C. Calc performs all the
standard functions in a satisfactory
fashion. That is, it allows the user to
change a single number on a spread-
sheet and then recalculate everything
else with a single keystroke.

In doing so, C.C. Calc is already
ahead of Spectaculator, the only other
Color Computer spreadsheet 1 'm aware
of. C.C. Calc's big advantage is replica-
tion, by which a formula written to
define a single cell can be duplicated so
as to defme any number of contiguous
cells in the same row or column.

There is also a capability for relative
addressing, so that the contents of dif-
ferent cells can be calculated by the
same general formula with different
independent-variable cell addresses.

Here's an example. Fill the first ten
elements of the first column with the
first ten powers of 2:2-1, 024. The proce-

dure is to enter 2 into the first cell, then
move the cursor to the second element
and write this C.C. Calc-style formula:

+ AA.2

The leading " + " tells C.C. Calc that
this is a formula instead of a liter-
al expression, and AA is the element
in the first column, first row of the
spreadsheet.

As soon as the formula is entered, cell
AB (first column, second row — exactly
backwards from conventional matrix
notation) is obtained by multiplying the
contents of cell AA by 2.

Now comes the good part. To fill
another eight cells, doubling the con-
tents at each step, you need another
eight formulas like the one above, with
AA replaced by the correct location of
the previous cell at each step. The com-
mand "/" brings up a one-line menu of
editing commands, including R for rep-
licate. The cells to be filled are AC
through AJ, so the single command
below generates the required copies.

44 • 80 Micro. May 1983

THE COLOR KEY

/RACAJ

Each formula still specifies that the
contents of cell AA are to be doubled,
however; at this point, C.C. Calc gives
you the option of specifying relative ad-
dressing.

This means that the individual for-
mulas will be automatically adjusted so
that the previous-cell location will be
correct in all cases. In other words, cell
AC'S defining formula will be AB*2,
AD's will be AC*2, and so on. The ex-
clamation point is the calculate com-
mand, and now it will cause the whole
string of powers of 2 to be filled in.

This has been a simple, one -dimen-
sional example. The principle can be ex-
tended to two dimensions, so that inter-
dependent rows and columns can be
calculated at one command once the
necessary formulas have been set up
and the proper row-wise or column-
wise order of calculation has been es-
tablished. This is exactly the sort of
power that makes a spreadsheet like
VisiCalc so desirable to businesspeople.

''C.C. Calc. . .allows the

user to change a single

number and then

recalculate everything else

with a single keystroke. "

As for other features, C.C. Calc of-
fers the expected facilities for creating
complete or partial printouts, setfing
the number of decimal points that will
appear, and clearing all or part of a
worksheet.

There is also a useful option for
merging worksheets. If you load a pre-
viously saved file when another live
worksheet is in memory, the newly
loaded formulas and labels will replace
those in the live file, while numerical
values will be added to any already pres-
ent in corresponding locafions.

C.C. Calc does have its drawbacks.

I've already mentioned the limited ca-
pacity and slow speed; C.C. Calc checks
all 676 spreadsheet locations for calcu-
lation instructions when you hit ! , and
the checking alone takes about eight
seconds. You do come to expect imme-
diate answers once you start working
with a computer. As far as spreadsheet
capacity is concerned, though, VisiCalc
does Httle better in a 64K machine.

There are a few other pitfalls; the
program does not automatically re-
adjust cell references in formulas if
rows or columns are inserted after a
spreadsheet is set up. This is also a result
of limited memory.

Still, C.C. Calc can be a lifesaver
in situations where the power afforded
by relative addressing is required. My
applications seem to require it all
the time. ■

Scoft Norman welcomes reader re-
sponse to The Color Key. Write c/o 80
Micro, 80 Pine St., Peterborough, NH
03458.

MISOSYS MISOSYS MISOSYS MISOSYS MISOSYS MISOSYSMISOSYS MISOSYS MISOSYS MISOSYS MISOSYS MISOSYS S
en

>■

11 Snrnpilsr

The "LC Collier provides a
substantial subset of the C
programming language with:
Integer subset of C; has

access to floating point

ROM routines via functions
All statements supported

except: SWITCH-CASE, GOTO,

TYPEDEF, STRUCT. UNION.
All operators except "->",

".", SIZEOF, (TYPENAME).
Standard I/O redirection

with device independence,
a Input using FGETS or GETS

functions support JCL.
Dynamic memory management,
a Sequential files open for:

READ, URITE, and APPEND.
LC Generates 1-89 EDAS-IV

source code as output.
1-89 "source" libraries in

ISAM-accessed PDS files.
Contact, one-line conpiler

invocation for easy use.
Conpiled programs run on

both Model I and Model III
IN/LIB accesses graphics

and LDOS entry points.
LC/LIB includes; FPRINTF,

PRINTF, ALLOC, FREE, SBRK,

and string functions.
LC: The Mod I/III version

includes: LC/CMD, LC/LIB,

FP/LIB, IN/LIB. EDAS-IV,

XREF, and more than 200

pages of documentation.

Requires 2-drive 48K LOOS.
Mod 113 for LDOS: $15»+MS4H

MISOSYS MISOSYS MISOSYS MISOSYS MISOSYS

LDOS.Version 5.1 is the Ultimate in Operating
Systems for the TRS-80 Models I and Ml.
MISOSYS is your East Coast Headquarters
tor LDOS, the documented system! Version
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system. Deduct $35 if ordering both.

LCDS 5.L

CO
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MX-8fl Graftrax and MX-100 printers. With SRAphIc
Support Package you create character sets usable
from any and all applications. Create character
sets of single-width, double-width, & 12-pitch,
using the GRASP character editor, ALTCHAR. GRASP
comes supplied with 7 character sets. Print Mod3
special characters on your Epson! Set MX options
from your Iceyboard. Invoke underlining! Written
by K.A.Hessinger S, S.A.Loomer. GRASP: $50+$2StH

MISOSYS - Dept. M5
P.O. Box 4848
Alexandria, VA 22303-0648
703-960-2998

Dealer's Inquiry Invited

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EOAS, Version IV is the most

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assembler, bar none! It has:

Assemble to disk or memory

from multiple source files

nestable to FIVE levels.

Assemble conditional code

with IF, IFLT, IFEQ, IFGT. S

IFDEF, IFNDEF, IFREF to 16 J"

levels with IF-ELSE-ENDIF. Jg

Automatic search of SOURCE -<

subroutine libraries saved ***

in ISAH-Kcessed structure S

to resolve references left 0)

undefined (requires PDS). O

One-level HACROs support ^

parameter substitution by CO

position and by keyword, g

Local labels in both MACRO (q

O
CO

expansions & PDS searches.
Supports +, -, *, /, -MOO.

.AND., .OR., .NOT.. .XOR.
Constants can be declared

as base 2, 8, 10, & 16 or

string, with more than one J^

value on a single line. »

15-char labels including <

special chars: 9, ?.$._«

Extensive cross-reference S

utility & EQU generation, (o

Enter source in upper case O

or lower case. Line editor ^

has COPY, CHANGE, and MOVE »

a Pseudo-OPs LORG, COM, PAGE j

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80 Micro. May 1983 • 45

REVIEWS

edited by Janet Fiderio

O r A t o

o f t

B o c i, c

]^ o o p s^

!^ ex t r

to a t f) o

b <x

A U b

tab

vo \ I I h 6 peirfo

«■ tVfitO CETAtlb 8<x

c a l X e b tSif)* MKTBS
Tsr to-itt be opeue

aub li£)tf p^TfoTtn

iXie)<ir'atabtc fiKusr

■ti?Sr TIOC to COttti?

IE) -I ^ Xlci-y IE o l^a mxL

!fi \ s f\ Arab X 6 ^ i r- 6 a I :
ti a-ro bcs-'lTftb to

I f] Q \ tr S'tDOT'bS-.

TXfte O
C T o b

b A I

d ti c tf
<\ T b s

-teal

TO a t If)

sick

■?5ie) tf

c o txitf

-JRp-r a IC 13

3 J)ub X a u

P o ur-u A t

Fig. I. The Old English Foni

• •••

GRASP (Graphic Support Package)

Misosys Software

Alexandria, VA

Model I and III

MX-80, MX-lOO, and LDOS required

$50

by Charles P. Knight

GRASP is a collection of programs
and fillers designed lo work with
LDOS and make full use of the graphics
capability of the Epson MX-80 and
MX-IOO printers. If you have the re-
quired printers and operating system,
this is a worthwhile software investment.

The package consists of 17 modules
(see Table 1).

The ALTCHAR group of programs
for designing character sets is outstand-
ing. Files with the /ALT extension are
data files of character sets for these pro-
grams. ALTCHAR/DVR is the printer
driver that lets you use a character set of
your own choosing and pitch (charac-
ters per inch).

To use a special character set, type:
SET *PR ALTCHAR TYPE12(WIDTH
= %) where TYPE 12 is the name of the
desired character-set file and Width is
the number of characters that fit on a
line. You must be careful not to specify
a wider line than the printer can himdle
or you hang up the printer. After issu-
ing this command, everything the com-
puter sends to the printer is printed in
the type font of the character set
specified.

This is a powerful program, but it is

46 • 50 Micro. May 1983

not without its price. A character set
consists of upper- and lowercase char-
acters and graphics characters that use
6565 bytes of the computer's memory,
just below the current HIGHS. If you
have a long Scripsit file to print, you
might have to break it into two smaller
segments. Also, the printer double-
strikes each line, which is much slower
than normal printing.

1 don't think this is too high a price to
pay for a custom character set. I don't
use custom sets all the time, but for final
drafts or important work, I hardly miss
the small amount of extra time it takes
to use them. I rarely need to break my
files into smaller segments.

ALTCHAR/CMD loads an LBASIC
program that lets you design your own
custom character set. The editor is
superb. As you enter the program, it
prompts you for a drive number and
gives you a directory of all files with the
/ALT extension on that drive. After it
displays the directory, the program asks
you for a filespec and warns you that a
default extension of /ALT is assumed.

Unless you wish to use the default
drivespec of :1 here, you must enter a
drivespec. I would prefer that GRASP
use the established TRSDOS and LDOS
convention of searching all drives for
the file if you don't give a drivespec, but
this is only a minor inconvenience. If
you program in Basic, you can easily
overcome it with a minimum of effort.

At this point, the program displays
the main menu. You can elect to read
into memory the character set specified
by the filespec, save the character set in
memory to the filespec you have given.

Review Contents

GRASP 46

Dot Writer 47

Color-Graf 55

TRS-80 Pocket Handbook ...SI

Mindwarp 58

System Diagnostic 60

Interface Projects for the

TRS-80 (Model III) 64

PLAN802.5 64

Gemini lOand 15 70

TC-8CandJBUG 72

Cyberchess 76

Super 80

Super Duper 82

Our reviewers use a five-slar raUng system.
One star represents ihe lo w end of this spectrum,
while five stars represent the spectacular and high
end of the spectrum.

edit the character set, blank the set,
print the character set, or leave the
program.

You must always read the characters
into memory, as this is not done auto-
matically for you; this is more flex-
ible. When you finish, the program
neatly resets the HIGHS value to its pre-
vious value before exiting. This soft-
ware uses Basic programming techniques
that you would do well to use in your
own work to ensure high-memory integ-
rity, whether you use LDOS or not.

If you select the Edit mode, it queries
you on the dimensions of the character
set you are using if the set is not already
in memory via the Read command.

You can design characters that are 10
or 12 pixels wide. This corresponds to
10 or 12 characters per inch on the
printer. You can also specify a character
height of 12 or 16 pixels. Once you spec-
ify these values, the program gives you a
good graphic representation of the al-

Conlinuc- 111 p 48

• * * • V2

Dot Writer 1.5

J.F. Consulting

74355 Buttonwood

Palm Desert, CA 92260

Model I or in

$69.95

by Jake Commander

Dot Writer consists of two graphics
software modules from J.F. Con-
sulting that allow mixing graphics, text,
or a combination of both in the form of
character fonts. The two subprograms
are called Dot Write and E)ot Print.
Both modules are part of the ever-ex-
panding G.E.A.P. {pronounced jeep)
range of software.

Just to confuse everyone, G.E.A.P.
is the name of the previous graphics
software package and the generic name
J.F. Consulting gives to graphics soft-
ware such as Dot Writer. Even the two
subprograms are further divided into
modular overlays, some of which are
common to the original G.E.A.P. Con-
fused? I'll try to explain as I go along.

Dot Write and Dot Print are typical
of a lot of TRS-80 software apfjearing
today in their versatility and sophistica-
tion. Sophistication is something the
discriminating TRS-80 user has come to
expect, but that versatility makes the
software difficult to review. So many
pieces comprise the whole that it's diffi-
cult to know where to start.

Also, G.E.A.P. and Dot Writer are
sold either together or separately as in-
dividual programs (using the odd over-
lapping module here and there). How is
it possible to demonstrate its potential
without skipping a feature or two? It's a
testimony to the Dot Writer package
when I say that it's not possible in a
review such as this. Even the manuals
for the package are half an inch thick! I
hope my overview conveys the versatil-
ity inherent in this software.

G.E.A.P. has already been reviewed
in 80 Micro (October 1982, p. 184), so
I'll concentrate on the Dot Writer pack-
age alone. The package achieves maxi-
mum performance when used in its en-
tirety, with G.E.A.P. as the graphics-
creation program. That way, many ex-
tra options are available to create and
manipulate your graphic artwork.
However, Dot Writer alone has more
than sufficient power to generate high-
resolution graphics and fancy character
fonts.

Dot Writer's two main programs in-

jafet made a jladed cal?e

Fig. I. Cusloni- Designed Typeface
Fig. 2. Old English Proportional

^e Pete gLuridSffty 8*^0^1^

Fig. 2a. Old English Monospaced

elude Dot Print, which prints text using
typefaces from the Dot Writer font li-
brary, and Dot Write, which can be
used in place of G.E.A.P. to create new
fonts and graphics for that library.

The G.E.A.P. program and the Dot
Writer package consist of a hybrid set
of modules that is called and run from
Basic, but use machine-code routines to
perform some of the more specialized
functions. This allows you to run the
software from the familiar and com-
fortable environment of Basic, but with
all the speed and power advantages of
machine code.

It's important that the Dot Writer
package runs under Basic because this
sometimes imposes a minor limitation
on what can be achieved. For instance,
when writing a Scripsit file to be typeset
later by Dot Print, a sentence or para-
graph can be as long as you like without
pressing the enter key. This can give Dot
Print more than it can take in its Basic
buffer, so it's wise to ensure that your
print text has a carriage return at least
every 255 characters.

It can also be a surprise to hit the
break key and find yourself back at the
Ready prompt. These modules act so
much like a machine -code system that
you might find yourself a victim of the
Basic interpreter if you perform ir-
responsible acts with the software.

Dot Writer is probably the part of the
G.E.A.P. package that everyone no-
tices first and it appealed to me the
most. Basically, Dot Writer allows you
to print any ASCII text using the type-
face of your choice. The typeface can be
one of the twelve provided with the soft-
ware or you can design it by using either

G.E.A.P. or the Dot Writer program it-
self (see Fig. 1).

Dot Writer writes dots — usually in
the form of graphic symbols to your
printer. The Dot Print program per-
forms this amazing typesetting simply
by asking for a file name and then going
to work on it. The Dot Write program
allows you to create and print graphic
shapes in a manner similar to G.E.A.P.
These shapes can be pictures or type-
faces for Dot Print to use later at your
bidding.

Twelve typefaces are suppHed with
Dot Writer, including a favorite^the
Old English font (see Fig. 2). Three ad-
ditional font disks are currently avail-
able containing an extra ten fonts each.

1 have included some examples to
demonstrate what you can do with your
humble Model I or III and an Epson or
Okidata printer (see Figs. 1-8). Accord-
ing to the publishers, more printer sup-
port is on the way and the C. Itoh ver-
sion will be available any second.

Versatility is achieved by inserting
command lines in the ASCII text you
want to print. Dot Writer has 48
separate commands to embed in your
text to control its printout. Some com-
mands have options like the Darkness
command — this provides four different
shades of print ranging from normal to
double emphasized.

An example shows how easy it is to
use the Dot Writer command structure.
Assume you want to print two lines, one
saying "Hello" in normal darkness, the
other saying "There" very darkly.

Continues on p. 53

80 Micro, May 1983 • 47

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Assembler

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ter assembler to help you learn machine
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• Immediate assembly which detects syn-
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• Compact source tormat that allows you
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• Produces relocatable code modules that
can be saved on disk or tape and linked
together in memory for large or modular
assembbes.

• Assembles to disk, tape, or directly to
memory for immediate debugging with
the built-in debugger

• The built-in debugger will step though
your programs one instruction at a time,
showing each disassembled instruction
and its effect on the registers and memory.

• The debugger can use the symbols in
your source code when stepping or disas-
sembling.

• Input and output of conventional source
or condensed INTASM source.

• Assembly and disassembly of un-
documented Z-80 instructions.

• Comprehensive 65 page instruction
manual with many examples.

The Instant Assembler package includes
six separate programs. The assembler it-
self includes the editor and built-in debug-
ger The Linking Loader is included in
several versions for different memory
sizes A stand-alone version of the debug-
ger (MicroMind) is also included. Mi-
croMind can be relocated in memory and
has commands to single-step, set break-
points, display or alter registers or mem-
ory, find bytes or words, disassemble to
screen or printer, convert between hex
and decimal numbers, and write SYSTEM
tapes.

INTASM 2.1 is $39 95 for the tape version
and $49.95 for disk (specify Model I or
Model III). The instruction manual only is
$5, refundable with purchase of the pro-
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Altchar/bas

Altchar/cmd

Altchar/dvr

Allline/fll

Alt wide/ flt

Gpd/dvr

Mod3char/nt

Oldeng/atl

SdlO/alt

Scil2/all

SctmxlOO/cmd

Sctmx80g/cmd

StdlO/alt

Stdl2/alt

TypelO/alt

Typel2/alt

Undrline/flt

Module for designing your own character sets

Loader and Machine language routines for above

Printer driver to use alternate chararter sets

Allows underlining via user specified toggle

Allows printing certain characters double wide

Allows LPR1NTCHR$(0) and other values

Allows priming of Mod 3 special characters Old

English character sel (double width)

Scientific character set 10 pilch

Scientific character set 12 pitch

Program lo inlialize printer via software

Same as above, but for MX-80

Standard MX-80 char set with Mod 3 graphics

Same as above, but 10 pitch

Typewriter style font 10 pitch

As above, but 12 pilch

Filter to allow underlining by backspacing

Table I. The 17 GRASP Modules

Conlir\ued from p 46

lowable dimensions of your character,
complete with reference-point row
numbers.

3-1 u iruru

spin ran n^oan nit irfnii na ir»iina

TMM sTron •'Si-'w nnma v^rm nni mm
iinc-^rT*! -nil ^m uttw

i-TTTK imrr i3Tr« mrr ttu^ «■
Tiiaa'Taai Tia^'Wi T^rrw mir rat nanm

Fig. 2. Example of Hebrew Word Processing

Because of the size and limitations of
TRS-80 graphics, the characters might
look strange on the video compared to
how they look on the printout, but you
become accustomed to this quickly. No
matter what editor you use, character
sets can be difficult to design. GRASP
is easier to use than others I have tried.

When in the Edit mode, you copy
characters from one position to another
to simplify entry of similar infonnation.
It is much easier to make a T into an I
than to design it from scratch.

This is a thoughtful and time-saving
feature, but you can only copy charac-
ters from the current character set, not
from another file. You can also GOTO
a specific character by specifying it

ICATA IfiAfWHN AnOETOrtON EYATTEAION

TfpOS TOV 6€.av, Kdl ecQS rjy O XO^OS. OUTO? ^V EV O-pyr^ TTpOS

Tov dtov. TtavTo 3( ' auTDV t^cvtro, tai X"P' * qutou c^evcro

OUdC £V O ^C^OVCV. CV aUT(|l IJur^ ^V, cat -<) ifliU") r)V TO 0U5 TUV
dV^pUTfUV EQI TD 0U« £V Trj OKOTig jtfttl VCI , Ctll 1) OKOTCd aUTO

OM caTcXa(5cv.

luawT^« ce0. 3:16- outu^ ^ap rj^affrjacv o dtos tov
Koojjov, uoTt TOV ui Qv TOV jiovojjcvT^ cQuccv, I vo Tfa« o
fltOTCUUv tis auTov jjrj uTtaXrjTai aXV tXH C^H^ aiuviov.

itaXi V,

EN APXHI HN AOTOE, CAI AOTOi: HN RPOE TON eEON, ICAI
eEOE HN AOrOZ. OYTOE HN EN APXHI tlPOE TON ©EON. HANTA fli'
AYTOY EPENETO, KAI XfiPIE AYTOY EPENETO OYAE EN TErONEN.
EN AYTfll ZQH HN, KAI H ZfiH HN TO •QT. TfiN ANePOnflN. <AI TO
9QZ EN TNI EKOTIAI •AINEI, KAI H CKOTIA AYTO OY KATEAABEN.

OYTDZ TAP HrAnHEEN eCOI TON KOEMON, ilETE TON YION
TON MONOTENH EfiQICEN, INA HAE niETEYIlN EIE AYTON MH
AnOAHTAI AAA^ EXHI ZQHN AlftNION.

Fig. 3. Example of Greek Word Processing

48 • 80 Micro. May 1983

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<C}apr thiractfT
<EMit cbvKtir
<l>rtD dMTKtir
<l>iit dtvKtir
<OHfMt br H
rt*. chVKtr
<lt>ttini ta MM

StlKtiM ?

CWTMt FilOHC I

iniI/M.Ti2

Fig. 4. The Letter E as it Appears in the
ALTCHAR Editor.

directly or paging through the entire set.

GRASP always displays the current
character's video equivalent as well as
its value in both decimal and hexadeci-
mal. It also shows the filespec you are
working on.

Another option displayed is Offset by
%; this designs the right half of a dou-
ble-wide character set. Use of the dou-
ble-wide set costs you your graphics
characters, but you can design some
nice fonts in double width. The Old
English font that comes with the pack-
age is a superb example (see Fig. 1).

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60 • 80 Micro. May 1963

When you are editing or creating new
characters, the cursor is a big white
block or a small black one, depending
on whether the pixel it is on is set or re-
set. In order to set a particular pixel,
you must move the cursor to that point
with the arrow keys, and press the S
key. To reset the pixel, press the R key.
To erase a character, you must use the
copy option to copy a space or another
character into the current position.

When you finish editing your charac-
ter set, you must return to the main
menu and write it out to disk in order to
save it. If you have modified the set and
select the finish option, the program re-
minds you to save. This is a nice en-
hancement, but the prompt could be
larger and more noticeable; you cannot
recover a character set if you inadver-
tently exit the program.

All this discussion of programmable
character sets might seem mundane un-
til you consider what can be done with
them. You can design special graphics-
only sets and use them to plot graphs or
draw pictures with the printer. It is even
possible to duplicate the CHR$(?) codes
of another computer.

GRASP does more than fun and
games, however. You can design char-
acters for use by Scripsit to perform
word processing in any language. In the
LDOS Quarterly, Volume 5, I describe
Greek word processing with a Diablo
printer and General Scientific print-
wheel.

Although my method is useful when
no other is available, ALTCHAR and
the MX-80 let me carry this several
steps closer to perfection. I can design
any character for any language, and
assign it to any ASCII code I desire.
This has made it possible to use Scripsit
with the LSCRIPT patch to write
documents in both Greek and Hebrew.
(See Figs. 2 and 3.)

Since a high-memory driver makes
the character translation to dot graph-
ics, any word processor that uses the
standard I/O calls and the printer DCB
can create the text. Unfortunately, this
rules out using Scripsit that has not been
modified with the LSCRIPT patch pro-
vided with LDOS, and it might rule out
using some other word processors. You
would have to write your own special
driver to use with SuperScripsit.

I usually use the MX-80 compressed
print mode. The program SETMX80G/
CMD makes this easy by sending the
correct character to the printer. I

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REVIEWS

haven't tested the File SETMXIOO/
CMD, but it should work as well. It is
easier to use than going into LBASIC
and performing LPRINTCHR$(?) func-
tions to set up the printer. You can also
use this program from LBASIC \ia the
CMD"SETMX80G" command, and it
is unnecessary to remember the exact
codes needed to r>erform a particular
function.

The parentheses with each parameter
separated by a comma pass the param-
eters to the program . The program pro-
vides parameters that initialize the
Radio Shack mode, and it forms length,
italic font, double spacing, compressed
or emphasized type, and many others.
This is a most useful, if not large, utility
program.

An underlining filter program is also
on the disk. This filter works with any
printer that can backspace without eras-
ing, but it could be better. It uses a tog-
gle character that you specify. The filler
defaults to character 127, which is the
ASCII delete character entered by si-
multaneous depression of clear, shift,
and enter. The filter uses this character
to toggle the underlining on or off.
When the toggle character is received,
the printer begins underlining every
character until it receives another toggle
character or a carriage return.

However, I would prefer that the
filter not underline spaces between
words, making the trap for the carriage
return unnecessary and allowing
underlining to span several lines of text.
Unfortunately, writing this type of filter
requires some trade-off because an ap-
plication program will not know of the
filter's existence.

Scripsit treats the toggle character as
a valid text character, and this makes
justification difficult when the toggle
character occurs between two words.
Scripsit thinks that it's dealing with
one long word. This is not the filter's
fault. The only way that you can prop-
erly implement underlining is to modify
Scripsit internally. This would be a
mammoth undertaking for anyone,
since only the author has the source
code. The filter works well within these

"The ALTWIDE filter is

out of the ordinary in

concept. It lets you print

some characters in double

width and others in

standard width, "

limitations and can make an otherwise
impossible task possible.

The ALTWIDE filter is out of the or-
dinary in concept. It lets you print some
characters in double width and others in
standard width. This means you must
design the character set with the proper
characters as double width. The manual
suggests that you might wish to print all
capital letters in double width. It warns
that imder some circumstances the left
half of a character could be printed at
the end of a line and the right half at the
beginning of the next.

If memory is a problem, and com-
pressed characters or special fonts are
not needed, the MOD3CHAR/FLT

program prints the Model Ill's special
characters. Since only the special char-
acters are in memory, the printhead
must home itself during printing and
this slows things down. The authors rec-
ommend using the ALTCHAR driver if
you want to print a large number of
special characters.

This program works on a Model I
also, but the video cannot display the
Model Ill's special characters. Like the
other modules, this works as document-
ed, and I discovered no bugs. It is a nice
addition to the package. The program
requires a small patch lo run on the
Max-80.

For the Basic programmer, the
GPD/DVR is an excellent inclusion. It
takes over the TRS-80 ROM LPRINT
routines so you can send any character
to the printer. Now you can say
LPRINTCHR${12), and the printer re-
ceives a 12 instead of a calculated num-
ber of line feeds.

You can also say LPRINTCHR$(0),
and it, too, goes to the printer without
interference from the ROM driver. If
you like to control your printer from
Basic, you can throw away all those
routines that POKE or OUT directly to
the printer. You can, as with all these
drivers, SYSGEN this to be a perma-
nent part of your system.

The manual is written in the same
clear style as the LDOS manual and
punched so that they can be bound to-
gether. Unfortunately, it doesn't come
with a binder.

I highly recommend this package to
anyone needing the full capacity of the
MX-80 series of printers. The package
is an excellent value for the money. ■

Coniiautd from p. 47

You'd place your text in the ASCII file
in the following manner (bear in mind
that Dot Writer defaults to normal
darkness, so the first command is
redundant in this context):

-daO

— specifics normal darkness

Hello

—lexl

.da 3

— darker than dark

There

—text

All the options are specified similarly,
using a period followed by a two-letter
command.

Any ASCII text is printed this way,
no matter how it is creat«l. Normally

mnu 5\LmmEK

Fig. 3. IJancy

ilT I ill!

Fig. 4. Antique

IB LITTLE tmrn.

Fig. 5. Small Fancy

80 Micro. May 1983 • 53

REVIEWS

Fig. 6. Shaded (in revere)

PEEP SICL TCTITE ! !

Fig. 7. Broadway

Toda^ \s ihe begdoHVig of
ihe )r^^ of ^oM*- Uf c

Fig. 8. Chancery Medium

you'd use a word processor and any one
will do as long as it outputs an ASCII
Tile. Scripsit is fine as long as you use the
ASCII save option.

Dot Writer recommends using the
Newscript word processor because both
programs have a similar "dot com-
mand" format. Dot Writer does pro-
vide a painless interface to Newscript,
so if you have this word processor you'll

have a particularly easy time. Remem-
ber that any word processor (or even a
Basic program) capable of ASCII out-
put generates a file printable by Dot
Writer.

TTie 12 fonts provided with the ori-
ginal purchase are shown in Fig. 9. I
used the test program with the package.
This simply checks the operation of the
fonts and gives Dot Print (the actual

SYSTEM CHECK OUT

FOR BEST RESULTS, ALWAYS USE A FRESH RIBBON

BIGBDLD

BOLD ENHRNCED

66Elii0000

&HflLL EMhflNCED

MEDIUHBDLDE

HZCIOPIIMT

MZIflPflZRT 1 UZDCI

S£S£ ENeCISH

MEDIUM BOLD

PLAIN (NOT THE SAME AS THE EPSON FONT)
rPEEK

(GREEK-
END OF DEMONSTRATION

Fig. 9. The 12 Fonts Provided with Dot Writer

"Note that any of Dot

Writer's fonts can print in

Monospace or proportional

mode. "

print program) a cursory check. If this
works, you'll be ready to send your
friends letters in Old English or print
out some documentation using propor-
tional text.

Many more typefaces are planned by
J.F. Consulting, so you might contact
them if you design one you'd like incor-
porated into their library.

Note that any of Dot Writer's fonts
can print in monospace or propor-
tional mode to give a printout book
quality. Some typefaces look better
monospaced and some don't; it's a mat-
ter of try-it -and-see.

If you look at the small Old English
example in Fig. 2a, you'll see that the
monospaced text is easier to read, al-
though in other samples I tried, propor-
tional spacing looked better. Neither
one is a problem, as you can change
mode in mid-text by using a .pr on/off
command in the regular Dot Writer
maimer.

Both programs come with substantial
manuals that were printed by (what
else?) Dot Writer. The manuals cover
every aspect of the software's use so
you can open at page one and walk
your way through the learning process.
This lowest-common-denominalor ap-
proach to documentation does have its
drawbacks, however. Once or twice, I
scrabbled around to find some informa-
tion and became drowned in words,
despite a hefty index.

This clutter results from the versatili-
ty of the software; J.F. Consulting is
determined to document every possibili-
ty. It takes a while to develop sufficient
skill with the software so that you can
use it without the manual close at hand
to lead you through the splendors of
graphics manipulation.

Dot Writer is a very substantial
package and one that provides many
modes of operation. It contains much
more than I've described here and I'm
sure I still have a few surprises in store,
despite many hours of enjoyable ex-
perimentation. ■

54 • so Micro. May 1983

REVIEWS

* • * *

Color-Graf
Solectronics
400 Asbuo Ave.
Evanston, IL 60202
Model I and III
$195

by Bruce Powel Douglass

Tired of low-resolution black-and-
white graphics? Color-Graf is a pe-
ripheral that provides high -resolution
color graphics for the TRS-80 Model I.
It transforms a Model I into a graphics
terminal using a color TV or external
video monitor.

Color-Graf gives you 25-by-192-pixel
resolution with several priority planes
(sprite planes) for ordered fig-
ures — better graphics than the Apple 11!

Color-Graf is built around the
TMS 9918A video display chip and
comes with 16K of RAM. No hardware
modification is required — simply plug
it into the expansion-interface bus or
the expansion port of the Model I
keyboard.

The TMS 9918A chip from Texas In-
struments offers features not available
elsewhere. Its distinctive feature is that a
single image comprises a series of 32
overlapping images, much like over-
layed transparencies. Each of the trans-
parencies is ordered according to im-
portance in the composite image.
Therefore, if two images appear in the
same place on separate sprite planes, the
higher priority item appears but the
other image will not.

It is simple to have moving images,
such as a car driving past a tree, in
which the highest priority images ap-
pear in front of lower priority images.
In the case of a car driving by a higher
priority tree, the car and the tree will be
visible until they lie on the same position
within the image. Then only the tree will
be visible and the car will be obscured,
as if you were looking at the street from
in front of the tree. This priority feature
eliminates the programming otherwise
necessary to implement hidden-line al-
gorithms on single-plane graphics
systems.

A sprite is a graphics object on a par-
ticular plane. Its position is determined
entirely by a 2-byte address. The entire
object is moved when the value at the
position address is changed. Sprites are
one of two sizes: 8 by 8 pixels or 16 by

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80 Micro. May 1983 • 55

REVIEWS

16 pixels. A magnification option in-
creases the size to 32 by 32 pixels. Each
sprite plane can contain only one sprite
object . The 32 sprite planes are ordered
from zero to 3 1 .

There are other planes available be-
sides sprite planes, including a high-res-
olution pattern plane and a color-back-
drop plane. Several graphics modes are
available with the pattern plane. In
Graphics Mode I, the screen is arranged
into 24 rows by 32 columns of patterns;
each pattern position contains 64 (8 by
8) pixels. A programmable pattern -
generator table determines these pal-
terns. Up to 256 different patterns can
be stored in this graphics mode, and
each of these can be in two of 1 5 colors.

Graphics Mode II allows 768 patterns
instead of Mode I's 256, and each pat-
tern can have up to 16 colors. Since
there are 768 patterns and 768 distinct
pattern blocks, you have a total of
2,566-by-192 resolution. With a little
programming, you can perform any
high-resolution task possible on the
Atari or Apple on your color monitor,

including plotting and line drawing.

Multicolor mode is low -resolution,
and Text mode measures 24 lines by 40
columns. The latter is used primarily to
display alphanumeric characters. You
cannot use sprite planes in this mode,
but that presents no problem. You can
create your own alphanumeric charac-
ters in Graphics Mode 1 if you need text
and sprites simultaneously.

Now you have an idea of what the
TMS 9918A chip does. Color-Graf sup-
ports these features and has a fairly com-
plete software package for using them.

The Color-Graf package includes
the Color-Graf interface with the
TMS 9918A chip and 16K of video
RAM, an rf modulator for connecting a
standard black-and-white or color TV,
a power supply, a cable for connect-
ing the TRS-80, a Texas Instruments
TMS 9918A manual, and a disk or tape
with supplied software. Installation re-
quires connecting the cable to the
TRS-80, plugging in the power supply,
and putting the rf modulator on top of

your TV. Anyone can install this sys-
tem — you don't even need to open your
computer.

I received the software on disk; the
manual indicates that it works similarly
for tape-based machines. The software
for Graphics Mode 1 enables the user to
manipulate sprites, change the back-
drop color, and create, edit or position
the 8-by-8-pixel patterns on the pattern
plane. The pattern position is indicated
by a coordinate pair (X,Y).

The program is a hybrid machine-
language/ Basic program with well-de-
fined subroutines. These are called by
routines within the sample program or
by your own programs. The manual ex-
plains each routine in detail and pro-
vides a list of variables with explana-
tions of their functions. A program
hsting is also provided.

Another program provides Graphics
Mode II features in such a way that the
screen is treated like a 256-by-192 high-
resolution screen. Capabilities include
setting or resetting individual pixels,
drawing lines, circles, rectangles, or

TRS-80

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'TRS-80 IS a Irademdrk ol Tandy Coroorahon

56 » 80 Micro, May 1983

REVIEWS

ASCII characters, filling in a rectangle,
changing backdrop or rectangle colors,
and creating a user-defined pattern.

Sull more powerful routines draw
and plot data on Cartesian coordinate
graphs. I was impressed with both the
speed and the fantastic resolution of the
I^ots so easily created with this routine.
Again, the manual describes these rou-
tines in detail with complete description
of the system variables.

The Multicolor Mode software is
equally easy to use. There is even a rou-
tine enabling you to draw on the screen
with a blinking cursor.

The Text Mode allows you to create,
edit or position the 6-by-8-pixel patterns
for text. This makes Color-Graf
valuable for educational purposes, since
characters not available in standard
ASCII sets can be created.

The use of the sprite planes is ex-
plained in the manual as well as in the
TMS 9918A VDP Texas Instruments
manual provided with Color-Graf.

Color-Graf is a well-designed high-
resolution peripheral for the TRS-80

Model I. Its well-documented software
is powerful and easy to use. This proba-
bly won't help someone interested in
buying high-resolution game software

for his TRS-80, but for educators or
other professionals requiring high-reso-
lution color graphics, it is an excellent
system well worth the price.!

**•*

TRS-90 Pocket Handbook
WiHam Bwden Jr.
Tandy /Radio Shack
Fort Worth. TX 76102
Softcover, 265 pp.
$6.95

by John P. Mello Jr.
»0 Micro sUff

For admirers of David A. Lien's in-
dispensable The Basic Handbook,
Radio Shack's TRSSO Pocket Hand-
book is a welcome sight.

The pocket-sized book, penned by 50
Micro regular Bill Barden, explains 255
commands, including editing com-
mands, used in the Basic dialects of

Tandy's microcomputers.

Organized along the lines of Lien's
classic reference work, Barden's book
devotes one page to each command,
each listed in alphabetical order.

At the top right-hand corner of each
page is an illustration of the command
as it appears on the CRT screen. In
the upper left-hand corner, Barden
notes which of the II Basic Tandy
dialects uses the command — Model I,
Levels I, II and disk; Model II; Model
III, Levels I, III, and disk; and Basic,
Extended Basic, and disk for the Color
Computer.

Next, Barden gives the command for-
mat, an example of its use, a description
of what it does, and related commands.

Command descriptions are concise

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^Sm Utt 0/ AOnrtiamn on Pmg» 371

80 Micro. May 19B3 • 57

REVIEWS

and lucid, even for elementary pro-
grammers like myself.

The handbook also includes a list
of special keys used in TRS-80 Ba-

sic, error codes, common ASCII codes,
and decimal-binary-octal hexadecimal
conversions.

By taking Lien's basic idea and tailor-

ing it to the TRS-80. Radio Shack and
Barden have provided a dandy refer-
ence book well worth its $6.95 cover
price. ■

SYSTEM

I. LVLI
I. LVL II
I. Disk

CC.
CC,
CC,

LVLI
LVL 111
Disk
BASIC
Ext BASIC
Disk

GET

1 graphics

.ffgTOsgTO>Qaea^

^E=^^_..d

FORMAT

Itneit GZT(x I.yi)-(x2.y2).arriy mme^

EXAMPLES

1000 GET (0.0)-t50,50).m.G saw
area in irray AA
DESCRin'ION

The GET command is used in coniunction with the
PUT command. GET stores any rectangular area on
a graphics screen in a two-dimensional array. The
PUT later retrieves the graphics data Irom the array
and displays it in any other area of the graphics
screen. GET/PUT can be used to save portions of
a graphics screen or to create animation effects. The
xl,yl coordinates define one corner of the rectangle
to be stored in the array; The x2,y2 define the
opposing corner. The xl,x2 and yl,y2 values are in
"high -resolution" graphics coordinates ot 0-255 and
0-191. respectively. The "array name" is the name
of a two-dimensional array previously defined by a
DIM statement. In general, the array size must be
equal to the dimensions of the graphics area to be
stored, although certain space-saving tncks may be
used. The g option is "G"; if used, full graphic detail
is saved in the array.
RELATED COMMANDS

PUT

SYSTEM

I, LVL I •

I. LVL II •

I. Disk •

II •

111, LVL I
III. LVL III •
III, Disk •

CC, BASIC
CC, Ext BASIC •

CC, Disk • L .

FORMAT

ImeH GOSUB lineH

EXAMPLES

1000 REN DO SEhRCH SUBROUTINE

1010 GOSUB 12000

1020 REM PETUPN HERE hFTEP

SUBROUTINE

DESCRIPTION

GOSUB is used to "call" a subroutine. A subroutine
is any set of BftSIC statements that is used
repeatedly. Making the statements a subroutine in
one spot rather than repeating the code when
required saves RAM space. The GOSUB causes the
BPiSIC Interpreter to branch to the line number
specified after the GOSUB. Unlike the GOTO, the
GOSUB action saves the return point after the
GOSUB. After the subroutine has been executed,
the last statement of the subroutine, a RETURN,
returns control to the statement after the GOSUB.
In the example above, the subroutine at line
12000 woukj be executed: it could consist of from
one to many statements. The last statement,
however, is a RETURN, which causes a return to
line number 1020- Subroutines may be "nested" in
many levels. One subroutine may call another by a
GOSUB, which may call yet another, etc.
RELATED COMMANDS
ON... GOSUB, RETURN

Fig. I. Excerplfrom the TRS-80 Pocket Handbook

Mind warp

Quality Software and Consulting Inc.

P.O. Box 11355

Kansas City, MO 64112

Model I and in

$18.95 tape or disk, 32K

by Eric Grevstad

80 Micro staff

5& ' 80 Micro. May 1983

An inferiority complex is an occa-
sional hazard of TRS-80 owner-
ship. Education, for instance, is prob-
ably the most imjxirtant part of the
home-computer boom; ads for Apple
and Atari instructional software, from
manufacturers like Xerox Education
Publications and Control Data (the
Plato series), look terrific. Model I and
III users, on the other hand, are offered

programs like Mindwarp — not a bad
math drill in its way, but as advanced as
Pong compared to Zaxxon.

Mindwarp is a two-person game for
elementary students that combines
fiash-card arithmetic with the familiar
premise of the game Concentration.
The computer asks the players' names,
the number of points required to win,
and the time limit for answering ques-

REVIEWS

tions. It then displays a board of 12
numbered squares, flashes one player's
name, and shows a math problem.

If the player fails to answer within the
time limit, the message is "Mind-
warp — you lost your turn." If the an-
swer is wrong, there's a limited reper-
toire of ripostes — "You are wrong,"
"Wake up," or "Are you sleepy," fol-
lowed by the player's name. The right
answer is flashed, and the opponent's
name appears over a new question.

Correct answers bring praise — "Very
good," "Excellent," or "Right on" —
and a chance to pick two squares on the
board, looking for a match. The chosen
squares spin prettily, revealing ultra-
low -resolution pictures (such as a
house, a smiley face, or various abstract
symbols); finding a pair is worth a
point. Players are occasionally given a
pass-or-play gamble, risking five points
(plus or minus) on finding a match.

This is a pleasant game, but not an el-
egant one. The display reminds you
Mindwarp is a math and not a punctua-
tion tutor — commas appear and disap-
pear at random ("Mary, wins with 10
p)oints"; "Are you slrepy John"). The
time-limit prompt asks for a figure such
as KX) or 2(X), approximately equal to
one or two seconds but arbitrary on first
glance. The winner of the last game,
whose name appears as "Champ," al-
ways goes first in a new match, with a
free shot at the board and no math
problem ,

There's no way for one student to
practice alone, unless he or she types
two names. It would be nice to set dif-
ferent time limits, allowing a handicap
for players of different ages or skills;
the game doesn't permit it, though the
manufacturer hints at a future version
that will automatically speed things up
as one gets belter.

The documentation consists of two

6-by-8-inch sheets, run on a dot -matrix
printer in teeny-tiny mode. The tape
version comes with instructions for
transfer to disk under any DOS; the
disk version I tested came with no load-
ing instructions, and required putting
TRSDOS 1.3 in drive and loading
Mindwarp from drive 1 In Basic— all
right for parents or teachers, but a bit of
a chore for an eight-year-old.

Commas and loading instructions are
small complaints, and it's details rather
than major flaws that plague Mind-
warp. There's a good variety of math

-■Sae Ltsi of Adv»niS9rs on Page 371

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from US'* Two r*a*on*: (1) W* will ship your gam* to you within 24 hour*.
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WE stock over 100 dilterent games tor the TRS-80 Model I/Ill and COCO,
including all the leading manufacturers: 'Adventure Internationar. 'Big Five'.
"Fantastic Software'. "Funsotf , 'Med Systems', 'Melbourne House', 'Soft Sector",
'Spectral', 'Tom Mix" and many others.

CALL OUR TOLL FREE NUMBER AND WE WILL SHIP WITHIN 24 HOURS

Each month we print a list ot our panel's 1 favorite games. These are the games
that our panel likes best at the current time. It has no bearing on the company, if
the game will use a joystick, or to past sales. The reason we put this in is to give
you an idea of what games other arcade players really like.

FOR THE MODEL l/lll FOR THE COCO

' )

■ . DIG OUT . 1, DONKEY KING

OUTHOUSE 2) COLORPEDE

3 1

DEMON SEED 3 . DOODLE BUG

4 1

ASSAULT 4( PLANET INVASION

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CYBORG by Bill Dunlevy and Doug Frayer (l/lll only S19. 95/24. 9S

Ranked #1 for three months in a row" In a review in SOUS Bob Lidell says "Lovers of
Pacman" will be positively consumed by Cyborg Picture if you will ten or twelve
screens ol a maze grid No dots or distracting ghosts, just signal modules to collect
and mines to explode and the screens are interesting and vaned. There are all
manners of barners to dodge, shapes to remember, and robots to ram. One gets the
feeling he could play tor a month and not get bored. II is dynamic action, well
animated and as sophisticated as any advanced user would demand. It is different
from any currently-running twitch, and is sure to satisfy its user."

JOVIAN by Dunlevy and Frayer (l/lll only $1 9.95/24.95

Dunlevy and Prayer's outstanding space game this was my favorite game until
Liberator and Assault came along. A mixture of Space Castle and the myriad hybrid
Galaxian-lnvader Phoenix games. Uses Wrap Around Acton".

JUMBO (l/lll Disk or Tape $29.95)

You're in the cockpit ot a jum.bo 747, preparing for a spectacular flight* You are the one
and only pilot, which means thai all controls will be in your hands. You must first plot a
course to a variety ot places around the globe. Now prepare tor takeoff, watch the
array of dials and meters that line your control panel. Only you. an experienced pilot
can understand and react accordingly As you feel the plane ease into the air. be
prepared for anythingl Keep your eyes on the airspeed, but also keep the plane level,
watch all indicator lights while making the ride as smooth as possible As you
approach your destination, the automatic pilot kicks off and you must prepare for
landing. You release the landing gear, level the plane, and go into final approach.
Keep your nose up. and once you hit the ground, drop your flaps and hit (he air
brakes' You've done iti You've piloted your first successful mission, congratulations'
Where will you fly to next?

Written by a multi-talented programer along with BOA.C PILOT, JUMBO is most
definitely the best flight simulation on the market. Its well done control and indicator
board will allow you to feel the plane m motion. The program comes with maps of
several different regions of the world. And to help you understand a little about flying
and the use of this program, we've included one of the most extensive manuals ever
written for a software package of this type.

So whether you've ever flown before, or not (that's in a pilots seat), you'll most
definitely enjoy JUMBO,

1691 Eason • Pontiac Michigan 48054
Into (313)673-8700 • Orders CALL TOLL FREE (BOO) 3S2-8B81 . 1.

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80 Micro, May 1983 • 59

MicroSpoolef

Saves Time

MicroSpoolcrs mean an end to
M-aiting. The MicroSpooler stores
data and feeds it to your printer as
fast as it can handle it. You don't
lose valuable computer time
waiting for the printer to do its job.

Easy to install. Easy to use. Easy
on the budget. These stand-alone
MicroSpoolers can be installed in-
line between virtually any printer
and any computer.

Features:

• 16K memory (user expandable
to 32K or 64K) • Status readout
• Internal power supply • Vertical
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handshaking • Satisfaction
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REVIEWS

Send or call toll free for fileraiure
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W)O-525-670?

W * 80 Micro, May 1983

'405

problems, from 1 times 4 to multiple
operations in parentheses; given the
Model Ill's abysmal graphics, some of
the pictures are kind of cute. The game
gives math practice and memory exer-
cise, and, at the very least, is more fun

than flash cards.

Mindwarp won't draw kids away
from arcades — or from an Apple run-
ning Slickybear Bop — but, once they
begin, it'll hold their attention for a
while. ■

■k -k -k -k

System Dii^oslk 2.0
Howe Software
14 Lexington Road
New aty, NY 10956
Model 1 or III
$99.95 disk
$94.95 cassette

by William D. Allen

If you use your TRS-80 Model I or 1 1 1
for anything other than playing Space
Death Disaster, you should consider
buying System Diagnostic 2.0, an effec-
tive diagnostic program especially
useful in preventive maintenance (and
with Tandy's recalcitrant Model 1 RS-
232C interface board).

System Diagnostic independently
tests each of your computer's major
subsystems: ROM, RAM, video memo-
ry and display, keyboard, line printer,
cassette data interface, disk drive and
controller, and the RS-232C interface.

Options are selected from a series of
menus. The first menu solicits informa-
tion on your system, such as memory
size, number of disk drives, and so on.
This menu also gives you the opportuni-
ty to protect an area in high memory.

Note that System Diagnostic may not
function properly on the Model I, de-
pending on your operating system and
lowercase hardware, unless you load a
lowercase driver before going into the
diagnostic. However, if the driver nor-
mally sits in high memory you must
protect it or it can be destroyed by cer-
tain memory tests.

The second menu gives you the
choice of either testing individual parts
of the computer system or running a
relocating series of tests.

Repeating tests check the system
components most likely to cause trouble
due to intermittent failure: memory,
disk drives, and RS-232C interface.
Each cycle includes all the tests for
ROM, RAM, and video RAM, along
with a subset of the program's tests
for the disk drives and the RS-232C

interface.

You cannot alter this testing cycle as
the tests included are dictated by the
program. You can, however, eliminate
the disk drive and RS-232C tests by de-
claring on the first menu that these com-
ponents are not part of your system.

Errors made by the computer are not
retained on the screen or logged into a
disk file for later inspection. The only
way to check for failure during this cy-
cle of tests is to log them to your line
printer.

Ifyou select the individual test option
from the second menu, the program is
more flexible. Also, the error messages
are retained on the monitor until you
can read them. But you cannot force the
program to continuously repeal an in-
dividual test in order to find an inter-
mittent fault. A selected test runs to
completion and stops until you restart it
or begin another test. Eight subsystems
are listed on this menu.

The ROM test is a standard check-
sum test in which all the b>ies contained
in ROM are, in effect, added together
with only the least significant digits be-
ing retained. Actually, three checksums
are computed, one for each area of
ROM so that the resulting checksums
correspond to the results obtained
from the Radio Shack diagnostics.
ROM failures are rare, but it is com-
forting to see that they are OK and it
takes only a few seconds to run the test.

Several different tests are provided
for RAM. The first one tests RAM
below the loading address of the pro-
gram, 5500H, as well as that above the
program. Testing RAM presents a prob-
lem in that the test can destroy the pro-
gram doing the testing. This happens
when the program writes over itself.
Consequently, this quick, nondestruc-
tive test changes value at each location
back to the original after testing. It tests
all RAM except the loop doing the
testing.

The next option is a much longer,
more thorough test of memory that
writes all possible values to ail memory

Scanned by Ira Coldklang wwwtrs 8U com

REVIEWS

locations above the program area. Also
included in this menu is a glitch lest that
tries to induce memor\' errors by turn-
ing the tape recorder relays on and off
while running a short memory test.
Finally, there is a test of the dynamic-
memory refresh system.

The next item on the menu is a video
display test. It lets you test the character
generator, the video RAM, or the video
signal and display. The video-character
generator test sends all possible
characters to the display. You must ex-
amine each character to see that it is
properly formed. Video RAM is tested
with a write/read test to see if all possi-
ble values write to and read from the
video display memory.

The keyboard test is straightforward.
The display requests you to consecutive-
ly press each key. If a key is pressed and
the computer does not register it, an er-
ror message appears.

The line printer test is also straight-
forward. It prints a row of each ASCII
character on your line printer. This lets
you see whether or not any characters or
print positions are not printing correct-
ly. You can use this test with a serial
printer if you first load a serial-printer
driver. The same considerations men-
tioned before apply for the lowercase
driver.

The cassette recorder system is tested
in two steps. First the computer writes
out a tape using the cassette recorder.
Then the computer attempts to read the
tape when you play it back. The Model
111 version of this test allows you to lest
the tape system at both high and low
baud rates.

The most complete set of tests in this
program is for the disk drives. Almost
one-third of the manual is devoted to
disk systems and tests to be run on
them. There are seven tests:

• Drive select and disk-controller func-
tions—Tests the electronics and me-
chanics that position the head in the
disk drive.

• Track seek and verify read — A stress
test of the head-positioning mechanism
combined with an ASCII listing of each
disk sector's contents.

• Formatting — Shows disk format in-
cluding each sector's data address
marks, CRC bytes, and so on.

• Write/read/verify all tracks and sec-
tors — Writes a test pattern on each
track, leads it back, and checks it
against the original pattern.

• Write/read/verify without eras-

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80 Micro. May 1983 • 61

REVIEWS

ing — Same as above, except contents of
track are saved in a buffer and then
written back after the test.

• Disk drive timer— Measures the rota-
tional speed of a disk.

• Disk head cleaner — Moves head back
and forth for proper cleaning with
head-cleaning disks.

The last tests on the menu are for the
RS-232C interface. They check six
functions on the Model III. seven on the
Model I.

• Initialize RS-232C interface and
display switch positions (Model 1
only)— Displays current settings of
RS-232 with an option to alter the set-
tings controlled by software.

• Connector test — Checks electrical
connection of interface to computer.
This is very useful for Model I.

• Transmit data test— Uses DART to
transmit data. Verifies by checking
UART registers.

• Framing test— Checks relation be-
tween data and stop bits.

• Data loop test — Transmits data and
displays echoed data if loop exists.

• Baud rate generator test — Sets baud
rate generator to each different rate.

The Documenlation

The program's manual is 31 pages
long. It is typed script on slandard-size
paper and comes in a three-ring binder.
The documentation is good by any stan-
dards and excellent by microcomputer
standards.

It explains why a particular lest is per-
formed and what some of the error
messages might mean. For example, an
error in the memory test might not be
caused by a bad memory chip. In a
Model I, it is more likely to mean that
there was a bad connection between the
keyboard and expansion interface.

Dr. Howe also writes about preven-
tive maintenance and how to avoid
problems like erratic connections be-
tween the Model I and its infamous RS-
232C board.

There is only one suggestion of
Howe's with which I strongly disagree:
Cleaning your Model I edge connectors
with a pencil eraser is not a good idea.

You will get much better results if you
use cotton swabs and a tuner cleaner
that contains a lubricant.

My complaints are minor and mostly
relate to the choices for configuring
the program to your own needs. These
options are too many in some cases and
loo few in others. Also, a few points are
not adequately covered for beginners:
backing up the master disk, copying the
program to a system disk, and protect-
ing drivers in high memory.

The most serious criticism I have of
the System Diagnostic concerns the
continuous test mode. The program
cannot be configured to diagnose a
particular intermittent fault and you
are not allowed lo decide which tests to
include.

A second problem is that error mes-
sages produced during the continuous
test mode are not retained without a
printer thai can run for perhaps days at
a time. It would be nice to have the op-
tion of having the error messages either
retained on the screen or written to a
disk file.

$54.95 for COMPLETE SET

Ahhhh, instant relief! At last there is a
permanent cure for contact oxidation
on Model I edge connectors Many TRS-80
users are familiar with the symptoms un-
timely resets, spontaneous ret>oots. or the
inability to get the computer started at all
without a frustrating session wtth a pink
eraser

The Gotd Plug 80 is a well made device
consisting of an edge-card plug with gold
plated contacts, available with either 34 or
40 contacts. The rear of the plug has ter-

minal tabs which fit exactly over the ex-
isting foil fingers on the TRS-80's connec-
tors After installation, the original plugs
have been extended about a halt inch,
meantng that the plastic door covers no
longer tit This did not trouble me. but you
should take it into constderalion E A P s
advertising leaflet, by the way. cautions
you about the doors, which is refreshing
They also have the excellent policy of per
milling you to return any plugs Ordered for
a refund if alter seeing them you are un-

The Gold Plug 80

GOLD PLUG 80-E.A.P. COMPANY .216
P.O. Box 14 Keller, TX 76246 (617) 496-4242

willing to undertake the Instajlation.

An excellent set of instructions accom-
pany the plugs, and they are shipped
promptly I ordered mine by mail on a Mon-
day and received my set of plugs by first
class mail on Tuesday of the next week

Installallon

Installation requires a soldering \ton (I
use a 40-watt Weller). Rosm core solder, a
Phillips screwdriver and your last Pmk
Pearl The keytxiard and Expansion Inter
face have to be disassennbied to get at the
connectors, which are then cleaned — (he
eraser's last fimg The Gold Plug 60 is tit
ted over the existing plug with the con
tacts centered, and then soldered to the
board I have some soidenng experience,
but It proved to be an easy, sate job The
contact IS heated, a very small amount of
solder applied, and then you go on to the
next contact It took about an hour to do
all SIX plugs

II you are a little nervous about this kind
of work, note that all the contacts on the
underside of the RS-232 output connector
are grounded — that 'S, they are all con-
nected Start there: you can do no harm
and the practice will be helpful

The Gold Plug 80 set 1 bought included
all SIX plugs The plugs are available mdi
vidually for $9 95. or you can get a pair for
the keyboard to Expansion Interface
cable for S18 95

As I said earlier. ( did resolder every con
neclor on the machine, and I haven't had a
Single unwanted reset since ■

62 > 80 Micro. May 1983

REVIEWS

I also feel that some of the error
messages could be easier to understand.
A counter argument to this is that if you
are capable of actually repairing a com-
puter, you should be able to figure out
the error messages. Otherwise you
probably do not need to.

Another minor problem is ihe config-
uration procedure. If your computer
has certain types of circuit failures, the
diagnostic program may be destroyed
during the test. Consequently, confirm-
ing some problems requires reloading
the program several times. This is tedi-
ous with the current version of System
Diagnostic because you have to go
through the same menu questions each
time you run the program. There is no
way to modify the program so that it is
configured permanently to your system.
This is hardly a major failure of Ihe pro-
gram, and Dr. Howe has promised to
remedy this problem in the next
upgrade.

One undeserved criticism of System
Diagnostic is that it is an enhancement
of the old System Doctor once sold by
TBS, a company now out of business.
Having used both, 1 disagree. Only the
menus are similar. Howe's program is
not only different, it is much better,
especially the disk-drive tests.

The Model I version of System Diag-
nostic also works with the LNW80.
Note, however, that the checksum test
returns an error for ROM A because the
code is slightly different. (The correct
checksum for ROM A in the LNW80 I
tested was AAB3H.) The RS-232C
interface is also different on the LNW
because the baud rates are set by the
hardware rather than by the software.
Nonetheless, most of the RS-232C tests
are apphcable. Dr. Howe is considering
revising either the program or the man-
ual to reflect this. He also tells me that
the program works with the PMC, but I
have been unable to confirm that.

The program is distributed on both
cassette and disk. (1 tested Model I and
111 disk versions for this review.) The
disk is not a system disk, so if you're a
one-drive owner, buy the tape unless
you can get someone to copy the pro-
gram onto a system disk for you. You
should be able to dump the tape version
to a disk in a one-drive system. Check
your DOS manual.

All testing for this article was done
with MULTIDOS, but the System Di-
agnostic should function with any
DOS. If, however, you load the diag-

.'See List ot Aavenisers on Page 371

LIBERATOR iiyj.ii.crH.

Adventure, excitement, action, danger and even beautiful
girls! Liberators got it all! This fantastic arcade game will get
your heart pumpin' and your mind moving!

With your eyes glued to the screen and your fingers wrapped
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industrial park on a most dangerous mission. You must locate
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1982's most popular arcade game. Donkey Kong", comes to life on your TRS-80
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Model I/Ill.
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ClASH By ■III DMHltvy

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Mounted upon your great white winged stallion, prepare

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and the contest has begun With a firm grasp on the reins, manuever your horse

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Be warned. CLASH is for those nders of skill and reactions! Even one second of

carelessness can prove fatal. But for those who love a challenge and an adventure,

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80 Micro. May 1983 • 63

REVIEWS

nostic with one DOS and then test your
disk drives with disks formatted by an
incompatible DOS, you might have
problems.

I like Howe Software's backup, re-
placement, and upgrade policies. The
program is not copy-protected. You
can, and should, back it up as soon as
you get it. Nonetheless, if you wreck the

'7 like Howe Software's

backup, replacement, and

upgrade policies. "

original, the company will re-record the
program for you if you send the original
back. This service costs two dollars.

They also offer to make a backup for
registered owners for two dollars if you
send them a blank cassette or disk. Fu-
ture upgrades are expected to cost S20.
If you depend on your TRS-80, you
need the System Diagnostic. It is not
perfect, but it is the best TRS-80 diag-
nostic program I have used, and 1 have
ever> TRS-80 diagnostic available. ■

• ••*

Interface Projects for the TRS-80

(Model III)

Rkhan) C. Hallgren

Prentice Hall

Englewood Oiffs, NJ 07632

Softcover, 152 pp.

$12.95

by Gar>' A. Shade

/nterface Projects for the TRSW
details the Model Ill's I/O bus and
the hardware and software needed to
successfully interface specialty equip-
ment to it. Although the book is written
with the engineer and technician in
mind, anyone knowing the basics of
hardware and software construction
can understand it.

Hallgren presents 10 applications. He
not only explains the circuits and pro-
grams he presents, but the theory be-

"Although the book
is written with the

engineer and technician
in mind, anyone

knowing the basics, . .
can understand it. "

hind the circuitry as well. Most of the
software is written in Basic with a few
of the applications requiring Assembly
language. All the software can be easily

tailored to your needs.

Some of the applications presented
are: a slow-speed analog to digital
(A/D) converter, a high-speed A/D, a
joystick interface, a telecommunica-
tions program, biofeedback circuits (in-
cluding a heart-rate monitor), and a cir-
cuit to control a video recorder.

The last chapter of the book de-
scribes construction methods for pro-
totyping the circuits presented. This
is quite useful for the novice circuit
builder attempting to learn board lay-
out principles.

This book is well-written and easy
to read. If you're an engineer, tech-
nician, programmer, or a gamer in
need of a joystick. Interface Projects
for the TRS-80 should be on your read-
ing list. ■

• ••••

PLAN80 (Version 2.5)

Business Planning Systems

Two North SUte St.

Dover. DE 19901

Model n

$495

by Charles R. Perelmaa

PLAN80 is a sophisticated nnancial
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cial forecast or summary that does not
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accommodates cost/budget estimates,
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80 Micro, May 1983 • 67

What do people

who've used the

NEW amber or green

replacement CRT's

say about them?

I now have a happy com-
puter with a pretty orange non-
glare screen and Langley-St Clatr
has a very satpslied customer who
would not hesitate to recommend
thetr products and services again
"Thank you. Langley-StClatr''
Ed Feins
Union. New Jersey

REVIEWS

",, I decided to try out the
Langley orange (amber) unit, a
color that is popular in Europe
The results are impressive, not
only because the image is crisp
and well defined, but also because
of a subtlety in the phosphor
Itself - It decays (fades from the
screen) slower than the screen is
refreshed This means that the
usual screen flicker is gone, and
your eyes and brain can relax
through more hours of comput-
ing Also, the annoying screen
glitches (due to CPU accessing)
are significantly reduced

"The tubes are not very expen-
sive ($80 for green. $90 for amber,
and more for the soon-to-be-
released blue and red) and are
shipped with excellent instruc-
tions I installed my unit in less
than a half hour. There is no
soldering, only the removal and
replacement of a few bolts and
the tube socket .."

Dennis Kitsz

BO Applications Column

80 Microcomputing

LSIS'a NEW SOFT-VIEW
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SEE PAGE 29

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68 • 80 Micro, May 1983

'Lookup is a flexible
reference tool. "

to inquiries about the program and doc-
umentation, and stated they corrected
the problems 1 called to their attention.

Spread, also called ACRS (Ac-
clerated Cost Recovery System), is an
interesting new feature. You input cost
and the differing percentages applicable
to each year under ACRS. Depreciation
is spread over the years of life on the
basis of the percentages.

If you enter acquisitions for more
than one year, cost is properly allocated
for all assets, applying the sequential
percentages to each asset from its year
of acquisition. Depreciation for each
year is shown rather than the cumula-
tive totals of the regular depreciation
function.

Constructing a depreciation table for
a group of assets acquired at different
times over several years is very fast. This
function has potential for myriad uses,
particularly in forecasting.

Lookup is a flexible reference tool
comprising a table of ranges. Input data
is compared with each value in a table
and the appropriate complementary
value returned. For example, a table of
postage rates is used to determine the
cost of mailing a package. Lookup cov-
ers situations where relationships be-
tween data are irregular.

You have full use of the powerful
If. . .Then. . .Else formal, as well as
And , Or and logical comparisons .
Complex function combinations are
developed using parentheses.

The program's shifting feature uses
values from one fiscal period as dif-
ferent variables in a subsequent period.
This feature is particularly useful for
cash-flow analyses and similar pro-
grams that utilize data from prior peri-
ods. For example, a second-quarter bal-
ance of inventory or cash can be used as
the starting balance for the third
quarter.

PLAN80 jumps over rows or col-
umns while shifting. This permits you
to mix subtotals in rows or columns that
are skipped when reference is made to
data for a prior period.

Include is similar to its namesake in
some other compilers. With a simple
file-name reference, it acts as a
subroutine and calls external files into

the main program. Nesting is permitted.
You can build a library- of modules and
piece them together by including them
in a larger model.

Put places data from an application
into an external file. Using For you can
designate specific portions of the data
to be Put (saved). You can then Get the
saved file data into a new^ program in its
original form or merge it with existing
data (consolidation) or scale it (multipli-
cation or division).

PUTM and GETM will save titles,
columns, rows, and options sections,
but not rules or data. This saves the
outline and basic structure of your
model for use with different data. To
copy rules from one file to another, you
must use your text editor.

Options allows you to set the width of
row descriptions and all columns (indi-
vidual columns cannot be customized),
format page length and width, print
labels instead of full column or row
descriptions, choose a character to print
for zero values, insert commas in num-
bers, and use brackets for negative
numbers.

After you complete the application
file with your editor, run it with
PLAN80. Initial experiments will prob-
ably require returning to your editor for
debugging. In most instances PLAN80
lets you continue reading your appli-
cation file and spot errors without
aborting.

By continuing with your program as
far as PLAN80 will permit and making
a note of each error code, you can make
multiple corrections at one time. The
most annoying and lime-consuming
factor with a program like this is the ne-
cessity lo recompile (return to edit, save,
and then reload PLAN80) when de-
bugging.

Model files with an extension must be
called into PLAN80 with the complete
file name. Without an extension.
PLAN80 requires a period after the file
name. Omitting the period yields a file-
not-found error. This information, too,
is missing from the instruction manual.

If you choose to put results on the
screen after debugging, an entirely new
interactive display mode is available.
Like conventional spreadsheets, any da-
tum on the screen can be replaced and
the model run with the substituted data.

Cursor movement for vertical and
horizontal scrolling and choosing data
for change uses both upper- and lower-

Announcing an AM in One Program for tlie TRS-80

NOW, Your TRS-80 can
Write Programs for You.

Your computer is fantastically
fast. ..once it knows what to do.
You probably realize that a
computer is the combination of
hardware and software, workin;;
together smoothly, lo give you
what you want. Either one alone is
useless. Software is really ihe
key.. .the "mind" of a computer
system. Every project or task you
want lo do requires a new specific
software application lo make your
computer behave exactly the way
you desire.

Of course you may be able to
"force fit" your application into
some existing canned database
you have, but to really get results,
you need a separate application to
run on your computer.

Until now, that meant you were
forced to pay money for
application software off the shelf,
or if you could afford it, have it
custom written for you, or, if you
are qualified, do it
yourself.. .spending endless hours
figuring it out and writing it. Now.
your computer can write
individual application programs
for you. These programs are each
separate, unique software
programs that run in the standard
BASIC on your computer.

A Brand New Version

A company named ICR
FutureSoft has released its NEW
and long awailed version of
QUIKPRO+ called QUIKPRO*!!. It
actually writes separate BASIC
Programs for you... to do exactly
what you want to do. And it's
simple and easy lo use.. .you create
a new program in minutes instead
of hours.

You can quickly generate a new
program when you want it. You
can generate thousands of
different unique programs, each
one standing along as a complete
program that runs in BASIC. Best
of ail. you do not have to be a
programmer to use it. The

QUIKPRO*II software becomes
your personal programmer,
waiting to do your work for you
any time of day or night you
choose lo use it.

The All In One Program

The custom programs you can
generate from the new
QUIKPRO*II will let you perform
Personal Kilin;;. Fast Data
Retrieval, including Changes,
Deletions and Searches. You can
selectively Print Custom Letters,
all kinds of forms [if you have a
printer). This new feature is called
Free Form Reporting. You can
even include calculations in the
programs you create. QUIKPRO+II
is perfect for creating inventory
programs. You can use
QUIKPRO+II to prepare letters
and selectively address the letters
to only certain people. And of
course you can SORT your reports
so that they print out information
in the order that you wani it, or
print out only certain information.
In fact, you can actually use
QUIKPRO+Ii to create an easy to
use Data Management program or
a simple spread sheet. You can do
all of this and more with this All
in One program. ..and the best part
is that you need no BASIC
programming experience.

How Does It Work?

You do it simply by answering
easy questions that appear on your
screen. You won't have to learn
any Computer commands or
special Programming Languages.
Instantly the QUIKPRO+II
software instructs Ihe computer lo
write efficient error free. BASIC
Programs and puts the Programs
right onto your own disk, reidy
for you to use.

The resulting custom program is
truly a separate BASIC program.
You can list it. You can modify it.
You can customize it to your own
liking. You can actually see what
makes it tick. If you want to. you

can sell the programs you create,
without having to pay royalties or
fees.

Try It and See

The new QUIKPRO+II Software
is available now and can be
shipped immediately. The
QUIKPRO family of Programs has
proven itself to thousands of TRS-
80 users and now this new, more
powerful version is ready to help
you get the full enjoyment from
your TRS-80. As part of a special
promotion to encourage you to try
this next generation of computer
software, you can order
QUIKPRO+II for the Introductory
Price of $149,00 plus shipping &
handling, and of course there's a
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You can order right now by
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From Alaska or Hawaii

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during office hours Eastern Time,
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Send mail orders with check,
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information lo: ICR FutureSoft,
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■See Ltst ol Aavertistrs on Page 3T1

80 Micro. May 1983 • 69

REVIEWS

case ijkm keys or the WordStar esdx
and rafc sequences. Number and letter
combinations (such as 4i) move the cur-
sor several rows or columns. You can
move your display window to any loca-
tion in the model.

Headings are automatically retained
(rewritten) as the model scrolls, making
it unnecessary to lock them in place as
with some spreadsheets. Unfortunately,
it is time-consuming to scroll in any
direction because the entire screen is
blanked and rewritten whenever you
scroll.

A one-stroke print option sends the
displayed data and all following por-
tions of the model to the printer or a
disk file. This gives you some degree of
selective reproduction of information
and the ability to produce printouts of
models with different values.

By carefully locating summary sec-
tions toward the end of a model, you
can substitute data until a desired re-
sult is obtained, then save the final
results of a complex application without
printing the details. More specific limi-
tations print only the parts of a program
with print statements in the model
parameters.

If you are using a printer with Cen-
tronics parallel interfacing, you might
need to suppress the e.xtra line feed
(using SETMISC in P&T) or printouts
will be double-spaced.

Graphing is yet another feature of
PLAN80. Up to three row variables for
Y-axis variables can be plotted against
columns selected for the X axis. Choose
the variables to be graphed from your
model with a single keyed entry. It is
not necessary to create a different pro-
gram file.

Four formats are offered in sequence
with a press of enter: scatter, scatter of
cumulative amounts, bar graph with
bars for each selected variable displayed
together, or bar graph with bars for dif-
ferent variables side by side for each
period.

Scaling automatically fits the data
limits. You can change the upper or
lower limits for any variable and the
program adjusts the scaling.

No printout can be made of the
graphs unless you have a utility separate
from PLAN80 that enables you to copy
the screen.

With such intricate manipulations
available in PLAN80, the only desirable
features lacking are split-screen capabil-
ity and built-in sorting offered by some

70 • 80 Micro. May 1983

spreadsheets. Since this is a financially
oriented package, no statistical or engi-
neering calculus functions are included.

The manual is nicely prepared on
heavyweight 8 '/i-by- 1 1 -inch paper, with
sufficient margins for easy reading. It
comes in a three-ring binder that lies flat
for reference. Supplemental material
for version 2.5 and a cardboard quick-
reference card fit in a pocket in the front
of the manual. The card was not up-
dated to match page references in the
manual and several error codes found in
the manual are unexplained.

The manual includes a detailed table
of contents, repetition of the contents
information at the beginning of each
chapter, and, with one or two excep-
tions, lucid explanations of the soft-
ware. It is well-organized and contains a
number of instructive examples for the
novice as well as the exp)erienced user;
sample files are on the distribution disk.

I was disappointed by the skimpy in-
dex; it should be expanded consider-

ably. It is inconvenient to flip through
the table of contents scanning for a sub-
ject you didn't find in the index and
possibly taking two or three tries to find
a specific item.

Overall, PLAN80 is easy to use and
written in understandable English. With
practice and a good, full-feature word
processor or text editor, you can set up
and debug your applications quickly.
Extremely complex models can be con-
structed in modules and combined in
their entirety or selectively.

The possibilities for financial anal-
yses are practically unlimited, including
simple bank reconciliation or check-
book programs, sources and appli-
cations of funds, sensitivity analysis,
cost-center budgeting, and income and
revenue projections.

PLAN80 is a fine piece of software
and deserves consideration if you are
looking for a CP/M-based financial-
modeling program that produces
models of almost any complexity. ■

• *• •

Gemini 10 and 15 Printers

Star Mkronics Inc.

Suite 216

1120 Empire Central Place

DaUas, TX 7S247

Models I, II, III. 12, 16, Color

Gemini 10. $419; Gemini IS, $539

by John P. Mello Jr.
80 Micro staff

The Gemini 10 and 15 printers beg to
be compared with the Epson MX-80
and MX-100. From their appearance to
their performance, the printers from
Star Micronics of Dallas seem to be
clones of the omnipresent Epson. How-
ever, the Gemini twins have a few sell-
ing points in their favor — price, for one.

A check of 80 Micro advertising
shows one mail order house offering the
Gemini 10 for S399 and the 15 for $499.
The same house sells the Epson MX-80
for $425 and the MX-IOO for $640.

Also for the cost conscious: the Gem-
inis use standard $2.75 typewriter rib-
bons. MX-80 ribbons cost around $8
each; MX-100 ribbons $13 each.

To that price advantage add conve-
nience. If your Gemini ribbon suddenly

dries up on you, you can bop down to
the local drugstore for another one—
not so with an Epson.

The Geminis are bidirectional, logic-
seeking printers. Star Micronics rates
their speed at l(X) characters per second .
Head-to-head testing against the Epson,
though, showed the Geminis printed at
the same speed as iheir competitors,
about 80 characters per second.

The Gemini 10 features a lO-inch car-
riage while the Gemini 15 has a 15' :-
inch carriage. Both come with either a
parallel or serial interface.

Using a parallel interface with an Ep-
son cable (part number 8222) lets you
disable the paper-out sensor. This hap-
pens because the Epson cable uses sep-
arate pins for line feed and carriage re-
turn signals. You can achieve the same
effect by modifying pin 35 on a Radio
Shack cable (part number 26-1401 ).

Without an Epson or modified Radio
Shack cable, you can't disable the sen-
sor. During single-sheet pap)er feeding,
the printer stops after about 20 lines and
the out-of-paper buzzer sounds. Tight-
wads who refuse to buy a new cable, as
well as white belt chipsters who haven't
reached hacker status yet, can "fool"
the sensor by sliding a dummy sheet be-
hind the page after it's about halfway
through the printer.

In addition to friction feed, the
Geminis come equipped for pin-feed

Scanned by Ira Goldklang - www trs-80 com

THOft POINT OF SALE SYSTEMS

One or mof« THOR POS registers can be configured lo wot* with a single
Model Mil computef or our THOH Local Area Network descnbed below

HARDWARE:

Up to 64 user configureable keys

Ad|ustable lilt video monitor displaying 16 lines ol 32 ctiaracters.

20 character per line alphanumeric printer (40 optional)

Adjustable 6 digit numeric LED display

Cash drawer with manual (key) and automatic opening

RS-232 interlace to Model I III or other types of computers.

Optional bar OCR code scanning, scales and other peripherals.

SOFTWARE:

Automatic price lookup with product descriptions for over 65.000 items
when using a Winchester disk such as the THOR model descnbed
below

Optional inventory control with automatic depletion at the bme ol sales
and generation of below minimum stocking lists

Optional automatic entry of sales into a general ledger system

Common manager reports tor sales voids, discounts etc

The THOR POS hardware and standard software from $1799

SUPPORTING HARDWARE FOR THE THOR LAN

Printer Interface Supports Centronics parallel style printers

Serial pnnter mlertace

Smart modem capable of running appltcalion programs urKter remote
command

• THOR Z-60 based 64k Work Station— a low cost alternative LAN
station compared to existing microcomputers

SPECIALITY SOFTWARE FOR THE THOR LAN

Classroom Manager System

Now you can maintain rosters grades, attendance ar>d miscellaneous
records tor your classes (up to 99 students per class) Our test module
altows you to create any number ol multiple cfioice true la'se essay or
lill-in-lhe-biank questions in any combtnatfon Finally our lest administration
module ailows you to pnnt out or directly administer a random set ot test
questions via the computer Automatic scoring statist-cs about your stu-
dents and other features make this the most comprehensive software
available at this price . S199

Proparw Distributior Order lnvoK:e Statement Processing System

tf you are interested in tttts or a related business contact WMS for more

information

Medical Chiropractic Office Practice System

A compretwnsive low cost system for the one doctor or snull clinic. Includes
records, histories, invoices, word processing and more tur>ctions too numer-
ous to reference Call tor a detailed brochure

WMS Will Pay You To Use Our THOR Systems
II you have a speoalized vertical market requitement and are willing to be
a development test site, WMS will contract to pay you a royalty tor every
additional sale of the resultant software

Contact our technical staff tor more information concerning what a THOR
LAN system with specialized penpherals and software can do tor you.

THOR WINCHESTER DISK DRIVES

Disk capacity o( up to 40 megabytes or more lor your Model Mil
computer. Available in fixed ar>dor removable drive versions

External mounting m a Iwo-dnve case as shown or internal mounting

Each THOR System comes with a two dnve controller and interface
lo your Model I 111

Software available includes an optional operating system (LDOS or
NEWDOS-80) and diagnostics

The THOR Local Area Network can be field installed (See below)

THOR Winchester Disk Drive System from $1299

THOR LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)

A new concept is emerging An LAN now makes rt possible f(K the
smallest business or school to have multi-processing with shared access
of common files on a Winchester disk

The THOR LAN extends this concept The THOR LAN allows the use
of various microcomputers which you already own so that your present
investment is not made obsoiele Hardware software interfaces are avail-
able tor TRS-80. Apple and Alan IBM and Commodore are coming soon
The THOR LAN can support up to 254 users wrih over 4,000 feet of cabling
Ten cor>ductor ntibon cable allows easy addition of new computers Speeds
of up to one megabit per second are possible File protection is available
with multiple users having Ihe option to access any authorized information

LAN capabilities can be added to the THOR Winchester Disk System
described above tor just a small additional cost

THOR LAN Hardware Software from $2699

TRSDOS IS a trademark ol Tandy Corp LDOS is a trademark of Logical
Systems. Inc. NEWDOS-80 is a trademark of Apparal. Inc

Pnces are cash — Visa Mastercard American Express COD available
for a small acfcjitionai charge

Dealer er>qu(nes welcome

For Technical Information

or in Colorado Call

303/337-5909

Order Desk 1-800-641-3885

turns »

2760 /outh Havana^
Ruroro, Colorado 800T4

Scanned by Ira Goldklang - vvvvw.trs-8G.com

REVIEWS

and roller-feed operations. The Gemini
15 also accepts paper fed through a slot
on its bottom.

Both Geminis have a 2.3K buffer
with an optional 4K buffer.

All the print modes used by Epson—
double-width, condensed, italic, pro-
portional, and emphasized — are sup-
ported by the Geminis too. Other Ep-
son-style features include subscripts,
superscripts, underlining, and double-
strike printing. All print faces have true
descenders.

The Geminis use a 9-by-9 matrix to
print standard characters and a 6-by-6
matrix for graphics characters. The
matrices for bit imaging are 7- or
8-by-8 1 6 (single density) and 7- or
8-by- 1,632 (double density).

Four indicator lights, located at the
top right corner of the Geminis' molded
plastic case, tell you when the power is
on, the printer is on line, the data is be-
ing printed, and the paper is out. The
DIP switches are located on the outside
rear left corner of the printers. They are
more accessible than Epson's.

One disappointing feature of the
Geminis is their documentation. Their
operation manual is cold, dry, and ob-
viously written for experienced users. I

borrowed an Epson manual and re-
ferred to the Gemini manuals only when
necessary. This is truly a testament
to the similarity of the printers. The Ep-
son manual made working with the
Geminis fun.

The Gemini printers seem to be made
of a lighter weight plastic than Epson's.
And they are noisy, so don't run off
long program listings while the babies
sleep.

The Geminis come with a 180-day
warranty, excluding the ribbon and

printhead, which have a 90-day warran-
ty. Star Micronics rates the Geminis'
printhead life at 1(X) million characters
and the mean time before failure at 5
million lines. Both specs are equal to
Epson's

Overall, the Gemini 10 and 15 are
worth looking at if you're thinking of
buving a dot-matrix printer. Even with
the cost of an Epson manual added to
their prices, you still save money. And
you won't be trading off savings for
quality. ■

Printer

Gemini 10 and 15

Type

Dot Matrix

Feed

Friction, Pin, Roll

Speed

100 cps (manufacturer's spec)

Interface

Serial or Parallel

Density

9 by 9

Graphics

Block and Bit

Character Set

Normal. Emphasized, Condensed, Double-Width

Proportional

Buffer

Yes

Eogic Seek

Yes

Price

$419/5539

Manufacturer Star Micronics, Dallas, TX 75247

Table I. Primer Profile

*■***':

TC-8C High Speed Cassette System
Color Computer, 4K or more
1 or 2 eassette recorders
$129.95

* • • V2

JBLX; Monitor

Color Computer, 16K or more

S34.95. EPROM vereion (fits inside

TC-80 $29.95. Cassette version

JPC Products Co.

12021 Paisano Court N.E.

Albuquerque, NM 87112

by Scott L. Norman

Here are a pair of well-thought-out.
well-documented products for the
Color Computer. The TC-8C is an at-
tractive upgrade that lets you read from
or write to either of a pair of cassette
recorders, while JBUG is a good moni-
tor program with handy assembly/dis-
assembly features.

The TC-8C

The TC-8C is intended for those

72 • 80 Micro. May 1983

CoCo owners using cassettes for mass
storage, but who want more flexible file
handling than that allowed by a single
recorder. The system uses its own en-
coding format (a modified Huffman
pulse code) to nearly double the rate of
data transfei between recorder and
computer. For this reason, recorders
plugged into the TC-8C cannot be used
to read conventional Color Computer
tapes. You must, therefore, convert any
existing tapes that \ou want to use with
the new system. This is a simple proce-
dure that I'll describe later in this
review.

The manufacturer claims that the
TC-8C doubles the CoCo's effective re-
cording speed, and my measurements
agree. For example. 1 converted a copy
of Telewriter, which occupies the tape
between index numbers 7 and 22 on my
CTR-80A recorder, to TC-8C format;
the new version resided between 7 and 15
on the same counter. Since the recorder
runs at the same speed, the reduction in
tape length for a given program corre-
sponds to a reduction in recording (and
reading) time.

The TC-8C's housing resembles a

Radio Shack program pack \\'\ih the
free end thickened to accommodate a
pair of DIN jacks. Naturally, you plug
it into the CoCo's cartridge port. Insert-
ing the review sample was a little tricky.
The plastic case seemed to be a tighter
fit than usual, and 1 had to carefully
align the card edge connector with the
computer's cartridge jack. Once it was
seated, however, the assembly proved
to be solid.

The two DIN jacks are numbered 1
(rear) and 2. If you are going to use only
one recorder, plug it into the number I
socket, since this is the system's default.

The standard Color Basic dialects in-
clude commands for handling data with
just one recorder, so if you want to use
two recorders for increased versatility,
the TC-8C must handle the interfacing
job. It does this through CCCOS, a
mini-operating system contained in its
EPROM.

CCCOS has its own set of commands
for finding, naming, saving, loading,
and verifying programs. These com-
mands appear to be simple enhance-
ments to Color Basic; none of the stan-
dard commands are lost. In this respect,

REVIEWS

TC-8C operates like the EPROM-based
operating system in Disk Extended Col-
or Basic.

CCCOS does not autoexecute when
the Color Computer is switched on. To
bring it into action, enter EXEC 53248
or EXEC &HDOOO. The system executes
the routines required to splice into Basic,
and returns the OK prompt. CCCOS oc-
cupies about 600 bytes of RAM.

The TC-8C's 13 file-management
commands and five new statements
have now been added to the CoCo's vo-
cabulary, with no noticeable time lag.
Much of the new vocabulary resembles
stock Color Basic, with two differences:
The additions all begin with the @
character (@SAVE, @LOAD, and so
on), and many of them let you specify
the active drive. For example, recording
a Basic program named Stuff on drive
number 2 looks like this: @SAVE #2,
"STUFF". Many of the commands
have a similar syntax.

Commands and Statements

Now let's look at TC-8C's unique
commands used for manipulating the
hardware and getting complex pro-
grams on or off tape.

I've already mentioned @LOAD and
©SAVE, which are used for Basic files:
for machine-language material, the cor-
responding commands are @LOADM
and @SAVEM. There is one difference
here from Color Basic: the stan. end.
and transfer addresses for @SAVEM
and the optional offset for @LOADM,
must be in hex. You must omit, how-
ever, the prefix &H.

To add to your peace of mind, a pair
of commands check newly- recorded
files to make certain they agree with the
contents of RAM: ©VERIFY and
©VERIFYM.

To use these verification commands,
make the recording, rewind the tape
past the beginning of the new file, and
enter the appropriate command. The
original file must be in memory, of
course. Next, the tape is read and com-
pared with the original; an error mes-
sage is generated if needed. This allows
you to make a new recording if need be.
(In my opinion, one of the most attrac-
tive features of the original cassette ver-
sion of Telewriter was the ability to
check the validity of a recorded text file.)

With the @RUN command, you can
load a Basic program through the TC-
8C and run it immediately. Similarly,
@RUNM lets you execute machine-

language programs more quickly than
Color Basic's CLOADM "— *': EXEC
combination. By the way. the TC-8C
uses @GO to replace EXEC. Again, if
you use an offset it must be in hex with-
out a prefix.

In Color Basic, vou obtain a tape file
listing with SKIPF "XX". where XX is
a dummy file name. The TC-8C uses
@DIR for this purpose. If @DIR is
used with a legitimate argument, the
tape stops after that file is read. If you
just want to position the tape at the end
of the next file, simply enter @DIR
without an argument.

"The TC-8C is worth a

close look if you have

decided against disk drives

for your system. It gives

you the best control you 'II

ever have over your cassette

drives. "

The last three TC-8C commands are
@ON, @OFF. and @KILL. @ON is
equivalent to MOTOR ON, except that
you can specify a drive number. @OFF
opens reed relays in the TC-8C cartridge
to turn off both motors, and therefore
uses no argument. @KILL exits CCCOS
and returns to Color Basic.

The TC-8C has five additional pro-
gram statements for handling data files.
Once again, these are similar to Color
Basic statements, with the added option
of specifying a drive number.
• ©OPEN— Prepares CCCOS to han-
dle data files. Its mandator>' arguments
are I or O, which specify whether the
file will be input to the computer or out-
put to tape, and the file name. The drive
number is optional. One file buffer for
both input and output can be open at
the same time, provided that two re-
corders are connected.

If you want to read the file
"TESTDATA" from drive number 2,
for instance, the statement: ©OPEN
#2,"r',"TESTDATA" must appear
first in the program. (Note that there is
no argument corresponding to Color
Basic's "#-1" to specify cassette opera-

tion; the @ prefix takes care of that, in
a way.)

• ©CLOSE — Closes an opjen file buf-
fer. It must be used before another buf-
fer can be opened for the same pur-
pose — input or output.

• ©PRINT— Writes numerical and
string data into an ©OPENed cassette
file. Multiple variables are output in a
single line if separated by the delimiter
;","; as in this example: ©PRI?^
X;",'*;Y;**,";ZZ$(K). Admittedly, that
lengthy delimiter siring is not one of the
TC-8C's most attractive features.

• ©INPUT- Reads data from a cas-
sette file. I'm happy to report that the
delimiter in an ©INPUT variable list is
a simple comma.

• ©EOF— This is the TC-8C end-of-
file variable, and is nonzero only at the
end of a data file. You use it to set up
program branches: IF ©EOF < >
THEN nnn, where "nnn" is the desti-
nation statement number for the
branch.

The TC-8C manual gives clear ex-
amples of all the statement syntax op-
tions. It also contains complete listings
for two Basic programs for general
data-file handling: one for a single
recorder, one for a pair. As they stand,
the programs are useful for maintain-
ing, say, a small mailing list. They also
serve as excellent models of cassette
programming for similar applications.

Converting Standard
Cassette Programs

I mentioned earlier that standard
cassette programs must be converted to
the TC-8C's format. Here's how I did
the job for my faithful old copy of
Telewriter.

I connected one recorder containing
Telewriter to the Color Computer's
own DIN jack, and a second recorder
(with a blank tape aboard) to pon H2 of
the TC-8C. After powering up and ex-
ecuting TC-8C, I loaded Telewriter as
usual. I then saved it on the second
recorder, using the three addresses given
in the Telewriter manual: ©SAVEM
#2, "TELEWRIT". 1E28, 375A,
1E2E. Being a cautious sort, 1 rewound
the tape and verified the new copy:
©VERIFYM #2, "TELEWRIT". And
that was it!

A couple of points about this process
are worth highlighting. First, I used
both the TC-8C and the Color Com-
puter cassette ports; the implication
here is that you could use three recorders.

80 Micro, May 1983 • 73

REVIEWS

Why would you want to? For cxamf^,
you might keep a file-management pro-
gram on one recorder plugged into the
Color Computer's DIN jack and use
another pair of recorders connected to
the TC-8C for the data files themselves.
The old files are now on recorder #1,
and the new updated files are written to
recorder #2. This system gives cassette
users some of the flexibility enjoyed by
disk system owners.

At the other extreme, 1 could have
completed the whole process with a
single recorder by loading the program
with the recorder connected to the
CoCo port, and then reconnecting it to
the TC-8C to receive the conversion.
It's awkward, but possible. To be
perfectly honest, though, the only ad-
vantage the TC-8C offers single-cassette
users is its higher operating speed, and
it's questionable whether that is worth
the price.

If you need multiple-recorder opera-
tion, though, it's hard to see how you
could go wrong with the TC-8C. The
cost of a system and a second recorder is
less than half thai of the Radio Shack
disk controller and first drive, so there is
a genuine trade-off between savings and
the convenience of disks.

The TC-8C documentation is excel-
lent as well. It clearly describes each
command and statement, together with
CCCOS variables and constants for
those inclined to tinker. It is also pre-
sented in a very professional package.

The TC-8C is worth a close look if
you have decided against disk drives for
your system. It gives you the best con-
trol you'll ever have over your cassette
drives — at least until someone finds a
way to make them rewind under pro-
gram control!

JBUG

The JPC's JBUG monitor is avail-
able in a 2732 CMOS EPROM for in-
stallation within the TC-8C cartridge. It
also comes in the garden- variety cassette
formal.

JBUG performs the standard system-
monitor functions on behalf of Assem-
bly-language programmers. Single-
letter commands, followed by hex
addresses, let you examine and change
values in memory, list blocks of mem-
ory conienis, set breakpoints, display
the contents of the 6809's registers,
jump to a given location to begin pro-
gram execution, and list material on a
printer.
74 < 80 Micro. May 1983

JBUG can't save and load binar>' cas-
sette files — ihose chores are left to Basic
or 10 the TC-8C — but it does offer a
couple of features not normally ex-
pected of a monitor: direct assembly to
memory and disassembly of an>thing
already resident in ROM or RAM.

The EPROM version of JBUG re-
sides in a 4K block beginning at 57344
(hex EOOO), while the cassette version
automatically loads into 12288-16383.
The program is written in position-inde-
pendent code, though, so you can move
it to the top of a 32K machine. In the
same way, you can copy the EPROM ver-
sion into RAM and subsequently record

''JBUG can 7 save and load

binary cassette files —

those chores are left to

Basic or to the TC-8C—

but it does offer

a couple of features

not normally expected

of a monitor:

direct assembly to memory

and disassembly of anything

already resident in RAM

or ROM/'

it on tape. Even if you upgrade to a disk
system in the future, JBUG is still
usable.

JBUG's commands are fairly simple
to understand. In fact, they resemble
those of several other monitors. Let's
take L (List) as an example. If xxxx and
yyyy are any hexadecimal memory loca-
tions, Lxxxx,yyyy displays everything
between them (yyyy must be the larger
number). The screen display format is
16 lines of four bytes each, in both hex
and ASCII. You use the spacebar to ad-
vance to the next block of 64 locations;
any other key terminates the conmiand.

The syntax of the Memory Change
and Examine command is Mxxxx.
JBUG displays this "pointed address"
followed by its contents. You change
the contents by entering any two-digit
hex number, or by moving forward or
backward through memory one loca-
tion at a time. The enter key moves you
I forward, while shifl-up arrow followed

by enter moves you backward. Any
non-hex character followed by enter re-
turns you to JBUG's command mode.

You use this method to enter short
machine-language routines through a
monitor. However, JBUG also offers
the A (Assemble) command for work-
ing with standard 6809 mnemonics. It is
by no means a full-featured assembler,
but it makes life much easier for the
pr<^rammer.

The A option has a few peculiarities
of its own, mostly arising from the
small size of JBUG itself. All numeric
values in Assembly- language input
must be in hex, preceded by the S (dollar
sign). Registers are designated by single
charaaers, so the stack pointer and pro-
gram counter become S and P, respec-
tively. Left and right square brackets are
ffHmed by the shift-down arrow and
shift-right arrow combinations.

To use the command, enter A fol-
lowed by the hex RAM address where
assembly is to begin. The address is dis-
played and JBUG pauses for keyboard
input. Next, enter the mnemonics for
the first command. JBUG performs the
translation to machine code, displays it
along with the original ASCII, and pro-
ceeds 10 the next address. Hitting enter
unaccompanied by mnemonics termi-
nates assembly.

The D command, followed by a pair
of hex addresses, results in the disas-
sembly of any machine code located
between its arguments. Ten lines of
code are displayed on the screen at a
time. The space bar advances every-
thing to the next ten instructions, while
enter terminates disassembly.

If an undefined instruction is encoun-
tered, a Syntax Error tnessage terminates
the process. You can use this to diagnose
material entered with the A command.
(Because of JBUG's limited size, it is
possible to enter improper instructions
that are not deteaed during assembly.)

Any JBUG option preceded by a P
has its output directed to the printer as
weD as to the screen. Therefore, P, D,
AOOO, and AlOO, produce a printed list-
ing of the disassembled machine code re-
siding between locations AOOO and AlOO.

The remainder of JBUG's com-
mands are fairly standard. Bxxxx sets a
breakpoint at hex address xxxx; upon
execution the program stops at that
point and the contents of the 6809' s reg-
isters are displayed on the screen. The J
(Jump) option is used to transfer pro-

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REVIEWS

gram control either directly (if followed
by a valid hex address) or indirectly
(if followed by an address in square
brackets).

The Go option, G, permits process-
ing to continue following a breakpoint
trap. Control is restored to the address
of the last restored breakpoint. The
Register Dump, R. reprints the values
of the registers preserved at the last
breakpoint trap. Finally, X returns you
to Color Basic.

Once again, the JPC documentation
leaves little to be desired. Besides a
detailed description of each JBUG

"JBUG doesn't do it all...

However, I have found the

program to be a simple,

compact, and friendly

tool. "

command, the manual contains a thick
appendix on 6809 programming. This
material is taken directly from the Mo-
torola Programming Manual for the

microprocessor, and is attractively pre-
sented; for example, each instruction
gets its own page.

JBUG doesn't do it all; instructions
for examining and immediately chang-
ing register contents come to mind.
However, 1 have found the program to
be a simple, compact, and friendly tool.
The assembly and disassembly options
don't hurt a bit, either. Hardcore As-
sembly-language enthusiasts will prob-
ably need other tools, including a
higher-powered assembler, but JBUG
still represents a very reasonable
value.!

Cyberchess Chess Improvement

System

Cyber Enterprises

17517-K Fabrics Way

P.O. Box 2066

Cerritos, CA 90701

Model I and III 32K, one disk drive

$29.95

by Terry Kepner

Cyberchess is a teaching tool for
people serious about learning to im-
prove their chess skills, both amateur
and professional. The games are divid-

ed into two categories: unrated to 1 ,650
tournament strength, and 1,600-2,250
tournament strength. Unlike some
other microcomputer chess programs,
Cyberchess doesn't challenge you to
play a game that depends on the pro-
grammer's chess skills to beat you, nor
does it take one or two games to teach
you preprogrammed gambits or moves.
Instead, Cyberchess lets you participate
in games that have been played in bona
fide tournaments.

More than a demonstration of vari-
ous moves that can be used to your ad-
vantage, Cyberchess makes it possible
for you to play the grand masters of
chess at your level, your speed and your
convenience. And the grand masters

ANIT-SYS/GAME I
LEVEL: BEGINNER
L0N-Q2
2.PXP
3.Q-03

4. B-02

5. B-N5 +
6.0-0

LOSING DRAW WINNING

MOVE #: 1
DFCLTY: - I

PRESS THE MOVE # OF YOUR CHOICE
Figure I

A.MT-SYS/GA.ME I
LEVEL: BEGINNER

L-1

2.PxP

3Q-Q3

4. B-02

5. B-N5 +
6.0-0

LOSING DRAW WINNING

NOT QUITE AS GOOD AS TEXT

MOVE #: 1
DFCLTY:*!

PRESS THE MOVE # OF YOUR CHOICE
Figure 2

teach you by analyzing and correcting
your moves and telling you what's
wrong and what's right about each
move you make.

The software package consists of a
master system disk and over 55 four-
game disks available in each of two cat-
egories — amateur and professional.
You begin with the master system disk
containing the main programs, instruc-
tions and four games (two amateur and
two professional). Once you've mas-
tered the games on this disk, you can
buy the next disk in your rating field.
There are several hundred games, gam-
bits and techniques to learn.

For example, in the amateur rating,
disk AMT-OOI teaches the Center
Counter opening, the French Defense
(how to exploit a weak opening play by
your opponent), the Sicilian Defense
(how to storm a fianchettoed King's
wing), and the Queen's Gambit Declined
(how to sacrifice a rook and bishop lo
pursue the opponent's exptosed king).

The professional disk, PRO-OOI, an-
alyzes Philidor's Defense (how sound
development ends in a strong attack),
Ruy Lopez (how sound play exploits an
inferior opening play by the opponent),
Larson (how white, after a sacrifice, can
avoid rushing to the kill and deliberately
foil each trap as it appears), and Evan's
Gambit (how to exploit an attempt to
attack with insufficient force and coun-
terattack forcefully).

The system is simple to use: first, set
up a chess board beside your computer.
You'll play most games with real boards
and pieces. There isn't enough room on
the video for the game board, your
move choices, their comments and anal-
yses, and other information.

Next put your CXDS disk in drive 0,

76 • 80 Micro, May 1983

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80 Micro. May 1983 • 77

REVIEWS

the Cyber System disk in drive 1, and
type CYBER at the DOS Ready prompt.

The software, a compiled Basic pro-
gram using Simutek's ZBASIC, auto-
matically checks to determine which
games are on your disk. If you want to
use one of the data disks, copy the
Cyber program to your DOS disk and
put the data disk in drive 1 before typing
CYBER at the DOS Ready prompt.

Cyberchess lists the four games on
the disk, the color you'll be playing , the
United States Chess Federation (USCF)
rating, and the opening move for each
game. It then asks which game you wish
to play. After making your choice, the

program gives you a brief summary.

1 chose the first beginner's game on
the system disk and it told me:

PROGRAM AMT-SYS GAMEff: 1
CLASS: AMATEUR

IN THIS GAME YOU PLAY THE WHITE
PIECES.

THE OPENING USED IS THE QUEEN'S
GAMBIT ACCEPTED.

THE GAME SOURCE IS 500 MASTER
GAMES PAGE 455.

YOUR PLAYING PARTNER IS INTERNA-
TIONAL GRANDMASTER ALEKHINE.

YOUR OPPONENT IS NATIONAL MASTER
BOOK.

GAME PLAN:

AMT-SYS/GAME 1
LEVEL: BEGINNER

1.
2.

3.
4.
5.

6. (H)

LOSING DRAW WINNING

NOT QUITE AS GOOD AS TEXT

YOU MIGHT DO BETTER THAN
THAT TERRY

ALMOST AS GOOD AS TEXT

NOT QUITE AS GOOD AS TEXT

YOU MIGHT DO BETTER THAN
THAT TERRY

PRESS THE MOVE # OF YOUR CHOICE
Figure 3

MOVE #: 1
DFCLTY: + 1

AMT-SYS/GAME 1
LEVEL: BEG INNER
LQN-Q2

2.PxP

3.Q-Q3

4. B-Q2

5. B-N5-f
6.0-0

LOSING DRAW WINNING

MOVE #: 1
DFCLTY: +1

N-B3

<=CORRECT. PLAY
YOUR MOVE AND THE
REPLY ON THE
CHESSBOARD
PRESS MOVE « TO DISPIAY ANALYSIS OR PRESS SPACE TO GO ON

Figure 4

AMT-SYS/GAME 1

LEVEL: BEGINNER
I.QN-Q2

LOSING DRAW WINNING

MOVE It: 1
DFCLTY: + 1

THE N IS BETTER LOCATED AT
B3

2. P X P ALLOWS A Q EXCHANGE LOSING

CASTLING RIGHT AFTER QxQ +

3. Q-Q3 BRINGS Q OUT TOO EARLY AND

Q IS MORE IN THE WAY THAN
ANYTHING

4. &^2 A VERY PASSIVE AND POOR

LOCATION FOR THIS B

5. B-N5 + ONLY HELPS BLACK TO

DEVELOP WITH B-Q2
e. 0-0 GETS K INTO SAFETY OUT OF

THE CENTER

PRESS MOVE # TO DISPLAY ANALYSIS OR PRESS SPACE TO GO ON
Figure 5

THIS GAME ILLUSTRATES THE DEPTH OF
A MASTER'S THOUGHT PROCESS BY FOL-
LOWING HIS INDIRECT PLANNING
SCHEME. WHITE SETS UP AN INTRICATE
AND WELL-HIDDEN ROOK SACRIFICE
COMBINATION WHICH AFTER EXE-
CUTED REQUIRES THE UTMOST OF PRE-
CISE FOLLOW-THROUGH TO SUCCEED
INTO A WINNING ENDGAME.

After this, you select the conditions
under which you want to play. Your
choices are:

• Instruction — an untimed game with a
move-analysis option.

• Tournament Mode 1 — a timed game
without analysis. Forty moves are re-
quired in the first two hours of play, fol-
lowed by 20 moves per hour thereafter.

• Speed Chess Mode 1 — a timed game
lasting from one minute to 60 minutes,
without analysis.

• Sr)eed Chess Mode 2 — a timed game
lasting from 10 to 60 seconds, without
analysis.

Next select the USCF tournament
level at which you want to play: begin-
ner (below 1,200); intermediate
(1 .200- 1 ,350); advanced {1 ,350- 1 .500);
and top (1,500-1,600). Professional
disks use a similar four-level rating,
with tournament strength from 1 ,600 to
2,200.

After selecting the game, game condi-
tions and game level, you're ready to
begin. If necessary, you'll be told to
make several initial moves to get the
board set up to the gambit you're inter-
ested in. To make sure you haven't
made a mistake, a graphics presentation
of the board layout is placed on the
screen (this is also done every ten moves
during the game).

Now you're ready to play. The screen
clears and five possible moves are dis-
played (see Fig. 1). The game number
and level are at the upper left of the
screen, while the move number and dif-
ficulty factor are displayed at the top
right. Between these displays are the
words Losing, Draw and Winning.
Underneath these words is a graphic
line, with a dot under one of the words.

The dot indicates your success or fail-
ure. If you make a wrong move the dot
appears to the left under the word Los-
ing; when you make a good move the
dot appears right under the word Win-
ning. To win a game the dot must be
under the word Winning.

The exact ratio of winning moves to

78 • 80 Micro, May 1983

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Luckily, all that was mi&ing vas the
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k, suddenly as the robbery had occunwl.
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If \T)u use >wr microcomputer for busi-
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REVIEWS

losing moves determines whether you
win, lose or draw. One disastrous move
immediately sacrifices the game.

\\'hen you choose a move Cyberchess
lets you know whether or not it is ap-
propriate (see Figs. 2, 3 and 4). In Fig. 4
all possible moves are displayed along
with the points you lost.

Now for the analysis. Press the num-
ber of the move you want analyzed and
the grand master's thought on thai
move is displayed (see Fig. 5).

Now you're ready for the second
move, repeating the above procedure.

Once you've finished a game, you're
by no means through with it. As the
authors state in the documentation,
"Most people with ratings below 2,200
won't memorize a specific game in one
or two plays, and in a few days it can be
replayed at any level."

In Conclusion

Cyberchess is a unique, interactive
system for practicing and improving
your chess skills. It is designed for both
professional and amateur players, and
although beginners can use it to learn

the details of plaving chess, you have to
be familiar with the game pieces, their
moves and board directions (all these
details can be acquired from a
beginner's text on chess).

This system noticeably impro\ed my
game-playing ability. Several com-
panies have introduced packages to
teach the finer points of chess, but most
end up teaching only one or two gam-
bits. If you wanted to improve your
game, you had to resort to chess books,
magazines and clubs. Cyberchess has
changed that picture considerably. ■

*••

Su pa-
Institute for Scientific Analysis
P.O. Box 7186
Wllmlnglon. DK 19803
Model I, 11, III, and 16
$250
$295, CP/M version

by Wynne Keller

For over a year I've seen small ads
in SO Micro for a data ba.se called
Super by ISA. The ads never grew big-
ger, but they never disappeared either.
Curious, I decided to review it. and I am
happy to announce that Super far ex-
ceeded my expectations.

While the package lacks sophistica-
tion in some senses, its overall data-
handling capabilities are impressive.
Because Super is able to post transac-
tions, it can stand alone in most busi-
ness environments, without au.xiliary
programs to access the data file.

1 reviewed the Model III TRSDOS
version, which is provided on a format-
ted disk: you supply the DOS. Super
cannot be moved from one operating
system to another, because DOS com-
mands are used within the program. So
be sure to specifv your DOS when
ordering. DOSPLUS, NEWDOS, and
LDOS are all supported.

1 found the instructions for merging
the program disk with TRSDOS confus-
ing, but 1 was assured that new instruc-
tions are being written and will appear
with the next release of the program.

On the whole, the manual is clearly
written, although its organization seems
odd at first because getting started is not
discussed until the middle of the book-
let. The author intends to familiarize

80 • fiO Micro, May 1983

you with program operation and data-
base layout before covering the specifics
of initializing a data base.

This means thai it is sometimes neces-
sary to look in several locations for in-
formation you need. Fortunately the
manual features a complete table of
contents and an index to make this task
easier. The documentation is contained
within a hardcover three-ring binder
and is daisy-wheel printed on one side
of the page.

Initializing a new Super data file is
different from most data bases because
there are so many field types. These
field types allow for data compression
and potentially significant saving of
disk space. Three types of alphanumeric
fields are available: alphabetic— capital
letters with a few special characters such
as a comma; printable — capital letters
with all other keys; and literal — all keys,
including lowercase. Both alphabetic
and printable fields are compressed.
Every three characters of alphabetic
field entries are compressed to two, and
every four characters of printable field
entries are compressed to three. Both
fields are slower than literal, which is
not compressed.

There are 14 types of numeric fields,
and with careful selection you can
achieve significant disk-storage econ-
omy. Three special-purpose fields are
Telephone. Date, and Code. Telephone
numbers are packed into four bytes.
Dates into two. In each case, the num-
ber entered is checked to see if it is rea-
sonable. The Code field stores up to
eight one-digit code numbers in one
byte, and the presence or absence of
each of the eight digits has a special
meaning.

During initialization, you have an op-
portunity to correct errors after each

section. The data file spans from one to
four drives. It is also jxissible to have
several initialized data files on one disk.

You can design data-viewing screens
within limits, although this capability is
less sophisticated than with some other
data bases on the market. There is only
one screen per data file, but it is easy to
change the screen at any lime. You
never have full use of the screen because
a corrections menu is displayed along
the screen's bottom during all edit
operations.

Another drawback is the size limit
imposed on mailing labels. A mark on
the screen indicates how much informa-
tion fits on a mailing label; all fields that
appear on a label must be placed within
these boundaries.

Super provides se\eral types of
reports. A horizontal report is available
that prints each field in the order in
which it was initialized. This report can
span two lines, but wraparound occurs
at the end of the first line, \\hich may
look messy. It is also possible to sF>ecify
the fields used in the repori, in which
case the printing order is the order in
which the fields are selected.

A screen-formal report is also a\ail*
able; it prints each record as it appears
on the screen display, with one space
belween each. Screen-format reports
cannot exceed 64 characters across, but
may be more than two lines, and they
will not suffer from wraparound. If you
design the screen with this printout in
mind, the report section is easier to use.

Many of the disadvantages of this re-
port system could be overcome if report

designs could be saved on disk for later
use, but this is not possible. On the posi-
tive side, you can obtain reports very

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While it sounds complicated, wtiat it
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record in your data base (up to 10.0CXD
records) in one second flat

Dolo-Wrtter is a powerful dota base manager Use
it witti a word processor or by itself as a complete sys-
tem for manoging textual and numeric data

DATA ENTRY: You may define up to 20 variable- length
fields of up to 240 charocters each with your word proc-
essor, or 20 fixed- length fields of up to 35 characters with
Data-\M'iter's Entry program Special features perform
validity ctiecks on your data during entry

HIE ACCESS: Once your data base fiie is created use
Access to review existing records, make changes and
odd new records Access any record m your dato bose
in just one secorxJ

HLE MANAGER: Restructure your data base without
editing it Add new fields, delete fields, rearonge fields,
oppervd one field to orrather

SELECT: Create a subset of your file by specifying limitir^g
criteria, such as SELECT IF SEX = F or SELECT IF AMOUNT
> 100 Several select statements may be combined
Use this powerful feature to send form letters to all the
females in your data base or just fo the doctors

SORT: A fast two-level sort, lets you sort on any field with-
out having previously designated it as a key Vou can
even sort by last name or zip code embedcted inalir»e

REPORTS: Write reports such as inventories occounts
poyable and receivable, insuronce coverage, stock
issues the list is endless FVint totals and subtotals of
columns of data Save your format on disk

MATH PROCEDURES, LABELS. FORM LETTERS.

Use Data- Writer for order tracking, client billir^g, expense
recordkeeping, operational reporting with totals arx3
subtotals, form letter production to a karge list or a sub-
set, maiiirig list maintenance arxJ other business and
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Doto-Wrller is both powerful and easy to use.

Here s v>rfiat Data-\^fri*er users say

"I would like to congratulate you on your excellent

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For the TRS-80 Models i. III C48K. 2 disk drtves. lower cose re-
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-See L'St qI Adu^rt'sers on Page 3T1

80 Micro. May 1983 • 81

REVIEWS

quickly with this program. You don't
need to set up formats and read through
the manual just to get a printout. Ac-
cording to ISA, the next program re-
lease lets you store report formats.

The report option's last drawback is
that page lengths are fixed and you can-
not control them. Therefore, it's im-
possible to do special printing jobs, like
printing 3-by-5-inch cards.

In all reports, you can select which
records you want printed. Subtotals and
totals are available with the horizontal
report. Also, you can display reports on
the screen instead of on the printer, a
nice feature.

Super's Add mode has an unusual
feature called production input. This
lets you transfer data to each record
from as many fields as you wish without
keystrokes. Many data bases allow
transfer of the contents of only one field
at a time from the previous record dur-
ing the Add mode.

Production input takes the concept
further. Suppose you enter a mailing list
that sorts by zip code. The zip code,
slate, and town fields are all established
with the first entry. With Super you
enter the production input and relax
while the zip code, state, and town are
automatically placed in the fields. En-
tering a new town name and zip code
stops the process. The new information
is then entered automatically until you
make another change. This is an e.\-
cellent time-saving feature.

The add and edit screens are not as
sophisticated as they could be. The Add
mode displays field prompts one at a
time, so you cannot see all the fields
when you begin. At the end of each rec-
ord, you must use two unnecessary key-
strokes, one to confirm there are no cor-
rections and another if you want to add
more records. It is preferable to have
special keys with these functions, such
as Clear, to return to the menu.

The edit screen displays field num-
bers and names below a line drawn on
the screen; you must match the field you
wish to edit with its number. It would be
easier if field numbers were adjacent to
their respective fields.

Manipulating the Data

The select function is excellent. In ad-
dition to the select options available in
most data bases, Super can select by
comparing one field's contents lo
another for all numeric, calculated, and
date fields. This is useful in an inven-

82 • 80 Micro. May 1983

tory. You could compare the Quantity
on Hand field with the Reorder Point
field and select items whose stock quan-
tity is lower than the reorder point.

A fast binary search is available for
sorted records. Other searches include
substring, range, and searches on a code
field. All searches on more than one
field use the logical AND; that is,
records arc selected only if they meet
search criteria in every field.

You can calculate the four basic math
functions using any number of fields
and store the results in another field.
Equations entered from the keyboard
or stored in a disk file are applied to
fields of your choice. An important
feature is that you can change a calcula-
tion at any time, even calculat ions
entered during initialization.

Easily the most important function
for a business is the ability to post trans-
actions. Super is the only data base 1
know of with this feature. To use it, you
need two data files, and at least one key
field must be identical in both. Monthly
transactions are stored in one and the
balance posted (in this case, added) to
the other at month's end for customer
billing. The monthly file is then purged
and the process is repealed. Normally
the customer account number links the
two files. It is also possible to post trans-
actions without adding, so that one field
simply replaces the value in a field in the
second file.

Super has other features for manipu-
lating data on a large scale. One of
them, mass update, lets you select any
field, type in the new data, and then

select records. All of the records meet-
ing the search criteria are automatically
changed -

Another mass operation is copying
one data base into another. The fields to
be copied must match in length and
type. In this way, a smaller data file can
be extracted from a large one. You can
use this function to restructure a data
base. It is rare for anyone to initialize a
new data base perfectly on the first try.
This feature also helps salvage data in a
poorly structured data file. Although
you cannot change the length of a field,
a lot can be accomplished by dropping
fields and adding new ones.

Super allows you to sort data files
that do not fit in memory by sorting the
file in sections and then merging them.
To avoid large sorts, you can also
specify the starting record for a sort. In
this way. new records added to the file
can be sorted without resorting the
whole file.

In Summary

Super is a very powerful data base
designed for business needs. Its capacity
to move and change data on a large
scale is very impressive. ISA is working
on a new version that promises to have a
better input/change screen. In addition,
a sophisticated report generator will
soon be available (at extra cost) that
combines two data files in a single re-
port. A program to merge files with
Super Scripsit (Scripsil on Model If),
Newscript. and WordStar is also under
development. ■

• ••*•

Super Duper
WittSoft
1302 41st St.
Oriando, FL 32805
Model I and III
S29.95 disk

by Terr) Kepner

Super Utility Plus owners, you can
now make back-up copies of your
favorite disk utility with WittSoft's
Super Duper.

Super Utility Plus V2.2z, the utility
that repairs or copies software on any

TRS-80 program disk, is a must-have
program for every TRS-80 Model I or
III owner. But many users are upset to
discover that Supwr Utility Plus won't
duplicate itself. And nothing makes
computer people nervous like having an
important piece of software without a
security back-up (Murphy's Law will
get you every time).

WittSoft alleviated the back-up prob-
lem with a program that lets you make
as many copies of Super Utility Plus as
you need. You must have version 2.2z
for Super Duper to work properly.

Using Super Duper is straightfor-
ward. First load your copy of Super
Utility Plus V2.2z into your computer's
memory. Then remove the disk and put
the Super Duper disk in drive zero. Use

WRITING'S
ON THE

Effective June 15th, the subscrip-
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But there's still time to beat the price
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And you can save even more money
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OFFER EXPIRES MAY 31, 1983
80 Micro. May 1983 • B3

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M • SO M/cro, May *9e3

REVIEWS

Super Utility to load the Super Duper
program into memory, then remove the
disk from the drive. Go to the disk-
repair section of Super Utility Plus and
select the directory display option.
(Leave the drive doors open to make
sure that Super Utility Plus has the cor-
rect current track number.) Put a DOS
disk in drive zero and use Super Utility
Plus and your DOS Debug to activate
Super Duper. Save the two programs to
your disk.

Make sure you have at least 29 free
grans on your disk or you'll get a Disk
Full error message and you'll probably
have to start over.

This procedure seems complicated ai
first reading, but if you follow the in-
structions faithfully and have sufficient
room on your disk, you'll be able lo
make a back-up copy of Super Utility
Plus the first time you try.

Now that you have an unprotected
copy of Super Utility Plus on disk,
making additional back-ups is simple.
Load the modified Super Utility Plus
and use Super Utility Plus to get a disk

directory (again, keep all drive doors
open). Invoke Super Duper and save
another back-up copy of Super Utility
Plus to disk. Trying to use the DOS
Copy command to make duplicates
won't work; you must use the Super

"As a final note, the Super

Duper disk itself can't be

backed up. **

Duper Save function.

The chance to make a back-up copy
of your Super Utility program makes
Super Duper more than worth its price,
but that's not all it does. You can use
Super Duper to return to the DOS
Ready prompt, load command files
(those ending in /CMD) from disk into
memory, and load and run a command
file from disk (that is, transfer control

from the modified Super Utility Plus to
another machine -language program).

The load and load-and-run com-
mands are especially useful in analyzing
the operation of Super Utility Plus.
Patch Super Utility Plus to use a high-
memory RS-232 driver instead of the
standard parallel driver it currently
uses, for example.

You can improve your proficiency at
writing tight machine-language code by
using a monitor program to watch
Super Utility Plus work. If you've ever
wanted to write your own DOS I/O
routines. Super Utility Plus code is a
marvel to behold.

The documentation with Super
Duper is clear and concise. Memory
maps of execution and loading for
Super Utility Plus and Supwr Duper are
included, as are notes for NEWDOS80
and Macro-Mon owners.

As a final note, the Super Duper disk
itself can't be backed up. I find this
amusing in light of the program's pur-
pose especially when you consider that
you only need to use the disk once. ■

3 New Programs from
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THE MASS MAILING SYSTEM ...

combines a mailing list system and form letter generetor.
Stores 1 250 records containing name, address, phone, zip,
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zip, or classification Prepares form tetters for any classifica-
tion, or entire list, and also prints records in mailing-label and
full-page formats, MOD I or III, 32K, 1 dnve,

$49.95

GRAFPAK...

uses Radio Shack s 4-pen plotter and GRAFPAK to obtain a 4-
color graphic capability for only $300. GRAFPAK is com-
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needed to produce pie, bar, and line graphs. The user selects
graph size, type, colors, shadina and descriptions. Requires
MODI/II/III. 32K, 1 drive, and RS 4-pen plotter

S99.99

THELtSRARIAN...

stores information on up to 1 200 magazine articles. Search
for articles by a keyword in the title, or by the user-defined
category code . Prepares partial or complete sorted lists by
category code or author If you maintain magazine files for ref-
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A SPECTACULAR GRAPHIC ADVENTURE EXPERIENCE!

TROFF

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TPOFF IS Gamestec Softwares new epic advenlure' There are over 1S00
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Arwaton Jurtg le You ntosi discover the secrel ol the hidden TEMPLE
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S19. 95 cassette |can easily be transferred to disk; Model 1 or 3 16k

VISA/M.C. ACCEPTED

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MADAM ROSA meets E-Z

(the Extraterrestrial's sexy SISTER]

A hilarious adventure! The tun reatly
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Massa g e Parlor!

Sound and graphics! Ifik model 1 or 3
tape [can easily be transferred to
disk].

Imagine the possibilities...

S15.00

- See Usi of AOvertisers on Page 371

80 Micro. May 1983 • 85

:jg^W DIG^

Solo Pool, Tom Mix Software, 3424
College N.E., Grand Rapids. MI
49505; Color Computer, $17.95.

"In Solo Pool, one ball at a time is
in play. It's placed randomly and
point values are assigned to the six
pockets, depending on their distance
from, and angle to, the ball. You ad-
just your cue stick position and take
aim by placing a small cross hair
behind the ball, and then hit the fire
button on your joystick to shoot.
. . .Remember, this is a respectable
pool hall. In fact, for an extra touch
of class. Solo Pool treats you to a
short rendition of 'The Entertainer'
from the movie The Sting' "...
The Rainbow, January, p. 162.

Doodle Bug, Computerware, Dept.
C, Box 668, Encinitas, CA 92024;
Color Computer, $17.95.

"Doodle Bug has it all: great col-
or, great sound, great action. It has
created a sensation here at The Rain-
bow and will probably have to be
banned from the premises just to
maintain production schedules."
The Rainbow, January, p. 163.

Maxi CRAS, Adventure Interna-
tional, P.O. Box 3455, Longwood,
FL 32750; Models I/III, $99.95.

"Maxi CRAS is not only a check
register system, but an excellent
double-entry accounting system, as
well .... It is so user -oriented that
even the newest computer tyro can
use it without difficulty, yet it pro-
vides a sophisticated set of re-
ports If you are a VisiCalc devo-
tee as I am, you will agree that [Maxi
CRAS's VisiCalc interface] alone is
worth the price of the program."
Creative Computing, February 1983,
p. 48.

Microcomputers in Education,

Christopher Smith, ed., Halslead

Press, New York, NY; $29.95 Soft-
cover.

' 'The value of this book lies in the
broad range of interest of its contrib-
utors, all experienced educators and
fully authoritative in their field of
microcomputing .... It contains de-
tailed techniques, including working
programs, and offers much insight
into the skills required by those who
embark on the use of microcomput-
ers for educational purposes."
T.H.E. Journal, February, p. 51.

Polaris, Tandy/Radio Shack, Fort
Worth, TX 76102; Color Computer
cartridge, $29.95.

"Polaris has to be one of the bet-
ter game program packs available to
date. . . .You have three submarines
protecting six islands from raining
waves of destructive missiles .... In
the effort to make this game com-
patible with both Color Basic as well
as Extended Basic, high-resolution
graphics were left by the wayside. . .
(but) I found Polaris to be challeng-
ing as well as entertaining."
Color Computer News, December,
p. 66.

MULTIDOS, Cosmopolitan Elec-
tronics Corp., P.O. Box 324,
Plymouth, Ml 48170; Modellor III,
$79.95.

"MULTIDOS provides a lot of
vaJue for the money. It gives you the
opportunity to enjoy a full-feature
DOS at a bargain price. Although
some aspects of MULTIDOS have a
flavor of a 'basement enterprise'
production, such as occasional
misspellings in system messages, the
system as a whole seems to stand up
under heavy use."
Byte, December, p. 397.

Business Mailing list, Tandy/Radio
Shack, 1400 One Tandy Center, Fort
Worth, TX 76102; Model I and III,
$99.95.

"Business Mailing List performs
as its producers claim it will. As a

Basic program, however, it has all
the disadvantages of sloth-like speed.
Moreover, although it can print
labels, it can't do anything else.
Other Tandy programs like Micro-
Files and Profile, which sell for the
same price, can do everything that
this can do and more."
InfoWorld, December 13, p. 34.

Wired, Harry Hellerstein, St. Mar-
tin's Press, New York. NY; 1982,
Hardcover, 249 pp., $12.95.

*' Wired is a computerized 'what
if?' of a sp>ecial kind. Wliat if you
took Harry Hellerstein, a writer with
a wildly outrageous vision of com-
puters in the future, let him create a
world in which anything goes, and
then publish his fantasy? You'd get
this novella fiction of intrigue, espio-
nage, humor, and lighthearted fun."
Popular Computing, March, p. 202.

The Last One, D.J. 'AI' Systems
Ltd., Two Century Plaza, Suite 480,
2049 Century Park E., Los Angeles,
CA 90067; Model II, $600.

"In action. The Last One is
somewhat like a simple-minded
assistant with a good memory.
Before you use it, you need a clear
idea of the work you want your pro-
posed applications program to do
and how you want that work ac-
complished."
Popular Computing, March, p. 146.

Versa-File, Analytic Management
Systems, 247 High St., Palo Alto, CA
94301; Model II with CP/M, $69.

"Versa-File is a low-cost, indexed,
file-management system. When used
with a mail-list system, this software
becomes a powerful tool. It has se-
lection and sorting features as well as
a convenient interface with Word-
Star, and it could replace several
more expensive packages that pro-
vide similar interfaces. You must
know how to use a text editor to
create files for this program."
InfoWorld, February 21, p. 48.

CGP-115 Printer, Tandy/Radio
Shack, Fort Worth, TX 76102;
$249.95.

"The CGP-115 Color Graphic
Printer is well worth the money if
you need a light-duty plotter with
graphics capabilities. At its price, it
offers features no other machine
has. For home or office it is a good
buy. Its chief limitation is the size of
the paper. . ."
80 U.S. Journal, February, p. 64.

The Qunie Sprint 9/45-55, Qume
Corporation, 2350 Qume Drive, San
Jose, CA 95031; $2,660 and $2,795.
"The Qume Sprint 9 scries of
printers set a new standard for letter-
quality printers . Performance is
equal to or better than last year's
top-of-the-Iine and the price is lower
than any other domestic manufac-
turer and most of the imports. A
close inspection of the construction
indicates a heavy commitment to
high-quality tooting and Hrst class
workmanship." Interface Age,
March, p. 88.

tFORTH, Talbot Microsystems,
1927 Curtis Ave., Redondo Beach,
CA 90278; Color Computer,
tFORTH $100, tFORTH + $250.

"Ray Talbot, who wrote the fig
implementation for the 5809, sells
an implementation of Forth...
tFORTH offers features that make it
easier to use with FLEX. The disk
containing the Forth compiler has
several tracks that are initialized in
the standard FLEX format. TTiis al-
lows the user to have the Forth com-
piler on those tracks and to call it
with a standard FLEX call . . . The
remainder of the disk is used by
Forth directly as screen storage."
Micro, February, p. 62.

TRS-80 Graphics for the Model I
and III, David A. Kater and Susan
Thomas, Tandy/Radio Shack, Fort
Worth, TX 76102; $10.95, 287 pp.
"I was pleased with this text.
Some of the books I previously ob-
tained from Radio Shack have been
rather ordinary reprints of older
computer-science texts for Basic pro-
gramming. Many of the past publi-

cations have been disappointing be-
cause of their lack of many inside
secrets on the TRS-80 that can be
used effectively. This one reached a
new level of competence."
Interface Age, February, p. 164.

TaxPro, Contract Services Asso-
ciates, Anaheim, CA; Model I, II,
andIII,$940-$l,230.

"There have been several attempts
to write programs to prepare income
tax returns using desktop computers.
Most of these attempts have fallen
far short of meeting the needs of
those individuals who have income
from several sources. Only a very
few have even approached meeting
the needs of a small tax office. The
programmer who attempts the task
of writing a tax program is soon
frustrated by the limited capacity of
microcomputers, the frequent and
massive changes in report require-
ments, and the small market for such
programs. TaxPro is one of the few
to face these restrictions and to offer
practical solutions."
Interface Age, February, p. 76.

Scriptr and Crayon, Pioneer Soft-
ware, 1746 N. W. 55th St., Apt. 204.
Lauderhill, FL 33313; Model 1 or III,
$40 and $45.

"Scriptr is an invaluable tool, and
certainly worth the modest price. It is
a program I will use for some time,
and I recorrmiend it to anyone who
wants more power from Scripsit.
Crayon is a counterpart to Scriptr,
but still an independent program in
itself. . .as the name suggests, it al-
lows the TRS-80 user to draw pic-
tures directly on the screen using sim-
ple commands. This multi-faceted
program has many other features,
though. The three modes are graph-
ics mode, letter mode, and commemd
mode." Softside, February, p. 74.

Colortext, Micro-School Programs
(Bertamax), 101 Nickerson St., Suite
202, Seattle, WA 98 109; Color Com-
puter, $79.80.

"Colortext by Micro-School Pro-
grams is a high-resolution text gener-

ator for the 32K Radio Shack Color
Computer. . . . Colortext is a useful
utility for teachers or programmers.
. . . With it, high-resolution graphics
and upper/lowercase multi-colored
text can be mixed on the screen yield-
ing highly creative and motivating
programs." The Computing Teach-
er, January, p. 73.

ZGRAPH 4.0, Misosys, P.O. Box
4848, Alexandria, VA 22303; Model
lor III, LDOS, $40.

"This program is sort of a 'word
processor' for graphics. It is screen
oriented, but instead of enabling you
to manipulate text, ZGRAPH allows
you to manipulate screen graphics.
This gives you a special way to create
special graphics designs, company
logos, drawings and so on, using the
TRS-80' s graphics character set.
. . . This is a fine product and well
worth its modest price." InfoWorld,
February 28, p. 55.

The General Automation Expansion
Interface, 9600 Roosevelt Blvd.,
Suite 100-LL, Philadelphia, PA
19115; Color Computer, $199.95.

"... there are some serious draw-
backs to running heavy software on
the Color Computer. One of the
worst is the lack of expansion capa-
bility . . . The General Automation
Expansion Interface heliK to solve
this important shortcoming. . .

"The system sent us for review con-
sisted of the two-shdf CX-IOOIA
Aluminum Chassis and the CX-
2001A Expander Card. These items,
along with your 32K or 64K Color
Computer, Tandy Disk Controller
and one or two (or three or four) disk
drives, transform the system into a
very powerful and versatile comput-
er." '68' Micro Journal, Febru-
ary, p. 14.

CALENDAR

May

3-5 Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto,
CA. Productivity '83 Sheraton
O'Hare, Chicago, IL.

4-6 Rocky Mountain Data Process-
ing Expo Currigan Hall, [Den-
ver, CO.

5-7 National Council of Teachers of
Mathematics, Reston, VA.
Teaching Math With Microcom-
puters La Guardia Marriott
Hotel, E. Elmhurst, NY.

10-12 Northcon/83 and Mini/Micro-
North West/83 Portland, OR.

16-19 American Federation of Infor-
mation Processing Societies,
Arlington, VA. 1983 National
Computer Conference Anaheim
and Disneyland Hotel Conven-
tion Centers, Anaheim, CA.

18-19 Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto,
CA. Productivity '83 Brecken-
ridge Concourse Hotel, St.
Louis, MO.

18-19 International Information/
Word Processing Association,
Buffalo. NY. Office/Computer
Expo Center of Progress Build-
ing, Stale Fairgrounds, Syra-
cuse, NY.

18-20 Illinois Institute for Continuing
Legal Education, Springfield,
IL. Computer High-Technology
Bu»nesses IICLE Conference
Center, Chicago, IL.

19-22 Computer Expositions Inc., An-
napolis, MD. Maryland Com-
puter Show and OfHce Equip-
ment Exposition Convention
Center, Baltimore, MD.

23-26 ATE East Conference Hynes
Auditorium and Sheraton-
Boston Hotel, Boston, MA.

24-25 Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto,
CA. Productivity '83 Radisson

South Hotel, Minneapolis, MN.

24-26 University of California Exten-
sion, Berkeley, CA. Micropro-
cessor Background for Manage-
ment Personnel Palo Alto, CA.

June

1-2 Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto,
CA. Productivity '83 Grand
Hyatt Hotel, New York, NY.

1-4 Sunbelt Educational Computing
Conference Texas Tech Univer-
sity, Lubbock, TX.

4 North Area Repeater Associa-

tion, Hopkins, MN. Computers/
Software Swapfest and Expo^-
tion Minnesota State Fair-
grounds.

6-8 IEEE Computer Society, Silver
Spring, MD. National Educa-
tional Computing Confer-
ence Convention Center, Balti-
more, MD.

9- 1 1 Technical Education Research
Centers. Cambridge, MA. Mi-
crocomputers in Education
Walertown, CT.

13-16 PC '83/lntemational Printed
Qrcuits Conference New York
Hilton, New York, NY.

14-15 Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto,
CA. Productivity '83 Constella-
tion Hotel, Toronto, Canada.

14-16 Electronic Conventions Inc., El
Segundo, CA. Ohmcon/83
Electronic Show and Conven-
ti<m Detroit, MI.

19-23 IEEE Computer Society, Silver
Spring, MD. Conference on
Computer Vision and Pattern
Recognition Crystal City Hyatt,
ArUngton, VA.

24-26 EastCon Games Convention

Glassboro Slate College, Glass-
boro, NJ.

26-29 IEEE Computer Society, Silver
Spring, MD. Design Automa-
tion Conference Fontainebleau
Hotel, Miami, FL.

26-30 National Computer Graphics
Association, Fairfax, VA.
NCGA '83 McCormick Place,
Chicago, IL.

27-28 Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto,
CA. Productivity '83 Sheraton-
Boston Hotel, Boston, MA.

July

10-11 Microcomputers in Music
Education Triton College, River
Grove, IL.

18-19 Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto,
CA. Productivity '83 Westin
Hotel, Seattle, WA.

20-22 University of Oregon, Eugene,
OR. Computers in Education
Conference Hilton Hotel and
Convention Center, Eugene, OR.

25-28 IEEE Computer Society, Silver
Spring, MD. Softfair Software
Development Conference Hyatt
Regency, Crystal City, Arl-
ington, VA.

26-29 University of Illinois at Urbana-
Champaign, Urbana, IL. Com-
puter-Based Music Instruction
Woritshop UIUC campus.

Coniing Next Month

From the first flowchart to the last
patch or debug, writing programs is se-
rious business. Our June issue is devot-
ed to programming techniques, and of-
fers advice for beginners and veterans.

To get you started, there's a Model
I/III flowchart generator and a tutorial
on TRS-80 error -trapping routines.
John Corbani discusses Basic, while
Dan Keen and Dave Dischert explain
Assembly language. There's also cover-
age of advanced Assembly techniques
and shortcuts, and a disassembler for
Z80 instructions. Richard Metzler adds

a Forth assembler, and, if that array of
languages isn't enough, Thomas Fiske
teaches programming with arrays.

There's a Model II file transfer utili-
ty, and graphics and backgammon pro-
grams for the Color Computer. James
Cole completes this month's Model
I/III color modification, and Mike Kel-
ler puts the finishing touches on his arti-
cle about using your printer as a paint-
brush.

Finally, our regular columns contin-
ue; June's Buyer's Guides examine
drives, disks, and utiUties.

fc^v ,^«

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Amazing Technology

Kascd on a special endltrss-loop tape cartridge, called a Uafer the

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The direct -drive transport mechanism has only one moving pari.

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Amazing System

Thoiis,ir)(!s (»i i:sr t>uyers have tieen amazed by I6K programs loading
In less than 20 seconds, automatic verification o( savixl programs, up
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(RAn based in Model I t no need for an expansion Interface: and 1-year

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Amazing Support

with it II i;si sysli-in you don't Just get a piece of hardware, you get total
support wit h hundreds of user workshops' dozens of high-quality, reason-
ably prlci-d progiams (such as Clectrlc f'cncil 2.0, tlectrlc Spreadsheet.
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Amaze Yourself

To see tor yourself how amazing the EST sys-
tem is. or for mor*- drtailfcl information, call
us toll-free at 8O0-538-85S9 tlnsidc Cali-
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exatron

161 Commercial Street.
Sunnyvale. CA 94066

by James W. Cole

How would you like to add color graphics to your Model I/Ill?
Now you can, with a hardware modification you build yourself.

The Mikrokolor interface will give you high-resolution graphics
for about $150. Since Mikrokolor uses signals already on the
TRS-80's expansion bus, you don't even have to open your com-
puter's case.

The interface is based on Texas Instruments' TMS9918A Video Dis
play Processor (VDP). The VDP offers 15 colors plus four modes of
operation: text, 64-by-48 color graphics similar to the TRS-
80 block graphics, and two 256-by-192 graphics
modes with two and 16 colors per character. See
Table 1 foramoredetaileddescriptionof thechip's ^

features.

The VDP's secret is its handling of 34
graphics planes. The front 32 planes of the
stack are devoted to sprites. A sprite is a
small (8-by-8. 16-by-16. or 32-by-32) pattern -^

of dots. Only one sprite is allowed on each '; ^'

plane, and all sprites must be the same :::

size. :i

The planes in the stack can be

■fi ■f'ttr

^mm^

»***' ■*am

■ »^H

^^^^^^^^■H

' '^^1

^^^^^^^■L

■ t^^l

' '^^1

^^^^^^^H'

'^1

^tmm

' ^^H

' H

' *^^l

1> ! 'fl
1

' ' ' 'H^^^tta

iii ii i Miiiiiii ii ii i H !!

Goes

•7!!

compared to plastic transparencies. If the image of an air-
plane is formed on the front plane (#0) in a l6-by-16
area and the image of a cloud is formed on the second
plane (#1), they appear to have a three-dimensional relation-
ship. The image on plane zero has a higher priority than that
on plane 1, so the airplane appears to be in front of the
cloud. The VDP can create up to 32 different sprites, all
having this 3-D relationship.

The 33rd plane, beneath the sprites. -

is called the pattern plane. Text and . '

graphics exist only on the pattern

plane. Last is the backdrop plane, ,,z /;'.., j

a solid color that forms a border ... '•■* '^J;';:,;!' ,; ,

around your image. If all the planes
in front of it are transparent, the
backdrop shows through.

Mikfokolor consists of four main parts
(see Fig. 1). The input/output port decoding
circuits controls communication between the Z80
and the VDP. The TMS 9918A VDP converts
the Vs and zeros into a color picture. A

The test program takes about 2Vi minutes to finish
ioading 16K of VRAM tables (Basic is slow, but I will
show you how to speed It up next month). The backdrop
plane in this test pattern is 13 (magenta). The airplane ap-
pears as a 32 x 32 pixel pattern. It will move across the
screen and change colors at set points.

A sailboat, airplane and
helicopter cross the screen.
Several sprites are defined
in this scene: the three
small clouds, the airplane,
the helicopter, the light-
house, and the sailboat.
The lighthouse and the boat
are composed of two
sprites each. The rest of the
image is on the pattern
plane.

In the first photo, the airplane passes behind the
small cloud in the upper right corner. The cloud is on
sprite plane 2 and the airplane is on plane 8. The im-
age of the cloud has priority over the airplane image.
In the last photo, the sailboat passes behind the
lighthouse. The lighthouse is on sprite planes 4 and
5; the sailboat Is on sprite planes 6 and 7. This gives
the lighthouse image priority over the sailboat.

The graphic on the cover is

from Part II of this article,

which will appear next

month.

67 • fin Minm. Mav 1983

16K VRAM stores the image in exter-
nal memory. The video interface drives
the connection to the display.

I/O Port Decoding

The Z80 microprocessor has 256 I/O
ports that you can decode to provide
communication with external devices.
To prevent conflicts with items such as
the cassette tape and RS-232 interfaces,
I decoded I/O ports 1 and 2 to connect
the VDP to the computer.

Three TTL ICs perform the decoding
(Figs. 2a and 2b). The two 74LS32s
watch the address bus for all zeros on
address lines A2-A7. If all these address
lines are zero and IN or OUT is active,
then the appropriate half of the
74LS139 is enabled and it decodes AO
and AI as I/O ports 0-3. The 74LS08
combines the two IN and OUT signals
to form chip select read (CSR) and chip
select write (CSW). This completes the
generation of the control signals need-
ed for the VDP.

The TMS 9918A VDP

The TMS 9918A VDP is connected to
the two signals from the I/O port de-
coder and to address line Al. The IN
signals enable the CSR, and the OUT
signals enable the CSW pins on the
VDP. The mode pin is cormected to ad-
dress line Al. These three pins control
the reading and writing aaions on the
data bus.

Connect VDP pins 17-24 (D0-D7) to
D0-D7 from your expansion bus. This
provides an 8-bit parallel communica-
tions path between the Z80 micropro-
cessor and the VDP. You can connect
the reset pin to a separate switch or tq
the reset signal on the TRS-80 bus. If
you connect it to the bus, the computer
and VDP are reset at the same time.

Clock signals are provided by a 10.7
MHz crystal (three times the color burst
frequency) and an internal oscillator.
You need two capacitors to complete
the clock circuit; one is variable to pro-
vide fine tuning of the color signals.

Memory (VRAM)

The VDP controls the 16K dynamic
m«nory chips. All address and data
lines are routed from the VDP to
VRAM. So it can keep up with the
VDP, VRAM's access time cannot ex-
ceed 200 nanoseconds. Also, VRAM
does not use any of your computer's
valuable program memory.

Video Interface

Pin 36 of the VDP is the c(«nposite
video output. I attached a small isola-
tion amplifier to protect the VDP from

2S6-by-192 color graphics
1 S colors plus transparent
Three-dimensional sprite planes
Four modes of operation:

• Text

24 lines of 40 characters
6-by-8 dots per character
256 user -defined characters

• Multicolw

64-by-48 color graphics

(similar to the TRS-80 block graphics but in color)

• Graphics I

2S6-by-192 color graphics
24 lines of 32 characters
8-by-8 dots per character
two colors per chararter

• Graphics II

same as Graphics I but with 16 coltH^ per character
Sprites

active in all but the text mode

32 prioritized three-dimensional planes

IS colors plus transparent

easily provides animated graphics

Table I. Features of the TMS 99I8A

Ef I'D SEt (MOO

TRS - BO
(]lB*itS'0»> ■

PO"'

DECODING

<'0EO
STABILIZE
ft HP

Fig. I. Mikrokolor Block Diagram

i mddcl. m oMi'' >

Ji - '*\.iii
j2- r4LSM
kJJ- M,.SOB
IM- 7*LSrSa

Fig. 2a. Mikrokolor Interface Circuit

loading and static charges. The com-
posite video is then fed directly into a
color monitor or into an RF modulator
for input to your TV antenna terminals.

Assembling the Hardware

The color interface can be assembled
on a printed circuit card or by wire-

wrapping (see Table 2). I recommend
that you use sockets with the MOS cir-
cuits. Make the connection to the com-
puter at its expansion bus. The Model I
requires a 4(}-pin connector, and the
Modd III needs a 50-pin connector.

Model III users must connect EX-
TIOSEL to CSR. The rest of the circuit

80 Micro. May 1983 • 93

is identical for both models. You need
signals D0-D7, A0-A7, IN, OUT,
ground and reset. Reset is needed only if
you want the computer and VDP reset
at the same time. The connecting cable

should not be longer than 18 inches.

You can develop your own power
supply or use the design presented here
(see Fig. 3). The power supply must
have +5,-5 and + 12 volts for the cir-

Qusntity Description

8 4116-2 200ns I6K dynamic RAMs

1 TMS 9918A Video Display Processor

1 74LS139

1 74LS08

2 74LS32

1 10.7 MHz crystal

1 ECG 123A transistor

1 33 pF capacitor

1 5-60 pF \ariable capacitor

13 0.1 mF capacitors

1 33 ohm 'A W resistor

1 300 ohm 'A W resistor

1 12k ohm Vi W resistor

1 25.2 V 1 .2 A transformer

1 4 A 100 V bridge rectifier

I 7812 +12 V regulator

1 7805 +5 V regulator

2 heal sinks for voltage regulators

1 ECG 51 16A 5.1 V 5 W zener diode

3 1000 ^iV electrolyiic capacitors

Misc: circuit card; RF modulator; 40-pin connector for the Model 1; 50-pin connector for the
Model III; ribbon cable; IC sockets; RCA connectors; power switch; AC power cord; fuse and
holder.

Contact your local TI distributor for the closest source of the TMS 991 8A. The 10.7 MHz crys-
tal can be purchased from one of two sources in the TMS 9918A VDP manual.
Printed circuit boards are available from the author.

Table 2. Pans List for Mikrokolor

cuits. Test it for proper operation
before connecting it to any circuit. To
prevent noise on the bus, install bypass
capacitors (0. 1 ^F) on the VDP and each
of the memory chips. These are con-
nected between the +5 V power pins
and ground.

Install the chips after double-check-
ing the wiring. Turn on the machine and
run the test program. Program Listing
1, which runs for about 2'/i minutes.
Finally, adjust the variable capacitor
next to the crystal until the colors are
correct. You are now ready to start
writing your own color programs.

Controlling the Hardware

The VDP is controlled by a set of
eight registers that determine the mode
of operation and point to tables of in-
formation in the VDP RAM. You must
perform four operations to control the
VDP, write to VDP registers and
VRAM, and read from the VDP status
register and VRAM. You can perform
these operations from Basic routines or
from Z80 Assembly language (the
Mode! Ill enables the I/O bus with
OUT 236,16).

Let D represent the data to be trans-
ferred, let A represent the address in
memory to write to or read from, and
let R represent the register number.
Here's how to perform these operations
in Basic:

[ROM

iRS-eo

COMN
[MOD n
)0 —

'i-

INIEBFICE { f?*-
CIRCUIT MOOt-

■ )' BtSe 7

(EVEN)

[<70 \ Uil SO' BE

I MEcessatY

I VARIES WItH
I 1 VOP lC

■ ro COLOR BOM'OR. SF ItODULATOB

Ht5l5TOHS IHE I/* WAIT CARSON
CAPS ARE CER4P.IIC DISC. t'CEPT VAR-ABLE
USE .iBfRAL .i»f B'PASS CAPS ON DOKER
1.EA0S OF EACH CHIO FOR NOfSE SuPCRESStON

Fig. 2b. Mikrokolor Color VDP and Memory Circuit

94 • 80 Micro. May 1983

Shape your TRS-80 to
communicate with any computer you want.

Omniterm is the most flexible, powerful
terminal program you can buy. Omniterm lets you
adapt your TRS-80 to communicate with 99.9% of
the world's computers. Your company's mainframe,
for example. Or any other personal computer, time-
sharing computer, or communications service.

Omniterm overcomes incompatibilities in
screen formats, baud rates, charaaer sets, control
codes and file transfer protocols. Seven complete
translation tables let you change any character, for
complete compatibility of all input and output
devices. Omniterm is so flexible, users have even
set up their ASCII-coded systems to communicate
with EBCDIC-coded systems.

You can send all ASCII characters, even those
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And even review data that's scrolled off the top
of the screen.

Omniterm's well-thought-out design makes it
easy to use. You can get a status display of all func-
tions while on line to tell you what's going on, and
make any changes at the same time. You can create
a special file of your settings to make it easier next
time. You also get XA' cursor control, single keystroke
sign-on and auto-dialing. Even a phone directory.
And lots more.

You don't have to be a computer expert to use
Omniterm. Just spend a day with what the review-
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you need help, just call, write, or contact us via
CompuServe, Delphi, or Source.

Omniterm is the proven terminal program. The
program thousands of people have used success-
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Omniterm comes complete with sample setting
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80 Micro. May 1983 • 95

Pholo 1. Handwired prototype. The large ICis the TMS 991 <iA. Thereadi-
ly available RF modulator allows connection to a color TV.

Photo 2. The printed circuit board, for all those who don 't enjoy wire
wrap.

Write to VDP Register R

OUT 2,D

OUT 2,128 + R
Write 10 VRAM Address A

OUT 2,A - (INT ( A / 256 ) ) • 256

OUT 2,64 + A / 256

OUTl.D
Read VDP Status Register

D = INP(2)
Read from VRAM Address A

OUT 2,A - (IMT ( A / 256 ) ) • 256

OUT 2,A / 256

D = INP(l)

The expressions for reading and writ-
ing to the VRAM appear complex
because the 16-bit address must be
broken up into 2 bytes of 8 bits and 6 bits
(only 14 bits are used to address 16K of
memory; the other 2 bits signal to
the VDP which operation is being per-
formed). The least significant byte (LSB)
is sent to the VDP first, followed by the
most significant byte (MSB).

For writing to RAM, D6 must be set
in the MSB, so add 64 to the MSB.

Reading VRAM is performed similarly,
but D6 must be a zero so nothing is add-
ed to the MSB.

With these four simple operations,
you now control one of the best video
display processors on the market.

The Tables and Registers

The display image is controlled by a
set of tables and the internal registers.
The image is composed of pattern and
color information in the tables. The reg-

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isters control the mode of operation and
hold pointers to the tables.

Figure 4 contains a universal set of
tables. By defining the tables at these
addresses, all modes of operation are
fully supported , but optimum use of the
VDP RAM for each mode is not pro-
vided. You can operate the TMS 9918A
in any mode without changing the table
addresses.

The Text mode uses two tables, the
pattern generator table and the pattern
name table. The pattern generator table
contains the defmition of your charac-
ter set. Each character pattern takes 8

bytes. The 6-by-8 pattern of the charac-
ter is defined by the six most significant
bits of the 8 bytes. You can define up to
256 different patterns or characters.

The pattern name table is a block of
960 VRAM memory locations repre-
senting the 960 locations displayed on
the screen. Each VRAM location con-
tains a pointer or name of the character
to be displayed in that respective screen
location. For example, if the pattern
name table contained all zeros, the first
pattern in the pattern generator table
would be displayed in all 960 locations
on the screen.

0000

OSFF

0400
07FF

oaoo

OBFF

ocoo

OF"FF
1000

art

t^OO

IBOO
IBfF
ICOO

2Q00

?irF

;«oo

27FF

2BFF

3CO0
iFFF
JOOO
33FF

3400

3BFF

JHU3ID

JFFF

JMUSCQ

} PATTERN GEMFRATOR TABLE

SPRITE GENERATOR TABLE

> PATTERN COLOR TABLE

) SPRITE ATTRfBUTE TABLE
) PATTERN MAHE TABLE

Fig. 4. Universal Tables for VRAM (o Support
All Four Modes of the TMS 99I8A

The Text mode uses only 4K of
VRAM. If you redefine the tables, you
can store four or more pages of text in
VRAM at once. By changing the regis-
ter values, you can switch between these
pages of text.

In the Multicolor mode, the pattern
generator table contains the pattern def-
initions and also the color information

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ContiHued fram p. 98

of each pattern. The pattern name table
functions as the pointer to the patterns
to be displayed.
In the Graphics I mode, the pattern

each pixel (the smallest dot that can be
controlled) in an 8-by-8 pattern. Up to
256 patterns can be defmed.

The pattern name table points to the
pattern in the pattern generator table
that is to be displayed in each of the 768

generator table describes the stale of locations on the screen (these patterns

10 REM** *•■***********••••••••**•****•••***•••**** *************

20 REM**** ****

30 REM**** display test image ***•

40 REM**** *•**

50 RE^i****************************'**'*'*««**4*t ******************
60 CLS:PRINT"Display test image for THS 991BA interface"
70 PRINT"loadiiig registers"

REM Reg

OUT 2,2

90 OUT 2,194

100 OUT 2,15

110 OUT 2,255

120 OUT 2,3

130 OUT 2,112

140 OUT 2,3

150 OUT 2,15

OUT 1,0 : NEXT M,N

FOR P

TO 7

OUT 2,128+0

OUT 2,128+1

OUT 2,128+2

OUT 2,128+3

OUT 2,128+4

OUT 2,128+5

OUT 2,128+6

OUT 2,128+7
160 PRINT"Registers are loaded"
170 PRINT'loadinq pattern generator table"
180 REM start address for sequential nemory load
190 OUT2,0: REM low byte of address
200 OUT2,64: REM high byte of address +
210 REM output the data into the table
220 REM ail 0's into ALL patterns
230 POR N = TO 767 : FOR M = TO 7 :
240 PRINT"pattern generator table is loaded"
250 PRINT"loading sprite generator table"
260 REM form airplane pattern in first sprite
270 REM the rest are zeros

280 FOR N = TO 31 : READ X : OUT 1,X : NEXT
290 FOR N = 32 TO 2047 : OUT 1,0 : NEXT
300 PRINT"sprite generator table is loaded"
310 PRINT"loading pattecn color table"
320 REM 16 lines of different colors
330 REM 32 patterns pec line
340 FOR N = TO 15 : FOR M = TO 31
350 OUT 1,N
360 NEXT P,H,N
370 REFl FINE LINES
380 FOR H - TO 7
39B OUT 1,P + ( N - INT( N/2 )
400 NEXT P,M,N

410 PRINT'pattern color table loaded"
420 PRINT"loading sprite attribute table"
430 REM place airplane image on screen
440 REM vertical position
450 OUT 1,50

460 REM horizontal position
470 OUT 1,100
480 REIl pattern name
4 90 OUT 1,0
500 REM pattern color
510 OUT 1,1 : REM black

520 REM put nul values in remaining sprites
530 FOR N = 4 TO 127 : OUT 1,208 : NEXT N
540 PRINT'sprite attribute table is loaded"
550 REM fill unused area in memory map with zeros
560 FOR II - TO 895 : OUT 1,0 : NEXT N
570 PRINT"loading pattern name table"
580 FOR H = TO 3 : POR H = TO 255
590 OUT 1,M
600 NEXT M,N

610 PRINT'pattern nawe table is loaded"

620 PRINT"image is complete"

630 REM MOVE AIRPLANE ACROSS SCREEN

640 AD«14337 : REM ADDRESS OF AIRPLANE HORIZONTAL POSITION

650 FOR X = 255 TO STEP -1 : REM MAKE IT GO FROM RIGHT TO LEFT

for the bottom 1/3 of the screen

; FOR M » fl TO 31 : FOR P = TO 7

2 ) * 8

OUT 2, AD/256 + 64 : REM SEND A

660 OUT 2, AD - (INT(AD/256) *256)

DDR ESS TO VDP

670 OUT 1,X : REM UPDATE X POSITION

680 OUT 1,0 : REM DON'T CHANGE NAME OF SPRITE

690 OUT l,lX/lb) : REM CHANGE COLOR OF AIRPLANE

700 NEXT X

710 GOTO650

720 DATA 0,0,112,56,28,14,7,127,255,127,1,0,0,0,0,0

730 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,1,3,255,255,254,192,224,112,56,28

Program Listing

.50

(PER BOX OF 5 v.")

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1 side/D Density

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Authorized Dlitrtbutor
Information Procaaaing Producta

p'Sae List of Aitvertis»rs on Page 371

80 Micro, May 1983 • 101

iransparcni

medium red

1 black

lighi red

2 medium green

dark yellow

3 light green

lighi vcllow

4 dark blue

dark green

5 lighi blue

magenta

6 dark red

grav

7 cvan

vvhitc

values are given in

hexadecimaJ

Table 3. TMS 99I8A

VDP Color Table

are 8-by-8, and the text patterns are
6-by-8. so more text patterns are on
each line).

The pattern color table defines the
colors of each pattern. The pixel colors
of the first eight patterns in the pattern
generator table are defined by the first
entry or bue in the Pattern Color Table
(see Table 3). The 1 's are defined by the
most significant nibble (4 bits) and the
zeros are defined by the least significant
nibble. The second entry in the pattern
color table determines the colors for the
second set of eight patterns.

In the Graphics II mode, the tables
are similar to the Graphics I mode, but
the color and pattern generator tables
are expanded. The pattern table is ex-
panded by three times . A full set of 768
unique patterns can be defined in this
mode, and a single pattern can be
mapped to each position on the screen.

The color table is expanded 24 times,
letting you define two colors for each
byte or row in each pattern in the pat-
tern generator table.

The tables also define and control the
sprites. The sprite pattern generator
table defines the patterns that can be
displayed. The patterns can be 8-by-8 or
16-by-16 bits: the registers define the
sprite size. In the sprite pattern genera-
tor table, the Ts are displayed as the
color of the sprite, and the zeros are
always transparent.

The sprite attribute table contains
four values for each sprite. The first
value is the vertical position, and the
second is the horizontal position. By
changing these two values you can move
a sprite to any location on the screen
without redrawing and erasing the im-
age. This is handled by the TMS 9918A,
independent of Z80 operation.

The third byte in the table is the sprite
name, or a pointer to the sprite pattern
generator table. It tells the TMS 9918A
which sprite pattern to display. The
fourth byte defines the color of the 1 's
in the sprite pattern; again, the zeros are
transparent.

The eight registers of the VDP can be
broken up into three groups. Registers

102 • 80 Micro. May 1983

bitO

1 enables the external video input (this project doesn't use il)
disables the external video input

bit 1

M3 one of the mode control bits (see Register 1)

bit 7

selects 4027 RAM operation

1 selects 4108/4] 16 RAM operation

bit 6

blank enable disable

causes the display to blank

1 enables the active display

blanking will display the border color only

bit 5

disable VDP interrupt (this project doesn't use interrupts)

1 enable VDP interrupt

bits 4,3

Ml. M2 (mode bits 1 and 2)

M 1 , M2 and M3 determine the mode of the TMS 991 8A
Ml M2 M3

Graphics I mode

1 Graphics II mode

1 Multicolor Mode

1 Text mode

bit 2

reserved (put a here)

bit 1

sprite size

Ois the 8-by-8 pattern
] is the ]6-by-16 pattern

bitO

magnification factor for sprites

will make the sprites the normal size

i will double their size

Four Most Significant Bits of the Name Table Address

Eighl MSB of the Color Table Address

Three MSB of the Pattern Generator Table Address

Seven MSB of the Sprite Attribute Table Address

Three MSB of (he Sprite Pattern Generator Address

The 4 MSB define ihc text color of the I's m the pattern

The 4 LSB define the text color of the zeros in the patterns or. if not in text mode.

the

backdrop color.

Table 4. TMS 99 ISA VDP Registers

zero and 1 select the different modes of
the TMS 9918A. Registers 2-6 act as
pointers to the tables in memory. Regis-
ter 7 controls the text colors and the col-
or of the backdrop plane (see Table 4).
By writing values lo the registers, you
can determine the mode of operation,
location of the tables, and the
text/backdrop color. By reading the
Status register, you can determine if five
sprites are on the same horizontal line
or if two or more sprites are at the same
screen location. By writing lo the
VRAM, you can print text, create color
images, and move sprites across the
screen in three dimensions.

Information

To get all the details about the TMS
9918A, read the TMS 9918A Video Dis-
play Processor data manual from Texas
Instruments. It contains tips on pro-

granmiing, complete information on
the registers and tables, and additional
informafion on the sprites.

TI has numbered their data and ad-
dress buses differently than is conven-
tional with the Z80. The numbering is
reversed with the MSB being AO on the
address bus and DO on the data bus.
The LSBs are A15 and D7. Keep this in
mind as you read the manual.

In next month's installment, I'll dis-
cuss some USR routines for full, high-
speed control of Mikrokolor from
Basic. You will be able to define pat-
terns and colors from Basic strings. I'll
present the complete source listings with
comments. ■

James W. Cole (515 Aspen St..
Vandenberg, CA 93437) works for the
6595th Space Shuttle Test Group, U.S.
Air Force.

WORDS ARE

NOT

ENOUGH!

It's a real shame there's not a "ter-
ror" tense in the English language.

Then we could adequately describe
Asylum ami Asylum II, the ultimate ad-
venture games from ScreenPlay^^.

We'll give it a shot, though. Picture yourself in a
fifteen-hundred cell nuthouse in which dwell the
moM bizarre collection of kooks this side of your local
state college. These demented goons are kept in check
— but just barely — by an evil gang of semi-human
guards.

Your goal is survival — and freedom.

|[ym and Asylum II are two similar but distinct

mes, totally implemented in lightning-fast

^age, featuring ;^D graphics. Hallways

^een. Doors open and close. Beds,

tes are drawn on the screen —

hile the machine tries to

tiresome pauses for

adventu._
machine Ian
recede into the .
desks, and other in...
instantly. No dull delay. .
figure out what to do nexf!
endless disk I/O.

You don't talk In cryptic one- or ,.
mands, so there's no reason a game shouiu
of you. Asylum and Asylum II both supi
language input. Sentences like "DROP EVERYTI ...
ON THE DESK EXCEPT THE MATCHES" are inter^
preted and acted on Instantly. Further, the command
"VOCABULARY" will show you the entire lexical
dictionary, eliminating the need to second-guess pro-
gram designers you've never met.

Asylum and Asylum II.

They'll leave you speechless.

f^. TRS 80 MODEL I/Ill, 16K Cassette or 32K Disk

^ ASYLUM I Tape or Disk $19.95

AYSLUM II Tape or Disk $19.95

ScreenPIay™

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TO ORDER. CALL 1-800-334-5470 OR SEE YOUR DEALER

GRAPHICS

Symmetrical Graphics

by John D. Fowler, Jr.

Symmetrical visual patterns have a
special appeal to the human imagina-
tion. Symmetry implies a high degree of
organization, and seems to satisfy an
aesthetic need for order.

This article will deal with the visual
symmetry of rotations in a plane and of
reflections across a line.

An object is sj-mmetrical if certain
operations can be performed on it
which leave it unchanged in appear-
ance. For instance, a ferris wheel with
16 seats has 16-fold rotational symme-
try when viewed from the side. Each
rotation of 360 VI 6 brings the ferris
wheel back to an identical appearance.
If one seat is removed, the rotational
symmetry is reduced to single-fold (i.e.,
it takes a whole rotation to restore it to
its original appearance). If another seat
is removed halfway around, the ferris
wheel assumes two-fold rotational sym-
metry. In general, a body has n-fold
rotational symmetry if each successive
rotation of 360 °/n returns it to its
original configuration.

In addition to rotation, another sym-

Intrigued by graphics?
Consider these rota-
tions in a plane and re-
flections across a line.

metry opKration is reflection. If a body
is symmetrical with respect to a plane
passing through it, then it exhibits re-
flection or mirror symmetry about that
plane. (Two-dimensional objects have
reflection lines instead of planes.)

Symmetry of the Rectan^

Graphics display surfaces are most
likely to be flat rectangles. Figure I has
one-fold rotation and no mirror sym-
metry. Anything you put on the screen
meets these minimum requirements.

The next step up the symmetry scale
is single-fold rotation accompanied by a
mirror reflection. This, illustrated in
Fig. 2, is known as Im symmetry. The

mirror is shown along the x-axis for
convenience; it could just as well be
along the y-axis, but not both. Consider
the origin of the coordinate axes to be in
the center of the screen. The Im sym-
metry may be obtained by mapping
each display element in the upper half
upside-down into the lower half of the
display.

Mapping implies that there exists
some simple relationship between dis-
play elements in different parts of the
screen. For Im symmetry, this relation-
ship, written as x-*x, >^* - y, means that
for every point (x,y) in the upper half of
the display we set the corresponding
point (x, -y) in the bottom half to the
same color. Thus, in this case, the x
(horizontal) variable maps into it-
self, while the y (vertical) variable maps
into its negative. This makes the bottom
half of the display a mirror image of the
top half.

The simplest two-fold symmetry is
shown in Fig. 3. The mapping for this, 2
symmetry, is written as x-*-x and
y-*-y.

Fig. !. Symmetry pattern in the plane /or a rec-
tangle with one-fold rotation.

104 • 80 Micro, May 1983

Fig. 2. Symmetry pattern in the plane for a rec-
tangle with Im, one-fold rotation and mirror
reflection.

Fig. 3. Symmetry patterns in the plane for a rec-
tangle with 2, two-fold rotation.

LAST NifflT, CompuServe Turned This

Computer Into ATravel agent for Jennie,

A Stock Analyst For Ralph, And Now,

IT'S Sending Herbie To Another Galaxy.

NO MATTER WHICH COMPUTER

YOU OWN, WELL HELP YOU GET

THE MOST OUT OF IT.

If you've got places to go.
CompuServe can save you time and
money getting there. Just access the
Official Airline Guide Electronic
Edition— for current flight schedules and
fares. Make reservations through our
on-line travel service. Even charter
a yacht through "Worldwide Exchange."

If your money's in the market,
CompuServe offers a wealth of

prestigious financial data bases.
Access Value Line, or Standard and
Poor's. Get the latest information on
40,000 stocks, bonds or commodities.
Then, consult experts like IDS
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Or if, like Herbie. intergalactic
gamesmanship is your thing, enjoy the
best in fantasy, adventure, and space
games. Like MegaWars, the ultimate
computer conflict.

To get all this and more, you'll

need a computer, a modem and
CompuServe. CompuServe connects with
almost any personal computer, terminal,
or communicating word processor
To receive an illustrated guide to
CompuServe and leam how you can
sut)scrit)e. contact or call:

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-Sse List of Adwrtistrs on Page 371

An M&R Bkxtt Company

80 Micro, May 1983 > 105

% -t+

^■

r^-S^^iiJ' ^^^^B ^"^»

ut' ^

iH^gijsj

R4-

You might think that the next two-
fold symmetry would be 2m, but with
two-fold symmetry, one mirror line im-
plies another, so the next symmetry is
Tnan as in Fig. 4. Here there are four
images, with additional mappings:

x-*-x, y~*y;
x-*x, y* - y; and
x-*-x, y-*-y.

The 2mm symmetry is the highest ex-
hibited by the rectangle; however, by
being a bit devious it is possible to
squeeze out a pseudo-symmetry by scal-
ing a square into a rectangle.

The square in Fig. 5 has four-fold ro-
tational symmetry and two mirror axes.
Actually, this implies two more mirrors
along the diagonals, but the symmetry
is traditionally called 4mm. The map-
pings for the eight images are those
shown for 2mm plus these:

x-*y, y-*x;
X— -y, y-*x;

^""yi y"*"-"; and
x"*-y, y-*-x.

Pholo 2

Fig. 4. Symmetry pattern in the plane for rec-
tangle with 2mm, two-fold rotation and double-
mirrored reflection.

106 • 80 Micro, May 1983

Here, for the first time, we are map-
ping one variable, not into itself or its
negative, but into the other variable or
its negative. It is precisely because of
this, and the fact that the rectangle
scales differently along the two dira:-
tions, that these symmetries do not ap-
ply to the rectangle.

Stretching the square into a rectangle
destroys the four-fold rotational sym-
metry, but a pseudo-symmetry may be
obtained by scaling the four extra map-
pings of ^e square by the width-to-
height ratio of the rectangle. This scal-
ing makes things come out right at the
boundaries and along the axes and diag-
onals. An example of 4mm stretched to
fit the rectangle is shown in Fig. 6. This
pseudo-symmetry will be called p4mm.

The s<^ing factor may be defined as
the ratio of M, the number of graphics
elements along the x axis, to N, the
number along the y axis, as in the for-
mula S=M/N.

Under the scaling operation, the four
mappings of one variable into the other

that constitute the extra mappings for_
4mm symmetry become, in addition to
the unchanged 2mm mappings:

x/S— y, Sy-^x;
x/S— - y, S>^x;
x/S-*y, Sy— - x; and
x/S— -y, Sy-*-x.

Writing a Program

You can write a program to generate
symmetrical patterns simply by setting
the appropriate picture elements on the
display. Photos 1 , 2, and 3 show some
examples of patterns with p4mm sym-
metry drawn with the Radio Shack Col-
or Computer.

The Program Listing uses the RND
(random) function to control the color,
shape, size, and location of the pattern
elements. The coordinate origin the Col-
or Computer uses is in the upper left cor-
ner of the screen, so the eight mappings
(lines 380-490) appear in a somewhat
different form than before. For exam-
ple, the mapping x-*-x, y-*-y
becomes x-*M-x, y-*N-y, where

Fig. 5. Symmetry pattern in the plane for a
square with 4mm, four-fold rotation and double-
mirrored reflection.

Fig. 6. Pseudo symmetry, p4mm, pattern in the
plane for a square stretched into a rectangle.

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WE COULD SHOW
THE OLD WOMAN

WHAT TO DO
WITH THE SHOE.

INVESTOR Iir" makes rhyme and
reason out of real estate investing.

The Old Woman Who Lived In A Shoe made a
great nursery rhyme. But would the shoe make a
good real estate investment? Now. writh the help of
Good Software's INVESTOR lU'" you can know. In
fact, you can perfomi real estate analysis with
INVESTOR III™ about as easy as a child learns
Mother Goose.

Because INVESTOR III" was developed by a real
estate investment company and written by its in-
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comprehensive. %t, it's so easy to use that from
the moment you load INVESTOR III" into your
Radio Shack 'TRS-SO or your IBM Personal Com-
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To find out more (see if the shoe fits, so to
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OOOD

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A Division of The Goodman Group. Inc.

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$249.00 plus $5.00 for shipping and handling.

American Express. MasterCard and Visa accepted.

Dealer Inquiries Invited.

Making dollars and sense
out of Information.

.'496

r' S»e List of Advertisers on Page 371

80 Micro, May 1983 • 107

M-256 and N = 192 for the Color
Computer. The scale factor, necessary
for the p4mm symmetry, is defined in
Une 130.

The character of the patterns drawn
can be altered in a number of ways. Dif-
ferent families of patterns can be
created by changing the arguments of
the RND functions which control the
color variable, C, and the horizontal
and vertical increments, DH and DV, or
by altering the probabilities for chang-
ing these (lines 170 and 570). Changing
the equations for H and V in lines 520
and 530 wiU also make a big difference.
The program restarts when the value of
TIMER becomes sufficiently large.
This keeps the display from getting too
cluttered.

Special effects can also be created by

adjusting the color, tint, and brightness
controls on your monitor. To photo-
graph patterns from the screen, use a
tripod and a slow shutter speed (ap-
proximately Va second).

Line 5 should be used cautiously.
This doubles the clock speed for fetches
from the Basic ROM and thus makes
the program run somewhat faster. The
drawback is that I/O functions such as
CSAVE and CLOAD will no longer
work unless the computer is first reset.
If you choose to omit line 5, the only ef-
fect will be that it takes longer for pat-
terns to be drawn. ■

John Fowler can be reached at 946
Caplin, Los Alamos, NM 87544.

5 POKE 65495,0

10 PHODE 3,1

2B TIHER-0

30 PCLS

40 SCREEN 1,1

50 It)C-RND(4)-f4

60 IHC-IiND(4)+4

70 C-RND{9)-1

as 11-127

90 V-95

100 DB-1

110 DV— 1

120 DC-1

130 Sl-3/4

140 S2-1/S1

150 RA-RND(100)

160 IP TIKBR>12000 THEM

170 IF RA>65 TSEN GOSUB

550

180 H-H+DH

190 V-V+DV

200 IF U>-» TBEH 230

210 DH— DB

220 H-1

230 IF H<-254 THEN 260

240 DH— DH

250 H-255-INC

260 IF V>-0 THEN GOTO 290 |

270 DV— DV

280 V-1

290 IF V<35 THEN 320

300 DV— DV

310 V-95-INC

320 FOR HH-H-1 TO B+IHC

STEP DB

330 FOR W-V-1 TO V+INC

STEP DV

340 IF HH>255 THEM GOTO

520

350 IF W>95 THEN GOTO

520

360 IP HH<0 THEN 520

370 IP W<0 THEN 520

380 PSET(HH,W,C)

390 JQ-HH*Sl

400 JW-{256-HH)*Sl

410 JE«W*S2

420 JR-(192-W)*S2

430 P5ET[JE,JQ,C)

440 PSET(256-H[i,W,C)

450 PSET(JE,JW,C]

460 PSET(HH,192-W,C)

470 PSET(JR,JQ,C}

480 PSET(25e-HH,192-W,

490 PSET(JR,JH,C)

500 NEXT W

510 NEXT HB

520 H-HH-2

530 V-W-2

540 GOTO 150

550 C-RND(9)-1

560 DD-RHD(100)

570 IF DD<80 THEM 600

580 IHC-2*RHDM)

590 IHC-2*RND(4)

600 DV-3-2*RND(2)

610 DB-3-2*RHD(2)

620 RETURN

Program Listing

BTA MODEL 953B EPROM PROGRAMMER -$359

BAY TECmilCAL ASaOCIATES, Uw..

HWV a03. P O BOX 387

BAY ST LOUtS, MtSStSSPPI 39520

(SOI) 467-0231

Programi 2508. 2758. 2516, 2716, 27C16, 2532, 2732, 2732A, 27C32, 2564,

2764. 27C64. MCM68766, 27128.

RS-232. 3 line sarial interfscc, Xon/XoH formit, DB-25 I/O connector.

No parsorality modulM - softwara control EPROM sslsction.

Extandad disonostko.

LED warning indicatn power applied to EPROM socket.

Support! Intel, Motoroli, and Intel 8086 data formau as well as HEX daU

dump.

Automatic baud rate selection.

TextooJ zero imerlion force socket.

Available CP/M software.

^343 • Model 953A. programs most 24 pin EPROMS.

Price - $269.00

106 • 50 Micro. May 1983

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'The ONLY Book Club for micro users"

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335 105:i lO.'iS 1062 1U70 1141 11 (iO 1183
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(\ aliJ tiinipw rin'nih<.f.s tinlv KorpiRn and [anada add iO '■ OtiiBfSDUtsiiif IS.
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Till, (irdiT subw. t !•• fl( r pplamp bv The ( .ompulpi Bci.ik ( Autf KM-ifl 1

80 Micro. May 1983 • 109

HARDWARE

Color Computer Light Pen

by Ray N. Moses

ired of typing on your Color Computer? Build
this handy, inexpensive light pen, run the
programs, and enjoy faster and easier input.

50K OR lOOK
UNE/\R POTENTIOMETER
(271-1716)

SHELDED
PHONO JACK
(274-346)

Fig. 1. Joystick and Potentiometer

I have constructed a simple, inexpen-
sive light pen for the Color Computer.
It senses position and color in the same
manner as an expensive commercial
light pen.

All light pens are photocells— simple
light sensors. Since no photo detectors
can sense position or cblor, commercial
light pens use separate hardware to per-
form these tasks. My light pen uses the
computer's existing hardware and soft-
ware. The computer performs the anal-
yses, not the pen or an associated circuit
board.

The output from the photocell must
be input into the computer. This re-
quires an analog-to-digital conversion
performed at the Color Computer's
joystick port. Using the joystick poten-
tiometer as the point of connection (see
Fig. 1), the light pen can detect 64 light
levels.

Construction

You need a Radio Shack 276-116
photocell and an Eveready penlight
case. Your first step is to knock the red
tip out of the back of the light pen. Slide
the red tip about 6 inches down the
cord. Then slide the plastic cover from
inside the penlight on the cord.

The Key Box

Color Computer
16KRAM
Extended Color Basic

110 • 80 Micro, May 1983

Scanned by Ira Goldklang - www.trs-80.com

Next, solder the 276-1 16 photocell to
the end of the cord. Tapw over the wires
from the photocell to the cover. The
cover and photocell will be about '/:
inch longer than the interior of the
pen. Now screw the pen onto the base.
Slide the red tip up and apply a drop
of super glue.

Assemble the modified joystick as

shown in Fig. 1 . Unscrew the base from
the right joystick (joystick zero). Take
off the top. At a point 1 inch from the
left comer farthest from the trigger,
drill a hole for the shielded phono jack
(274-346).

Run wires from the central post on
the potentiometer and from the left post
on the potentiometer to the shielded

Coniinue'i itii /'. 1 16

276-116

PHOTOCELL

CCVER FROM
INSIDE PEN

PENLIGHT
BASE

SOLDER

EVEREADY PENLIGHT

No. 9215

(a Unicn Carbide ptoduct}

Fig. 2. Light Pen

Program Listing 1

Id Z-1

20 CLS(3)

30 PRI«T@160," FIND

A POINT AT THE PEN'S LOCATION AND SOUNDS

INTS THE X,Y COORDINATES."

40 PRINT"TO PROPERLY ADJUST THE PEN

WORD PEN AND ADJUST THE NUHBBR AT

800,"

50 PRINT'PRESS C TO STOP TEST AND
60 PRINT"THB PEN WILL NORHALLY TAKE
79 H-B :FOR T-1 TO 100; A-JOYSTK{0} iM-M+A:NEXT T:PRINTe0,H
8B IP IS-"C" THEN 110
90 IS"INKEYSjG0T0 70
100 FOR T-1 TO 3000 iNEXT T

THIS PROGRAM SETS
A TONE. IT THEN PR

POINT IT JUST ABOVE THE
THE TOP OF THE SCREEN T

CONTINUE."

ABOUT 4 SECONDS.'

Limnt I cttminue';

What do people

who've used the

NEW amber or green

replacement CRTs

say about them?

"To the President of Langley-

St. Clair:

"Your entire staff merits applause.

"For three months we've been
trying to get an Orange Phosphor
slow-decay CRT from Tandy.
with zero success, even though
we've spent over $16,000 with TRS.

"Three days after calling you,
not Spending a dime with you
previously, we got it. Seventy-two
minutes later, it was up and
working fine.

"Your shipment service is ter-
rific. Your installation guide is
100% clear with accurate step-
by-step instructions and even a
touch of welcome humor,

"This is the first letter produced
with your CRT. After we try it for
a while, we'll probably order two
more for our other TRS-80 Mod
lis. ..from you, no one else.

"Congratulations. Your adver-
tising is accurate."

Rene Gnam
Ciearv/ater. Florida

From an unsolicited
letter of tesiimortiBl

"I recently replaced the old
black & white CRT in my (Heath-
kit) H89 microcomputer with one
of the new Amber non-glare
CRT's sold by Langley-St, Clair
Instrumentation. The decrease in
eye strain was quite dramatic
and I highly recommend the
amber tube in place of either the
plain white or ghastly green that
Heathkit offers...

"I must admit there is one
drawback. Since the amber tube
has a non-glare surface, I can no
longer see people sneaking up
on me."

John Roy
Review in
Buss Newsletter December 1982

LSIS'i NEW SOFT-VIEW
REPLACEMENT CRT

FOR THE
FULL STORY
SEE PAGE 29

Lansley-St.Clair

instrumentation
Svstems, Inc

13? West ^4in St MY NY lOOn
1-800-221-7070 ,^462

^See List ol Advertlsors on Pago 371

80 Micro, May 1983 • 111

Latin/i 1 cimrmued

lie CLS(4)

128 SET(3B,15,3)

13B INPUT'ENTER P'jPS

140 CLS(0}

15B FOR Y-0 TO 31 STEP 16

160 FOR X-0 TO 63 STEP 4

170 IP X-60 THEN SET(X+3 ,Y,1) : SET(X+3 ,V+8,1) i SET (X+3 ,

Y+14,l)iSET

{X+3,Y+15,1)

18a IF X-60 THEN SET(X+3 ,y+4 , 1) !SET(X+3 ,y+12 ,1)

190 J-JOYSTK(0}

200 SET(X,Y,1)

210 SET(X-f2,Y,l)

520 R-B

220 SET(X,Y+2,1)

530 B-Y

230 SET(X+2,Y+2,1)

540 IF B<15 THEN GOTO 560

240 SET(XrY+4,l)

550 IF Z-2 AND A-8 THEN A-^ei :B-0: Z-1

250 SET(X+2,Y-t-4,l)

560 IF B>16 THEN B-16

260 SET(X,Y+6,1)

570 FOR N"B TO B+15

270 SET(X+2,Y+6,a)

575 FOR H-A-8 TO A+2 STEP 2

2S0 SET(X,Y+8,1)

620 SET(H,N,1)

290 SET(X+2,y+8,l)

630 IF H>62 THEN H-62

310 SET(X,Y+10,1)

640 J-JOYSTK(0)

320 SET(X+2,Y4-10,1)

650 IF J<30 THEN 710

330 SET(X,Y+12,1)

660 R-R+liIF R>60 AND A<60 THEN A-H:B-N:GOTO 710

340 SET(X+2,Y+12,1)

670 IF R>80 AND A>60 THEN A-1 ;B-22:GOTO 930

350 SET(X,Y+14,1)

700 NEXT H

360 SET{X+2,Y+14,1)

705 NEXT N

370 IF Y>15 AND X>1 THEN ZU-0

707 H-0:N-fl:GOTO 570

380 ZR-X

710 FOR A-M TO M+1

390 IF ZR<ZU THEN ZR-ZU:G0TO 430

720 IF A>63 THEN A-63

400 IF y<15 THEN ZU-0

730 FOR B-N TO N+1

410 IF Y<ie THEN ZU-X ELSE ZU-fl

740 IP B>31 THEN B-31

420 IF J<25 THEN ZR-1

750 CLS(e}

430 IP V-2 THEN GOTO 440

760 IF B>30 THEN B-3e

440 IF J<25 THEN GOTO 480

770 IF A<63 THEN SET(A+1,B,1) :SET(A+1,B+1 ,1)

450 NEXT X

780 IF B>1 AND A-t-l>63 THEN SET(2r22,l)

460 NEXT Y

790 SET(A,B,1]

470 GOTO 10

800 SET(A,B+1,1)

480 CLS(e)

B10 J-JOYSTK(0)

490 A-X

820 IF J<35 THEN GOTO 930

500 IF A>61 THEN A-61

830 IF Z-3 THEN GOTO 140

510 IF A<8 THEN A-B

840 Z-=Z + 1 I.almg U-onlwues

CONVERT YOUR TRS-80 MODEL! OR III INTO A

DEVELOPMENT
SYSTEM

Now you can develop Z-80 based
stand-alone devices such as games
robots, instruments and peripheral
controllers, by using your TRS-80 as a
development system The DEVELOP-
MATE plugs into the expansion con-
nector of your TRS-80 and adds
PROM PROGRAMMING and IN-
CIRCUIT-EMULATION capabilities to
your system (with or without expan-
sion interface)

Complete instructions and sample
schematics are included to help you
design your own simple stand-alone
microcomputer systems THESE
SYSTEMS CAN BE AS SIMPLE AS
FOUR ICs one TTL circuit for clock
and reset, a Z-80. an EPROM and one
peripheral interface chip.

When the In-Ctrcurt-Emulation
cable ts plugged into the Z-80 socket
of your stand-alone system, the sys-
tem becomes a part of your TRS-80:
You can use the full power of your
editor/assembler's debug and trace
program to check out both the hard-
ware and the software Simple test
loops can be used to check out the
hardware, then the system program
can be run to debug the logic of your
stand-alone device

Since the program is kept in TRS-80

RAM, changes can be made quickly
and easily. When your stand-alone
device works as desired, you use the
Developmate's PROfyl PROGRAMMER
to copy the program into a PROM.
With this PROM and a Z-80 m place of
the emulation cable, your stand-alone
device will work by ilselt

The DEVELOPMATE is extremely
compact Both the PROM programmer
and the In-Circuil-Emulator are in one
small plastic box only 3 2" x 5 4" A
line-plug mounted power supply is
included The PROM programmer has
a "personality module" which defines
the voltages and connections of the
PROM so that future devices can be
accommodated However, the system
comes with a "universal' personality
module which handles 2758. 2508 (8K).
2716. 2516 (16K). 2532 (32K). as well
as the new electrically alterable 2816
and 48016 06K EEPROMs)

The COMPLETE DEVELOPMATE

81, for Model I, with software, power
supply, emulation cable, TRS-80
cable, and "universal " personality
module S329

DEVELOPMATE 83, Model III version,
same as above S329

PM2 PERSONALITY MODULE for
2732A EPROM $15

PM3 PERSONALITY MODULE for
2764 EPROM $15

QRIDN

INSTRUMENTS -'^'

172 Otis Avenue, Dept M, Woodside,

CA 94062

(415) 851-1172

Maslef Cfiarge and Visa phone orders accepted
Calitornis residents please add 6 % sales lai

112 • 80 Micro. May 1983

Listing 1 continued

850

FOR T=l TO 20

860

J-JOySTK(0)

670

IF J<35 THEN GOTO 930

880

IF T>18 AND B>4 THEN B-B-1

890

NEXT T

900

GOTO 4 90

910

NEXT B

920

NEXT A

930

CLS(3)

932

IF B-0 THEN B-1

934

IF B<6 THEN B-B+1

936

IF B<2e AND ZU>c0 THEN B-B+1

940

IF A>2e THEN 990

950

IF B<16 THEN 990

960

IF ZU<45 THEN 990

970

A-59:B-B

980

IF Y<16 THEN A-(A+Z0)/2

990

IF A>ZU AND Y<16 THEN A-ZU:B=B+3

998

SET(A,B,4)

1000 PRINT A;B;ZU

1010 SOUND A+1,B+1

1020 Z-1

1030 FOR T-1 TO 3000:HEXT T

1040 INPUT'ENTER P TO SET ANOTHER POINT. ";PS

1050 CLS(0]

1060 ZU-0

1070 IF PS-'P" THEN 140

7705 NEXT N

YOUR COMPUTER LIGH
YELLOW, BLUE, AND
HOLD IT OVER A RE

Program Listinf; 2

10 REM

20 CL£(4}

30 PRINT816B," COLOR TEST

T PEN CAN DISTINGUISH BETWEEN GREEN,

RED. TO USE THE PEN TO DETECT COLOR

GION FOR AT LEAST TEN SECONDS."

40 PRINT'WHEN THE TONE SOUNDS PLACE THE LIGHT PEN OVER A COLOR

AND LET IT ROIAIN THERE UNTIL THE TONE SOUNDS AGAIN."

50 FOB T=l TO 40B0:NEXT T

60 CLS(3)

70 PRINTei60,"TO CALIBRATE THE SYSTEM ADJUST THE JOYSTICK FOR G

REEN-18, YELLOW-4, BLUE-36.5, AND RED-27-OR AS CLOSE

AS POSSIBLE."
80 FOR T=l TO 3000:NEXT T
90 FOR X=0 TO 62
100 FOR Y=0 TO 31
110 IF A<10 THEN S-2
120 IF ie<A<25 THEN S=l
130 IF 25<A THEN S-3
140 SET(X,Y,X/14)
150 SET{10,10,S)
160 NEXT Y
170 NEXT X

175 PBINTe320, "TO END CALIBRATION TAP C"i CS-INKEYS
180 FOR T=l TO 100
185 FOR A-1 TO 40

190 J*JOYSTK[0)

191 CS-INKEY5

192 IF CS""C"THEN 229
195 M=M+J

197 NEXT A

198 J-M/40

200 PRINT§0,J

201 H-0
210 NEXT T

220 INPUT"TO TEST COLOR ENTER A KBY"iS$

23 REM

240 Z-0

250 FOR N-1 TO 120

260 A=JOYSTK{0)

270 A"(A+(N-1)*Z)/N

280 IF N-119 THEN PRINTe320,A

290 IF 14<A<19 THEN S-l

30B IF A<7 THEN S-2

310 IF 19<A THEN S-4

320 IF 3KA THEN S-3

330 SET(10,10,S)

340 Z=A

350 IF N-119 THEN SOUND 160,8

360 IF N=119 THEN PRINT#352 , "THE COLORS ABE 1 GREEN, 2 YELLOW, 3

BLUE, 4 RED. THE PEN HAS OVER'.S

370 NEXT N

380 GOTO 230

What do people

who've used the

NEW amber or green

replacement CRTs

say about them?

".Anyone could easily install
this replacement CRT. The in-
structions are clear, simple (if not
over simplified), and complete. At
no time during the installation
was I confused or lost. It even
worked the first time I turned it on.

■| believe the orange (amber)
phosphor IS a great improvement
over the standard monitor Often
I sit at my computer for several
hours at a time and I can really
tell the difference between the
two monitors...

The (Langley-St. Clair Soft-View)
CRT IS an excellent product and
makes the TRS-80 an even better
computer."

Mark Renne
Revtew in 80 U.S

"The tnslructions.,.are in pleas-
ingly plain English, and I was
able to install the CRT m about
twenty minutes, even though I
had never performed such a task
before. The difference m the
display is most gratifymg. it has
a much more protessionat' ap-
pearance, the contrast is much
better, and it is definitely easier
to use for sustained periods of
time. The last item is particularly
important, since my TRS-80 is
mostly used for word processing.

"Again, thank you very much
for your excellent service in pro-
viding me with a product which
IS everything it was advertised to
be, and which makes my com-
puter more useful. .1 will not
hesitate to recommend your fine
product and company to other
TRS-80 owners."

J. Kimble Rigney
Columbus, Ohio

LSIS'i NEW SOFT-VIEW
REPLACEMENT CRT

FOR THE
FULL STORY
SEE PAGE 29

Langley-St.Clair

In^truniRtitotion

1.^2 West i-'-lth S: NY NY 1U0'

i-8()n-22i-ro;o

^See List al Aaveriisers on Page 371

80 Micro. May 1983 • 113

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PRICE BREAKTHROUGH

i
i

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We have rewritten the book on Hard Drives. Our hard drives
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(runs on the Model I and Model III using the same adapter),
jU but, we must admit, it is the lowest (in cost that is) starting at

g $1,595.00 for a 12 meg. (unformatted) primary and $895.00

for a secondary system. All systems come complete with power
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Warranty — one full year. Call for more details.

We now are featuring quality disk drives.

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Ochecks accepted at no extra charge, 3- Microsystems Software. Inc-^

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114 • 80 Micro, May 1983

DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIV

PRICE BREAKTHROUGH^

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Starting at $ 199.95 complete!!

B with Power Supply and Case.

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single sided 80 track — dual sided 80 track

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X Double Double Special

^ dual sided 80TK drive with Power Supply and Case

and Our Double Double Warranty - All for $299.95

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and Our One (1) Year Warranty - all for $269,95

TOLL FREE ORDERING GENERAL and TECHNICAL

1-800-343-8841 1-617-872-9090 B

w Model III Internal Disk Drive Kits $Call f

i Color Computer Drives O 1 23 $Call

Diskettes of all sizes (boxoi io) stamngat $23.00

Dot Matrix Printers $Call

Word Processing Printers .tartingat $999.95

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S checks accepted at no extra Charge. (ol^) 872-9090 3 'apple computir CORP.

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^SeeiistoiAa^efi'sersor.PagBsr 80 Micro. May 1983 • 115

Continued from p. Ill

phono jack as shown. Solder the wires
to the phono jack. Put the top cover
back on the joystick . Plug your pen into
the phono jack and load one of the pro-
grams in this article.

Finally, plug the cable into the modi-
fied joystick. You can now adjust the

''My light pen

uses the computer's

existing hardware

and software. "

joystick or potentiometer to the light
level of your TV. Be sure not to use the
pen in brightly lit or back-lit rooms,
which will create highlights on the TV
screen.

This pen is not nearly as fast as those
operated by hardware, but you can
speed it up by converting the programs

to machine language.
Software for the Hardware

I have included five Basic programs

Conlinua on p 119

Program Listing 3

le RQl- CAKNONP

20 u-e

30 Z-«
48 CI^Ol
50 H-e

60 PRINTe64,'

E MIDDLE OF THE BLUE AND ADJl]ST THE

A LIGHT CONRTOLLED CANNON

PEN SENSITIVITY SET

PLACE THE PEN IN TH
NUHBSR TO NEAR 3BB0

ADJUSTED THE PROGRAM HI

70 PRIHT'WHEN THE PEN IS PROPERLY

LL ADTOHATICLY CONTINUE."

60 FOR T-1 TO 15B01NEXT T

90 FOR T-1 TO 100

100 A-JOYSTK(e)

110 H-H+A

120 NEXT T

130 PRINT M

140 FOR T-1 TO 500INEXT T

150 IF 2500<M GOTO 170

160 GOTO 40

170 IF 4000>H THEN GOTO 172 ELSE GOTO 40

172 PRINT'IF THE PEN DOESN'T FIRE THE

T OVER THE CANNON BARREL GENTLY NUDGE

IRES."

174 FOR T-1 TO 4000:HEXT T

1B0 RQl-HAIN PROGRAM

190 N-1

200 CLS(4)

210 PRIHmeB," CANNON

N PU^E YOUR LIGHT PEN AGAINST THE SCOPE

SB THE CANNON TO FIRE HOVE THE PEN OVER THE

E END OF THE BARREL."

220 FOR T-1 TO 2B00:NEXT T

230 PRIlfT"HATCB FOR THE PLANE TO MOVE. FIRE AS SOON AS POSSIB

/wine .' ivnrmues

FIRST TIME YOU PLACE I
THE JOYSTICK TILL IT F

TO FIRE THE CANSO
FACE. WHEN YOU Wl
BRIGHT SPOT AT TH

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116 • 80 Micro, May 1983

RUN BASIC PROGRAMS AT

WITH ZBASIC 2.2.

THE WORLDS FASTEST TRS-80 BASIC COMPILER from

BEUEVE IT OR NOT WEVE ADDED MORE
NEW FEATURES to the ONLY INTERACTIVE
BASIC COMPILER for the TRS-80 1

I speed increaies ol ?('- UK) times are typical allfr compilation

J Compiled code can be RtLOCATiD fo run jnvwhfve in mernofy Code n even

ROMable'
i ZBASIC -'J \0\\ SUPPORTS BOTH RANDOM and StQUlNTIAL DISK lO
4 Z8 ASIC -' - II non a tupet tool for busineib ptoftrammen RA\DO^^ .ACCf SS
lilts. andPRl'^l LS/SC >tJtemen(> are supported ai ^etl as a HIGH PRtCI-
S/()S MATH pacKaae'^ith no 'ounding problemsi
) Special BLILr-l\ MACHINE MNCLACf COMMANDS to increase p'Oniam
operation b\ di much a-. Iiion fimes' Special commandi are implemented tor
/j)[ memor\ lejrL hinti K PDR, CPIRi, block memory mo\eb!iDIR. LDDRI. in-
putting and printing HLX nunihen, inserting MACHIf^l. LANCUACf into
COMPILED CODl, di'-ablina and enabling interrupts, inverting memory. Iti bit
/'/f Ks and POKLy and std< l> cnnim/, debug and much more,
b ZBASIC 2.2 compile-, the I NTIR[ PROGRAM into ZW machine language
I \ol 8()80 code or a combination ol BASIC and machine language like some
other comtij/efs i Clufm\ il\KI\C LOADER'^ and RL \IIMt MODULtS are not
needed. ZB\SIC 2 2 creates a read\ to run \M(/(ISf t ANCLACi piogram
7 NO RO'lALTliS imposed on registered ZBASK onna
fl T\pical CO\fPILMIO\ TIMl /, TWO StCOSDS tor a -Jh program
9 1 -.e IPS-*' Banc to wnte ZHAS/C programs'

W i ompiie some eijitin^ programs i\ith onU minor changes iB^SIC program
ming experience is require*/ ,

1 1 hilh tompjtib'e vMth both the Model I and the Model III Mod I compiled
programs rtort. on a MODH III. and \ice-\ena ZBASIC works ynth
Nl\\DOS«). N[WDC)S + . DOSPLUS. LDOS. MULTIDOS. ULTRADOS,
TRSDOS etc (Not IRSDCiS Mod I double densiivl

12 HUILT-I^ and much improved MUSIC and "--OUf^D [FftCTS commands
li lmpro\ed CHAI\I\G lor disk users

N MMfi no" available on DI^K \er-,ion 'Mod I onh!

Ii ZB-\SIC 2 2 novs has an INPLT @ command I similar to PRIM ®;

16 fhe TAB lunction mil nov, tab 2S5 columns on a printer iRASir cannot tab

past calumr 64 :
T" \f\\ DOS 8(1 2 LSIRS can use the CMD do-, 'ommand function'

IDOSPLLS ma^ use narr^ dns command :

18 \flX and fAS/fff to met SKCO^^MA^DS

19 NC" maih tunctioris to t akuiate \OR and I\U(..IR R[MAI\DtRS ol a
l)l\ISIO\

211 Logical S1RII\C COMl'ARISO\S are now supported

21 fhe disk commands IMSTR, MID$ ASSICNMHsiJ are ntjw supported on (jolfi
DISH. AND lAPE ZBASIC

22 DffSJR IS now suppcim-<l

Zi trght disk iiles ma\ be opened simultaneoiislv random, '.equentiaf or mned

24 LISL l\PLTU. IS rwm supported

25 Invoke the cornpilet bs simph hittir^g (hese fwu kess —

2h \l\\ «»- PACl MASUAL \\ ITH DESCRIPTIONS A\D tWMPLl

2' ZBASIC J J Corner vsith CMDflLLCMD program from MISOSVS, to d//o« rfp-

pending or merging < ompiled programs and machine language programs frtim

Idpe or disk

lOMIN. 2 SEC.

17MIN.14SEC.

lOMIN. IS SEC.
I tVS BYTES
13733 BYTES

ZBASIC 2.2 DOES NOT SUPPORT THESE
BASIC COMMANDS:

1 ATN, EXP, COS, SIN. LOG, TAN, and exponentiation [However.
suDroutines are included in the tnanual for these functions J

2 ERROR. ON ERROR GOTO. ERL. ERR RESUME

3 No direct commands like AUTO. EDIT LIST. LLIST ETC, although
these commands may be used when writing programs

4 Others NOT supported CDBL. CINT CSNG, DEFFN, FIX, FRE

5 Normal CASSETTE I/O (ZBASIC suppons rt s own SPECIAL
CASSETTE I/O statements 1

6 SOME BASIC COMMANDS MAY D<FFER IN ZBASIC For
instance. ENDjumps to DOS READY, STOPjumps to BASIC
READY etc

7 MEMORY REQUIREMENTS to approximate the largest BASIC
program that can Oe compiled ir^ your machine (at one time), enter
BASIC and type PRINT [MEM-6500|/2. Remember, you can merge
compiled programs together to fill memory.

ZBASIC 2.2 SPEED COMPARISON DEMO

To help give you an idea how fast compiled programs are, we have
included this demo program;

ZBASIC 2.2 DEMO PROGRAM

Time to cotnpile and run complete program

BASIC Execution speed MOD I , LEVEL II

ZBASIC Execution speed MOD 1 . LEVEL II

BASIC Program size (WITHOUT VARIABLES)

ZBASIC Program size (WITHOUT VARIABLES)
(Rememt)er that the ZBASIC program includes an 1 879 byte sub-
routine package ) Program shown exactly ds compiled and run in
BASIC and ZBASIC

19 .......... ZBOSIC 2,2 EXAMPLE PROGRM) AND TIME TEST-------

20 CLSiCLERRieeiDEFINT R-trOEFSTR ZsDIH M (64, 241 , Z <S0) iRflNDOH
3t 0fl-lMlBB--ie«eiCC-3iDD--3iEE--99g9iST«-"STflRT TIME -+TIHC»
A« FOR I-1T0127STEP2 iFOR J^47T01STEP-3i XX-POINT ( I , J) iSET ( I , J)
M XX-II-J) /CC»(7*1*J) iXX-RBB<INT(RND(l»J)-Aai*7) iP»ESET(I,J)

69 XX-PEEK(1+J) :PaKE1536a-»l+J, J t OUT 255, J OND (3«J1 i XX-INP ( I )

70 PBt-STRad-fJ) :B»«-LEFT«(PBS,2) t M ( I /2. J/S) -VOL (BAS) +(W<3
Be Ba«-EiO«tni(WT«(BR«,RND(3) ) : XX-INSTB 1 1 , Bn«, "9"» : XX-SQf) ( I 'J*
39 Bns-niD«(Ba*,2,2) :H10*(BnS, 1, 1)=Z iIF IX THEN 100 ELSE CL5
1»C IF LEN(Bn«H3 OR S(WIXX1-1 OI«D ftSClBf>«)-33 THEN PRIMT"««*"i
lie IFP0S(e))62 T»CN TRON:TROFF:PIIINT ELSE IX-NOT (RND (99) 1 tlM
15« a*-INK£V«iIF R»--¥- OR B»--y" AND IH20 T«N PRINT-TRUE. . "
13« RESTORE i REAM, C, I ( Jl , OiGOSUBlTSiGOSUBl 7eiGOSUB17«iGOT021«
lAt NEXT .ORlNT-.-i if«XTI iCLSiPRINTMI5,ST«, -STOP TI« -|TI»««
ISe STOP' "---"==""- END OF HOIN TEST LCXJP ---™™=™-™
Ite t»TO 123*5,-1, "TEST-, -9993

170 ON RND 5OT0 lee, 190, 290, ISe, 190,200

1S0 RETUftN

190 RETURN

£00 RETURN

2ie []N RNDO) GosuB IBS, i90,2ee, lae, 199,200, im. 1 99,200

220 BOT0:*e

NOUd /RASK 20OWNFRS hhi i .in iipnTddc \nur i^HAMC J (Hoi m) ( hari{r liis(
send us viKii cHiK"'<il diskpTtP ( js^i'TIr ctnri SI S (Kl wilh \mi' tt^istrrt^ti v#'«iiil r*ur»>bt-f
and iiitA 111 vc«jr iinoite We will M-rxUnur ZBASIC 2 2 anil uimI.iIo tri>(>i.ii pnaiiii.il

VISA, MAMIKI.AKD, AMtRICAV fXPHtSS, COD OHPI KS L Al I

800 528-1149 order IliM

ZBASIC Z 2 DISK VERSION AND MANUAL „ 89.95

ZBASIC 2 7 TAPE VERSION AND MANUAL 79 95

ZBASIC 2 2 DISK & TAPE VERSION AND MANUAL 99 99

MANUAL ONLY (APPLIES TO PURCHASE) 25 (K)

siMinK ciNPiTEi nnicis mc.

TECHNICAL QUESTIONS PlfASE CALL |M2) 323-9391
4897 E. SPEEDWAY, TUCSON, ARIZONA SS712 ^ i,

TRS-BO rt im ol R»*o Shatk. a Tandy Corp

• Sat List ol Advertisers on Page 371

80 Micro, May 1983 • 117

COMPUTER
SHACK

CYCLE INVOICE & ACCOUNTS
RECEIVABLE SYSTEM

The CYCLE INVOICE SYSTEM is a serious
business program (or small businesss look-
ing tor a quick and efficient means of issuing
invoices, recording payments, and keepmg
track of customer accounting. Management
reports include listing of delinquent accounts
and period- to- date totals of receipts and in-
voices Increased control of accounts receiv-
able "float" will result in improved cash flow
and profits This system is essential tor any
business where invoices are issued on a
periodic basis to the same customers, such
as apartment buildings {monthly invoices)
Refuse Disposal (quarterly). Linen service
(weekly), bi-weekly, monthly, quarterly, semi-
annual or annual schedule. Different invoice
cycles can be mixed within the same file A
regular invoice amount can be entered along
with an adjustment to allow for over-due
charges, sur-charges. delinquent amounts,
or credits.

THE CYCLE SYSTEM is designed for any
person regardless of their computer ot lack
of computer experience Each customer file.
once entered, displays the full name and
address along with the most recent pay-
ments, the invoice cycle, total payment re-
ceived, and balance due.

The CYCLE INVOICE and ACCOUNTS RE-
CEIVABLE SYSTEM IS one of the finest pro-
grams of its kind on the market for the low
price of only $199.95

Small Business Programs

CHECKIN6 ACCOUNT

Mod I or III, 48k disk S39.M

Excellent check writing program for small
businessman or for personal use. Menu
operated for easy use. Has Screen editor, 99
catagories of expenses Sorts on payee.
Check number, or date. It can print your
checks on the pnnter.

illilHG STSnH

Mod I or III. 48k disk $3».«

A billing system written by a businessman for
his own use. It is simple, fast and easy to use.
Has a screen editor for quick error correction
Prints out invoices, then will send a monthly
bill to each customer It will add interest or
carrying charges. This is not a complicated
accounts receivable it is a simple but effec-
tive way to keep track ot who owe's you
money for the company that doesn't do a lot
of credit business.

COMPUTER SHACK

info 1313)673-8700
Orders CALl TOU FREE (8001 39?-8881

sf'-DD-g - -.-c J S ^ Sr- -.X- ■.?' v^a".i;:.i ■ '.Vi
ProDe' fpcstaqe l~_'^ ^e c' '_ 5 C.i'.i-i-i '■**■■ .
Dttalero «%e a'e a &" r„;.'-i ';• rf ■••— s - ■- s

Luiint i ioniinurd

LE AFTER IT DOES. GOOD SHOOTIHG."

240 PRINT'TO USE TSIS PROGRAH WITHOUT A LIGHT PEN SIKPLY SWING
JOySTICK(B) FROM RIGHT TO LEFT AND BACK. IN THIS MODE
START WITH THE JOYSTICK TO THE RIGHT."

25B FOR T-1 TO 228B:NEXT T
260 F-1
270 CLS(0)
2S0 H-0
290 X<-40:Y-20
300 FOR C-20 TO 25
310 SET(20+C,C,3)
320 NEXT C

339 SET(X,Y,2)

340 F-F+1

350 IF F>12 THEN F-1

360 PRINT@F,CHR$(62]

370 ES-INKEY$:IF E$-"E" THEN PRINTei60 , "YOUR SCORE WAS". 9* S/U

3BB FOR T*l TO IBB

39B A-JOYSTK(a)

4B0 H-H+A

410 NEXT T

420 IF H<4000 THEN H-0:GOTO 450

430 FOR T-l TO 300: NEXT T

440 GOTO 27

450 FOR H-X-2 TO X+2

460 FOR V-V-2 TO Y+2

470 IF V<1 THEN GOTO 270

480 SET[H,V,2}

490 A»JOYSTK(fl)

5B0 H=H+A

510 RESET(H,V)

520 IF H<4000 GOTO 560

530 NEXT V

540 NEXT H

550 GOTO 450

560 X-HiY-V

570 H-0

580 IF F>12 THEN F=l

590 F-F+1

600 PRINT9F,CHRS{62)

610 Z-Z+1

620 U-Z/10

630 IF F-.5*X THEN CLS{3):S0UND 30, 15 : S=S+1 : PRINTgl60 , "YOU GOT H

IM.":FOR T-1 TO 209:NEXT T

640 GOTO 450

YOUR MISSILES TRAVE

OVER A LARGE GREEN ARE

READS ABOUT 2000. LOWER

Program Lisiinn 4

5 CLS(3)

7 PRINTei60," KAMIKAZE

L ON THE BEAM OF YOUR LIGHT PEN"

6 FOR T-1 TO 3000:NEXT T
IB U-0

11 K-0

12 PRINT"TO CALIBRATE YOUR PEN HOLD IT
A."

13 PRINT"ADJUST THE JOYSTICK UNTIL IT
NUMBERS ARE EASIER, HIGHER ARE HARDER."

16 FOR T-1 TO 1500: NEXT T

17 FOR N«l TO 50:J-JOYSTK(0) :K-K+J:NEXT N iPRINT K

18 FOR T-1 TO 500:NEXT T
20 K-0

30 T-0
35 W-1
35 INPUT-TO END TEST ENTER E. TO TEST AGAIN ENTER A'jES

37 IP E5-"E" THEN GOTO 40

38 GOTO 16

40 REM-KAMIKAZE

50 PCLEAR8

60 PCLS

70 Z-50-t-RND(50)

80 U-U+1

90 FOR N-1 TO 4

100 FOR P-1 TO 8

110 PMODE 0,F

120 Z-Z+3*N

130 PCLS

140 CIRCLE[Z,90) ,{P+7*{N-1))/1.5

145 IP RHD(10)>9 THEN SOUND 205 ,4 :LINE ( Z ,90] - ( 128 ,180) ,PSET: IF A

>40 AND Z>160 THEN GOTO 370

150 PAINT(Z,9«} ,3,1

160 LINE {Z-3*(P+7*( (N-1))) , 90) -{ Z+3* (P+7* (N-1) ) ,90) »PSET

118 • 80 Micro. May 1983

Latmx 4 cwilinued

170 LINE(Z,9e)-(Z,9B-2*( P+7* (N-1) ) ) ,PSET

18fl LINE(Z-1.5*(P+7*<N-1)),9B-P-7*(N-1))-(B+1.5*(P+7*(K-1)),M-P

-7*(N-1)) ,PSET

190 SCREEN1,0

20fl A*JOYSTK(0)

210 IF A<3 THEN A-3

220 LIHE(4*A-10,90)-(4*A't-lfl,90) ,PSET

230 LINE(4*A,80)-(4*A,100] fPSET

240 A-JOYSTK(0)

250 IP A<4e THEN GOTO 290

260 IF N-4 AND P-5 THEN GOTO 370

270 NEXT P

260 NEXT N

290 FOR L*l TO 30

300 LINE(4*A,90)-(4*A-RND(80]-i'40,90+RND(80)-40) ,PSET

310 NEXT L

320 SCREEN1,0

325 SOUND 10,30

330 CLS{4)

340 PRINT9ie0, "CONGRATULATIONS YOUR SCORE HAS'30

-(P+7*N)

350 S-30-(P+7*N)

360 GOTO 420

370 CL5(8)

380 PRINT@160, "CONDOLENCES HILL BE SENT TO NEXT OF KIN"

390 K-30

400 S-0

410 GOTO 420

420 T-T+S-K

425 S$-INKEY$

427 IF S$-"S" THEN GOTO 490

428 W-H-fl:IF W-10 THEN GOTO 490
480 GOTO 70

490 CLS(l)

491 FOR X>0 TO 63

492 FOR Y-0 TO 31

493 SET(X,Y,Y/4)

494 NEXT Y

495 NEXT X

500 PRINTPiee.'YOUR TOTAL WAS"T,"IN "U, "TRIES"

Conlinufd from p. 116

that demonstrate use of this light pen.
Program Listing 1 finds the pen and
gives the location and brightness of the
light point.

Program Listing 2 determines color.
Each of the eight colors and black cor-
responds to a different brightness.
Three colors — green, yellow, and red —
are sufficiently different in brightness
that the pen can ordinarily distinguish
them. Another way to distinguish colors
is to use a high-speed reset with a delay,
different for each color.

Program Listing 3 fires a light-
controlled cannon. Program Listing 4 is
a light-pen game called Kamikaze. Pro-
gram Listing 5 lets you write on the
screen.

For those of you unable or unwilling
to build this light pen, I will provide an
assembled unit for $36. 1 will also pro-
vide the complete kit for SI8.I

Contact Ray Moses at P.O. Box
11038, HuntsviUe. AL 35805.

I i\rinr 3 im p. 120

AFFORDABLE

PROM/EPROM

PROGRAMMING!

Until now. PROM and EPROM programming
equipment would cost thousands ol dolkars
The man uJacturera of such equipment have
locused on a vast array ol PROM/EPROM
types; thus making the programming
capability" aHordable to very tew users.
Riverloke Systems has bridged this dollar gap
with the EP 10

When you receive the Model EP- 10, no extra
hardware or software is required. The EP-iO
connects to the existing 50-pin connector on
your Radio Shack TRS-80 III. and the software
is supplied on a 5vr disk or cassette The soft-
ware is menu driven with simple single key
commands, orvd there is always a status
display on the screen to guide you through
any operation The PROM types you con

^^\

628129
a2S133

program cae Signetics 82SI23 and 82S129
btpokir PROMS: EPROM types are 2716(6voM).
2732, 2732(A). and now available as an
opuon (additional charge) the 2764 EPROM,

FKK:E:&32495. AddS^
addiHooal lor 2764
Q>ROM option

RrVTfilAKE SYSTEMS INC

i"C box ivi?
RoawellGA 30077
4IM-47&<X)28

Ra*0 SMck tf<9 TR3-eO «• triMnurftl o' Tandy Cof ».

>'5m List 0/ Advertistfs on Pag» 371

80 Micro. May 1983 • 11B

NEW 70 POINT

SAT* INCREASE

WARRANTY

Kreirs College Board

SAT

Preparation Series

ATARI, APPLE, PET, TRS-BO, IBM

A COMPREHENSIVE PREPARATION PACKAOE
MORE THAN 40 PROGRAHS/S2M-M

1 Djagnostir anal, sis

2 P'PSjriDtia-i o' inOivhOuai Sludy plans

3 Coverage d all SAT' skiis

4 Jniiniieo d^iii anrt n'^'clice

5 SAT' tiam Queslion s^^nulals'

6 Al' aL,es^Ofs 'i SAT' i-ji'^a\ ana at
SAT' ^it'icuity level
.ristantaieous an5**"s eic^naljons
Air^ ^co'ifg '0' c'oSie'^s

B Wo''ts"ifet jeneiation ana pe'^c^ ance

"lonjiwng - lool'onali
9 A cornpele -ecorO managemenl syslem -

loplicnali
IS Systef-aliC irslruclion in pe'ii-ienl mal'i

verOa' ar-d test lak^ng sknls - optional I

KrwITt unlqum loglcml dmmign provldma

paraoncArMf Intln/cHon lor aach ■(ud«nr

acconflns to In^hUuml nmtd M .

Shelby Lyman
Chess

Shelby's Socrates Chess Tutorial Series
uses the latest Al Techniques to
customize each lesson lor you.
Construction modules cover every
aspect ot the game For all micros Call
or write tor details

Isaac Newton +

F.G. Newton

$49.95

DESCARTES'
DELIGHT

or everything you always wanted to
know about Cartesian Coordinates
and the plotting ot mathematical
expressions which you were afraid
to ask until Dr. Miller's language,
Fungraph. put the power in your
hands.

$79.95

ff\mfT* our I WAHC uwhk

1320 Stony Brook Road
Stony Brook, New York 11790
Telephone (516) 751-5139 -

'JAT sno Coilpgp BnaiO J'r icgisieiedlrddemtrki
Bno ...,vi( ,. ma'k5 oi in* College FnUanCt Examtna-
lion Ros.d Kred bo'i**fe Corp has no altllislion
wii'i [hr C.IEB and ii >olei» lesponjibie lo' Ihei-

cnqiami

^ rademait'i al tuple Comj) Co't Jtndr C.j'p

ConrmL'tlyis i.rjiQ Jigiiji ftaiejrc'i Coip iBM

SURE TBBKE ARE NO BRIGHT
AS THOSE FROM A SUNLIT H
SUCK REFLECTIONS HAY CAU

3 CLS[7)

5 PRINT-NOTE- TO USE THIS PROGRAM MAKE
REFLECTIONS OH THE SCREEN SUCH
INDOH. YOUR PEN IS A LIGHT SENSOR AND
SE INCORRECT RESPONSES. ■
7 FOR T=l TO 25ee:NEXT T
IB K-N-1
20 Q-0

30 DIH X(150) :DIK Y(150)
40 REM- PENPAL

50 REM-THIS PROGRAM ALLOWS YOU TO WHITE ON THE SCREEN.
60 CLS(B)

70 PRINT'TO SET PEN PLACE IT OVER THE SPOT. ADJUST THE NUMBER
5 TO READ ABOUT 1500. WHEN THE PEN IS ADJUSTED THE PROGRAM

WILL AUTOMATICLY CONTINUE."
80 FOR T-1 TO 2000:NEXT T
90 SET(10,2a,2)
100 FOR S-1 TO 50
110 A-JOYSTKC0]
120 M-N-t-A
130 NEXT S
140 PRIHT«192,K

150 IF 500<M AND H<1S00 THEN GOTO 160 ELSE M-0: GOTO 100
160 CLS(0)
170 SET(5,25,2)

180 PRINT'TO WRITE PLACE THE PEN OVER THE POINT PRESS P. WHEN TB
E TONE OCCURS MOVE THE PEN SLOWLY."
190 INPUT P$
200 M-0

210 FOR S-1 TO 10
220 A-JOYSTK(0)
230 M*M-fA
240 NEXT S

250 IP H<30e THEN SOUND 140 ,4 :H-0 :GOTO 270
260 GOTO 200
270 CLS(0)
260 X-SiY-25

290 FOR a-X+2 TO X-1 STEP-1
300 FOR V"Y-2 TO Y-4-2
310 SET(H,V,2)
320 FOR S"l TO 5
338 A-JOYSTK(0]
340 H-H+A
350 NEXT S
360 RESET(H,V)
365 IF H<100 THEN GOTO 380

370 IF N<25B THEN GOTO 420 ELSE M-SrGOTO 380
380 NEXT V
390 HEXT H
400 M-0
410 GOTO 290
420 X(N}-HiY(N}-V
430 H-0

440 SET{H,V,2}
4S0 FOR T-1 TO 5
460 A-JOYSTK(e]
470 M-M+A
480 NEXT T
485 RESET(H,V)
490 IF H<130 THEN
500 IP M>2B0 THEN
520 RESET(B,V)
530 M-0

540 FOR S-1 TO 5
550 A-JOYSTK(B)
560 M-M-t-A
570 NEXT S

580 IF M<250 THEN GOTO 290
590 X«H:y-V
600 H-H+1

610 IF N>4 THEN SET(X(N-4} ,Y(N-4) ,2)
620 IF N<4 THEN GOTO 640

630 IF X-=X(N-4) AND Y-YCN-4) THEN RESET{X,Y)
640 SOUND 140,1
645 C$-INKEY$

647 IF CS-"C" THEN GOTO 1000
6S0 GOTO 290

1000 RCH-WRITES ON COLORED BACKGROUND
1010 FOR C-2 TO 8
1020 FOR S-1 TO N
1030 SET{X(S),Y(S),C-1)
1040 RBSET(X(S),Y(S))
1045 A-C+1

1047 IF A-9 THEN A-1
1050 SET(X(S} ,Y(S) ,A)
1060 NEXT S
1070 NEXT C
1080 GOTO 1000
1100 END

Program Listing 5

H-0 t GOTO 389
M-0: GOTO 380

120 • 80 Micro, May 1983

Scanned by Ira Goldklang - wwwlrs-80 com

ilHiEifflSBIISin

AND SAME-DAY SHIPPING
MAKE US COMPETITIVE.

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Red Baron.
Home of the Nation's Largest Computer Printer Inventory.

NEC 8023
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144 X 160 dotsyinch ■ Proportional Spacing

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IDS Prism 80/132

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200 CPS ■ Bi-directional, togic-seekmg • 24 x 9 dot
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Call forexpert consultation today!

Here's How To Orden

Phone orders are welcome; same-day shipment on
orders placed before 11 00am Free use ot Master-
Card and Visa, COD's accepted. Personal checks
require 2 weeks clearance. Manufacturer's warranty
included on all equipment. Prices subject to revi-
sion. APO/FPO Orders Welcome

Call For Free Catalog:

(800) 854-8275

CA, AK, HI (714) 779-2779

— E==— C^:: ^gHCOMPUTEH PHOOUGTS

^275

4501 E. Elsenhower Circle, Anaheim, CA 92807

fmX^6mpuWPf6iiiic(s, 1982"

%s^

Great Service at Low Warehouse Prices. .

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Looking forward to your call.

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ELECTRIC PENCIL
Version II

Model I and Model III

An eipanfled wetsior of Ihe critically acclaimed
origifMl word processing system' Includes all
features of Vvrson I plus many new extensions

DisH veision
Taoe Version

J69 96

I
I

ELECTRIC WEBSTER

■C,idill.ic'ol Spelling fhtckersSuMicni'"' «2

• 50,000 WORD DICTIONARY

• FAST and ACCURATE - No othe' Spelling
thectier com« tit»p'

• INTEGRATED- Proofs and corrects from wilhin
most popular word processing programs'

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Electric Webster w/correctmg teatuie $129 95

Hyphenalion feature S49 9!!>

Grammatical feature ... $39 95

COMPLETE SYSTEM all Four Programs S199 CX)

NEWSCRIPT 7.0

NEWSCRIPT IS the versatile TRS 80 word pro-
Lcsstng program. It supports "smart" printers
litte the Epson, Okidata, NEC. C Itoh. Spinwriter.
Centronics 739 and more

NEWSCRIPT $109 95

^^\ Practical
^ Periphials

MICROBUFFER

MBP 16K Parallel J149 00

MICROBUFFER IN-LINE For Most Pnnlefs

32K Parallel J28<^ 00

64K Parallel $339 00

32K Senal $289 00

64K Serial $339 00

MK Mernory OparYSiOO Modules . . . $169 00

DISNTJU

MODEL III DISK UPGRADE

Floppy Doctor with

the purchase ol
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• r-jld Pl.tcd Eilfle
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DISKIT III w/0 Drives $24900

;)SKlT HI *.'t>ne Tandor

100- : 40 IracttDriue $449 00

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100-2 40/40 Dual Drtvf , . $859.00,

DCJUU INQUIRES WILCOUE

PRINTERS ^e^ vo^^jes

Epson FX 80 w/Graftran $CALL

Epson w/Graftrax $CALL

Epson MX 100 w/Grattr«» $CALL

GEMINI 10 Py Star Micronics . $399 00

GEMINI 15 by Star Micromcs $54900

IDS Prism 80 $CALL

IDS Prism 132 . $CALL

OhiOata MicrolireSO $CALL

Ofcidata Microhre 82 $469 00

Ot-idata Micfohre 83A $CALL

Ohiaata Microlme 84 $CALL

EPSON PRINTERS

Graftia. plus S6000

MXSORiDtwns $995

MX 100 Ribbons $18 95

Epson Service Manual $30 00

16 K RAM SPECIAL

41 16 200r)s Guaranteed one full year $13 95

NEWDOS/80 _ ,
Version 2.0 ^ "■

Model I and Model III

rtie hotl4?sl Diski Opefaling System \% no* evatl-
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$139 95

THE FLOPPY DOCTOR

By Oave SlamtMu^h

FLOPPY DISK, MEfWiORY DIAGNOSTIC program*
ar? desigrted to thoroughly check out the two
most trouole prone sections of Ihe TRS 80. tile
disk system (controller and drives) and the
memory arrays.

MODEL I $24.96

MODEl III $29.95

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BASE System {GL AR AP) _ _ . $199 00

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Order Entry $125 00

Inventory $129 00

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Also available:

Job Costing with GL and AP $499 00

(PayrolF optional)
Mailing Liiter $99 00

MORE SOFTWARE

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Cash Register/80 $29.95

UNITERM Terminal $79.95

UNITERM/80 Terminal $89 95

ACE MAIL for Hay« Smart Modem ... $69 95

LABELMAKER for MX80 $19 50

AIDS III Data Manafiemenl $70.00

Maxi Manager w/uiilities $12995

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5 W2S/4 Den (MD5'i7 01) $51.50

8" IS/D Den (FD34-8000) $43.95

H«rd-S«ctorKl DitkvtlM

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5 %■■ 2S/D Den 10 sector (MD550- 10) $39.95

5 '*"■ 2S/4 Den 10-sector (MD557 10) $51 dO

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'>-.; File BoK for 50 diskettes $24 95

AVERY TABULABLES

5.000 3v; . 15/16 $1595

FAN FOLD PAPER (Prices F B S P )

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DISK DRIVE CABLES

DfSk Dr.ve Cable !or 1 Drive $18 95

Disk Drive Cable for 2 Dnves $24 95

Disk Drive Cable tor 4 Drives $29.95

All Cables Are 5 Fl Long

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TM50 40 Trk Thinline $249 00

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TM50 SS/DD 40 Trk Tti.r>line $199.00

TM84B 1 SS/DD 8" 77 Trk Tti.nline $369.00

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BOOKS

OTHER MYSTERIES

TRS80 DISK $19 95

MicrosoH Basic Decoded $24 95

The Custom TRS-80 $28 95

Basic Faster 4 Better $29 95

How To Do It On The TRS 80 - $28 95

TRSDOS 2 3 Decoded $28 95

The Custom Apple $28 95

Machine language Disk I/O $29 95

CP/M Primer $15 95

MODEMS

Hayes Micromodem II (APPLE) . . $299 00

Hayes 100 Model (S-100) $325.00

Hayes Smart Modem (RS-232t . - . $239 00
SIGNALMAN DIRECT CONNECT

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SPRINTER

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$95 95

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MODEL I DOUBLE
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EXTERNAL
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:rr' $275

Fully compatible, 120d«y warranty
eOTKor2stdsd $395

eOTK&2siclMl $515

TRS-80 MOD III

46K-2 Drive-DISK lll-TRSDOS & Manuals

$1775

6.3 to 38 MEG

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Now Distributed by Leading
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DISK III

SINGLE DRIVE KIT $599

Disk III Kit Dual Drives $664.00

Disk III Kit No Drives 435.00

TRSDOS & Manual 21.90

DOS PLUS & Manual 149.00

2 Sktod or 80 Track Drives add S100. ea.
2 Sided A 80 Track Drives add $200. ea.

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UnLITY

LOAD 80

MX-80 Driver

by Dan Robinson

While Radio Shack's new Super-
Scripsit is a terrific word processor, it is
difficult to convert Tandy's sample
driver for use on such popular printers
as the MX-80.

SuperScripsit offers two means of
sending codes to the printer. One way
involves customizing the number keys
as control keys. The other method, con-
tained in the printer driver itself, toggles
underscore, double-strike, backslash,
sub- and superscripts on and off. These
last features, except for the backslash,
which uses internal code, can also be
programmed on the user keys.

If you*ve been unable
to use your printer
with SuperScripsit, you
should try this program.

The source code in the Program List-
ing is a SuperScripsit printer driver for
the MX-80 with Graftrax Plus. It begins
with some suggestions for programming
the user keys for emphasized, italic,
compressed, and double-width fonts.

You must adjust the line length when

00100

Program Listing

* *

■*•

001ie

0012B

SUPERSCRIPSIT PRINTER DRIVER FOR

Bai30

THE NX~80 WITH GRAFTRAX PLUS

00140
00150

J "

*• •

00160

00170

PROGRAM USER PRINT KEYS WITH UNIT VALUE

OF B0B

001S0

00190

> 015 COMPRESSED FONT ON

00200

. 01B OFF

00210

- 027,087,001 DOUBLE-WIDTH ON

00220

- 027,087.BBB OFF

00230

- 027,069 EMPHASIZED FONT OK

00240

- 027,070 OFF

BB250

- 027,052 ITALIC POMT ON

00260

- 827,053 OFF

0B27B
00280

; * *

** •

BB290

BB30B

SUPERSCRIPSIT PRINT CODES FOR HX-80:

00310

00320

■-

■ OR ■-" UNDERSCORE ON/OFF

00330

■■t

■ DOUBLE-STRIKE OB/OPP

B0340

■ SLASH ZERO ON/OFF

BB35B

SUBSCRIPT ON/ SUPERSCRIPT

OFF

BB36B

■*" SUPERSCRIPT ON/SUBSCRIPT

OFF

BB370
BB38B

t * ^

••

• ••

00390

BAD3

B04BB

ORG 0BAD3H

BAD3 3C

00410

INCSIZ

DEFB 3CH |l UNITS/INCH

BAD 4 a A

00420

PITCB0

DEFB 0AI( rPITCH VALUE

BADS

00430

MIDTBL

EQU $ (CHARACTER WIDTH TABLE

BADS

00440

WIDSPC

EQU S iSFACE WIDTH

BB3S

• 1450

Q9a BBBSSH

L isling

xinitni^e^

you change type widths. Remember
that the presentation of the format on
the bottom of the screen will then be in-
accurate since the driver's type width is
set at 10 characters per inch.

The driver will use SuperScripsit 's
- or = with the clear key to toggle un-
derscore on or off, and a + will toggle
double-strike. A . will turn subscript on
and superscript off, while a * will initi-
ate superscript or turn subscript off.
Since I haven't needed the backslash to
overstrike text, I have converted the /
into a toggle to turn slashed-zero on
and off.

SuperScripsit uses a half hne feed for
subscripting, and 1 '/: for line spacing at
1 Vi . So, if you specify 1 Vi line spacing,
expect to see your print shrink to a tiny
size after the first line. If you akeady
have some files with unusual line spac-
ing, put a RET instruction in the re-
marks where indicated, and program
user keys for sub- and superscripts.

Remember that the MX-80 command
that turns off sub- and superscripts will
also take you out of the double-strike
mode, so be prepared to reinstate it if it
was used.

The Program Listing is in Model I for-
mat with Model III differences contained
in the remarks. Other printer configura-
tions may require some minor changes.
The program has been compressed
enough from the DW2 driver that you
should be able to understand it. ■

Dan Robinson can be reached at 1625
Higgins Way, Pacifica, CA 94044.

80 Micro. May 1933 • 125

PROFILE III PLUS

WHAT

HECK!

IS THIS MANUAL
TRYING TO SAY?

Now Available:

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commands to use. Host

of examples and tips on

data layout to fully

understand and utilize

^223

PLUS

ExpLlned

program.

Send $12 cash, check, money order to:

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MODEL II SCREEN

ADDRESSABILITY

NOW AVAILABLE

Full editing of data input at the
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Move cursor from one field to
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' hicludinp Break
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1 he Proper 1 oik It
I'O. Hu\ K^"60, #202

i idii'stdii, rc\,is ~~2 ly

126 • 80 Micro, May 1983

l.aiing conimued

BB35

BB4GI

DEFB

01H ]

88 SUPRESES LINEFEED AFTER CR

BB36

Ba47B

DEFB

BIH ,

NULLS AFTER CR

BB37

C376BB

BB4Bfl

PRINIT J

JUKP TABLE

BB3A

C389BB

BI49B

SETPCH

BB3D

C3aAfiB

ee5BB

PRTCHR

BB4e

C397BB

eesiB

PRTSPC

BB43

C3BAB8

ies20

BACKSP

BB46

C3CBBB

BB53B

TOGFEA

BB49

C321BC

BB54B

EXFEA

BB4C

C33CBC

BiSSB

HAFFOR

; INSERT RET AT THESE

BB4P

C377BC

BB56i

HAFREV

; LOCATIONS TO SUPPRESS

BBS 2

C395BC

BB57B

BDXTST

BB55

C3A2BC

BB58I
BB59B

)

SETTBL

BB73

ai6Ba

ORG

BBB73H

BB7 3

BCBC

fl«61i

DEFH

LAST )

NEXT AVAILABLE ADDRESS

BS7&

«A

aa62a

HODSTO

DEFB

BAH I

CURRENT PITCH

BB7G

CD95BC

00630

PRINIT

CALL

RDYTST I

CHECK ir PRIHTER READY

BB79

08648

XOR

BB7A

32F7BB

01650

(EXl) ,A ;

ZERO EXTRA FEATURE FLAGS

BB7D

32iIBC

BAG 68

(EX2) ,A

BBSB

322aBC

aaG70

(EX3) ,A

BBS 3

3276BC

B«6BB

(SUPR) ,A

BBSG

C3B3BC

00690

PRINT J

INITIALIZE PRINTER

BBB9

BB7BB

SETPCH

RET

NOT NEEDED FOR MX-BB

BB8A

CDBBBA

80711

PRTCHB

CALL

PRSTOP ;

CHECK FOR <BREAK> KEV

BB8D

88728

RET

BBSE

CD95BC

BB73B

PCI

CALL

RDYTST I

CHECK IF PRINTER READY

BB91

2BFB

88748

BB75B
88768

NZ.PCl J

AND LOOP UNTIL IT IS

) MODEL III USE

BB93

32EB37

88770
08780
BB79B
BBBBB

{ PRPORT) ,

A ; OUT (PftPORT) ,A
) INSTEAD

BB96

RET

BB97

B8B1B

PRT8PC

PUSH

BC ,

OUTPUT EXTRA SPACES FOR

BB9e

00620

PUSH

HL 1

MONO-SPACED JUSTIFICATION

BB99

88830

PUSH

BB9A

BB840

H,B

BB9B

00858

L,C

BB9C

3AD5BA

00868

A,(WIDSPC) 1

BB9P

0B870

C,A

BBAS

BGBB

00880

B,0OH

BBA2

B069B

LOOPB

A,H

BBA3

08988

BBA4

2aBP

88918

Z.SPDOHE

BBA6

ED42

B092B

SBC

RL,BC

BBAB

3BB4

BI938

NC,JUHP8

BBAA

B094B

ADD

HL,BC

BBAB

0S95B

D,L

BBAC

2EBB

BB9GB

L,8aH

BBAC

3E2B

08978

JUKPB

A,28H

BBBI

CDS ABB

0098B

CALL

PRTCBR

BBB3

3IED

80998

NC , LO0P8

BBB5

01880

5PD0HE

POP

BBB6

01810

POP

BBB7

01828

POP

BBSS

01838

XOII

BBB9

01848

RET

BBBA

3EBB

81858

BACXSP

A,88H I

BACKSPACE ROUTINE CALLED FROM

BBBC

CD8ABB

B10GB

CALL

PRTCHR t

SUPERSCRIPSIT

BBBF

01870

RET

BBCfl

010S0

TOCFEA

ECU

S 1

TOGGLE FEATURE ON/OFF

BBCB

FE2D

B109B

2DH I

UNDERSCORE WITH "-■

BBC 2

2e0E

81108

Z, EXTRAl

BBC4

FE3D

01118

3DH I

UNDERSCORE WITH "-"

BBC6

2BBA

81128

Z, EXTRAl

BBCB

FE2F

81138

2PH t

SLASHED- ZERO

BBCA

2B2C

01140

Z,EXTRA2

BBCC

FE2B

BllSB

2BH I

DOUBLE-STRIKE

BBCE

2B32

81168

Z , EXTRA3

BBD0

81170

XOR

BBDl

ellBB

RET

BBD2

3E1B

81190

EXTRAl

A,1BH ]

UNDERSCORE

BSD 4

CDBABB

81200

CALL

PRTCHR

BBD7

01210

RET

BBD8

3E2D

81220

A,2DH

BBDA

CDBABB

01338

CALL

PRTCHR

BBDD

B124B

RET

BBDE

3AF7BB

B1258

A,{EX11 I

SET ON/OFF FLAG

BBEI

81268

CPL

BBE2

32F7BB

B127B

(EXl] ,A

BBE5

FEBB

B128B

00H

BBE7

2887

B129B

Z.EXTl

BBE9

3E31

B13BB

A,3lH

BBEB

CDSABB

B131B

CALL

PRTCHR

BBEE

01328

XOR

BBEP

B133B

RET

BBPg

3Eai

81340

EXTl

A.BBH

BBF2

CDBABB

81358

CALL

PRTCHR

BBFS

81368

XOR

BBF6

81378

RET

BBF7

81388

EXl

DEFB

OOH ]

FLAG

BBFB

3AB1BC

81398

EXTRA2

A,(EX2) :

SLASH ED- ZERO

BBFB

81488

CPL

BBFC

32fllBC

B141B

(EX2] ,A

BBFF

81428

XOR

BCII

81438

RET

BCIl

81448

EX2

DEFB

BOH ;

FLAG

BCS2

3E1B

B145B

EXTRA3

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3E48

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END

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Vftwt li Maxl CRAS7

Max! CRAS (for Check Register Accounting
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balancing your account, end reconciling It with bank
statements. And that's only the beginning!

Who can use It?

Max] CRAS is powerful enough for small
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personal use. Best of all, It won't make you change the
way you do business. Write checks by hand and enter
tf>em Into the computer later, or let MaxI CRAS do all
the work, and print checks automatically.

Bill what makea H differant from aN ttw rest?

We're glad you asked! Disk-based MaxI CRAS
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deposits each month. And to keep track of all those
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separate income and expense accounts, and your
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accounts.

Why Is this so Important? For some transactkins
It's not. Suppose you write a check for $250.00 to Jolly
John's Jak}py Jumpers for repairs to your automobile.
You would simply assign the check to the AUTO
REPAIRS account. But suppose you had Jolly John fill
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were there. With Max! CRAS you can simply add the
$50.00 worth of gas and the $2.00 worth of milk to the
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write a check for $302.00. Many systems would force
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$50.00 to your GAS & OIL account, and $2.00 to your
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you'll still know exactly what that $;iK}2.00 went for.
That's powerl

rm Intereeted. Tell me moral

Organizing the data is Just half the picture. Maxi
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You'll Ever Needl
Strong statement? Check out these featureal

• Write checks by hand, or print automatically
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• Data Entry routine second to none — saves time
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■ The best selection of printed reports available —
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• For even more detailed analysis, Maxi CRAS data
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• Checkbook balance Is constantly updated and In-
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• A notes option can be used to flag tax -deductible

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• Handles up to 223 Income AND expense ac-
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" Assign transactions to a single account, or
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Cash transactions can be recorded In any ac-
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• Check Address data base stores up to 40 ad-
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80 Micro, May 1983 > 131

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REVIEW

The Model 12

by Jim Hawkes

andy refines the Model II and introduces a
strong contender with the Model 12. This ex-
pandable machine is competition for the Model 16.

• *••

The Model 12
Tandy/Radio Shack
One Tandy Center
Fort Worth, TX 76102
$3199.75, one drive
$3999.95, two drives

Since 12 is between 2 and 16, it seems
reasonable to conclude that Tandy's
new TRS-80 Model 12 is more powerful

than the venerable Model U, but not
quite as powerful as the Model 16.
Moreover, since 12 is closer to 16 than it
is to 2, the Model 12 must resemble the
Model 16 more than the Model 11.
Though somewhat facetious, this anal-
ysis is accurate in many respects.

The Model 12 is a redesigned Model
II. It has greater disk capacity, a larger
expansion bus, a new keyboard, a dif-
ferent color case, and a new video
screen.

Many of these improvements are in-

corporated from the Model 16. Hence,
the Model 1 2 is not a major innovation,
but an evolutionary product designed,
like its predecessors the Model 11 and
16, principally as a business computer.
Since many of (he undesirable features
of its predecessors have been elimi-
nated, it will supplant the Model II in
the Radio Shack product line.

Menior>

One of the more interesting features
of the Model 12is the amount of memo-
ry provided, 80K. This memory is pro-
portioned into 64K of RAM and 16K
for use by the double-sided disk oper-
ating system. Although the extra
memory holds pari of the operating
system, no additional memory is
available for Basic programs. A 64K
board can also be purchased and used
with VisiCalc and some non-Radio
Shack operating systems.

The Z80A CPU

The CPU is the aged Z80A, which
has been used in both the Model II and
16. By using the same CPU as the
Model II, the Model 12 immediately has
access to a large volume of ready-to-run
software and maintains compatibility
with the Mod 16 upgrade.

The Z80 family of microprocessors
has been around for quite a few years
and the Z80A represents only the sec-
ond generation. The third generation,
the Z80B, operates at six megahertz
while the fourth generation, the Z80H,
operates at 10 megahertz.

Eventually, Radio Shack has to pro-
vide systems with greater performance;
if they plan to maintain software com-
patibility with the Z80 family, they need
yet another generation.

Zilog has recently announced a new

80 Micro. May 1983 ■ 133

CPU, the Z800. thai is compatible with
the Z80 family but has awesome com-
putational capabilities. This CPU ex-
ecutes all Z80 instructions as well as
hardware multiply and divide. Funher-
more, the microprocessor addresses one-
half megabyte of memory.

But the most intriguing aspect of the
device is its clock speed — reportedly, as
high as 25 megahertz — more than six
times the speed of the Z80A.

The Disfriay

Like the CPU, the display is similar
to previous machines, especially the
Model 16. The 12-inch screen produces
an 80-character by 24-Iine display. It is
capable of high-resolution graphics
when the hi-res graphics board is in-
stalled. Unlike the Model II, the screen
is green phosphorus to prevent eye
strain and increase character legibility.

The Keyboard

In designing the keyboard, Radio
Shack engineers improved on what was
already a good idea. The new board is
one of the best design features of the
new machine. The keys have more con-
tour — that is, they fit your fingertips a
little better. In addition, the keyboard

features eight special function keys
around the numeric pad instead of the
two available on the Models II and 16.
Another new feature of the Model 1 2 is
an audible keystroke response. The du-
ration of the tone is variable, but the
pitch is not. This note not only provides
a typing rhythm but, more important,
reinforces the action of striking the key.
I've missed this reinforcement in the
previous Radio Shack computers.

The Model 12's keyboard is detach-
able and connects to the front of the
console in a slightly different manner
than in the Model 11/16 series. The
cable is permanently attached to the
keyboard, rather than the console.

The only point I don't like about the
new keyboard is one small but not insig-
nificant change, the enter key. By exam-
ining Photo 1 carefully you will notice
that in the middle of what used to be the
enter bar there is a sculpted key of the
same height and shape as the rest of the
keys. Unhappily, your little finger must
strike the sculpted portion of the enter
bar to easily depress the key. This is not
difficuh when the index finger on your
right hand is in the normal (j) position,
but it is cumbersome from other positions.

Siie and Dimension

Steven Jobs, co-founder of Apple
Computer, is reputed to have said,
"Never trust a computer you cannot
pick up— and throw out the window."
By these standards the 12 possesses at
least one of the necessary conditions of
a trustworthy microcomputer. It has
about the same physical characteristics
as the Models 11 and 16.

In most respects the Model 12 looks
like the Model 16. It is the same color,
slightly off white, and has the same type
of video display. One noticeable dif-
ference is the on/off switch. I found the
Model II switch too long and the Model
16 switch too short. The Model 12
switch is just right. In fact, the Model 12
on/off switch is not on the front panel
of the display console. Rather, it has a
big red button that glows to let you
know the machine is on.

System Noise

One thing is for sure. Unless you are
deaf or in the middle of an active war
zone, you don't need the red light to tell
you the system is on.

Tandy has certainly improved most
of the machine's undesirable hardware
features, but excessive noise still holds
many owners in acoustical purgatory. I

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TRS-80 AiicRoMERLIN-

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,^546

MICfoMERUN is a regiiteied trodemoik 0( Micro Prolects Engineering inc. CP/M and CP'M B6 ore registered Irodemorks ot Digital Heserarch Inc. IBM PC is a
reglitered trademark ot IBM MS-DOS Is o tegiitered trodemark o( Mlcrosofl Irtc TRS-BO and TRaXSS are registered trademarks o( t^e Tondy Corporation

134 • 80 Micro, May 1983

have heard more than one operator dis-
cuss the debilitating effects of system
noise — especially after eight or nine
hours of steady operation. And, I can
testify that on occasion I have been re-
luctant to use the Model II, or 16 be-
cause of the omnipresent noise.

Certainly the system's electronic
components require cooling, but isn't
there a quieter fan or a better design
that would eliminate the noisy inter-
nal fan?

Disk Storage

The Model 12 has the same disk
drives as the Model 16, namely thin-
line double-sided, double-density
(DS/DD). These drives provide not
only twice the capacity per drive of the
old Model II drives, but take up one-
half the space. Consequently, a two-
drive system, the minimum configura-
tion for most business needs, is con-
tained completely within the display
console, eliminating the need for an ex-
pansion bay unless you need more than
two drives (almost 2.5 million bytes of
storage).

As in the Model 16, the drives turn
off after 20 seconds without a disk
I/O. This helps reduce system noise

and drive wear and tear.

Double-sided disk drives are more
finicky than the single-sided variety —
especially about being moved. That is
why I recommend saving the shipping
cardboard that was initially present in
your drives. Reinsert these strips when
you move the system to assure the disk
heads don't collide.

In addition to floppy disks Radio
Shack recently announced a 12-mega-
byle version of their hard disk. Up to
four of these disks used with the 12
provide a hard-disk capacity of almost
50 megabytes. However, can you im-
agine backing up 50 megabytes onto
floppy disks — the only way to back up
your data? Radio Shack should quick-
ly address this problem.

Expansion

Since the introduction of the Model
II, Radio Shack introduced a host of
peripheral boards, including addi-
tional memory, disk controllers, com-
munication upgrades, monochrome
high-resolution graphics, and 16-32 bit
processors. They have also claimed
that they will soon release Arcnet — a
communication network based on an
integrated circuit developed by Data-

point. In addition to these peripherals,
other manufacturers have developed
disk emulators, hi-res graphics up-
grades, and serial I/O boards for the
Model II family.

Unfortunately, the Models II and 16
cannot fully utilize available peripher-
als. For example, a standard Model 16
has only two slots on its bus for addi-
tional expansion. However, for a mere
$200 and a $30 fee. Radio Shack can in-
stall an expansion box (bus) within the
Model 12 enclosure. This bus, located
in the rear of the computer, provides six
additional card slots. By removing the
rear panel, you can install additional
cards yourself without paying any in-
stallation fees.

The expansion bus accepts all of the
peripheral cards distributed by Radio
Shack, including the Model 16 upgrade.
One of the implications of the expan-
sion bus is that in the Model 16 mode,
the Model 12 supports 768K, 50 percent
more memory than the Model 16 and
three times more than the Model II.
You can also configure a Model 12 as a
Model 16 and have four empty slots
available for extra peripherals (as I
recall a Mod 16 only has two) at the
identical price of a 16. Why then would

AT LAST!!! A Micro-Design
jy[odel il l System U pgrade.

JUt MicRO-DisiqN Modtl III upQRAdE IncIlcJes MiCRO-DEsiq^s EXCEpvioNAl MDX-6 disk
ControIIer boARd^ one 40 THAck doublL dt^siiy Disk DrIve, necessary iNSTAlUrioN CAblES ANd

hA RdwAHE. (

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^Se« List ol Af/vortisers on Page 371

80 Micro, May 1983 • 135

anyone want to buy the Model 16?

Software

All of the software available for
the Model II is compatible with the
Model 12. In addition, Radio Shack re-
cently announced two software pack-
ages, CPM + and TRS-XENIX, thai
further expand the models' application
software.

CP/M + is the latest lineal release of
Digital Research's CP/M (Control
Program/Microcomputer) operating
system, the de facto standard of micro-
computer operating systems. Few soft-
ware standards exist in the microcom-
puter marketplace, yet CP/M has
emerged as the common denominator,
having been installed on more than 600
different systems. Because of its preva-
lence, it seems likely that any new signi-
ficant software packages must — out of
economic imperative — be adopted for
CP/M . Furthermore, new software
products may use bank select memory,
oneof the many advantages of CP/M + .

TRS-XENIX is the long awaited
multi-user, multi-tasking opwrating sys-
tem for the Model 16. The new oper-
ating system was develOF)ed by Micro-
soft under license from Bell Labs and is

an enhanced version of the much her-
alded UNIX. The initial release requires
a hard disk and at least 256K of
memory. However, single-user systems
have been promised.

All Model 16 owners receive the core
system, which lets them execute applica-
tions software; it contains no develop-
ment tools. However, you can buy a
development system including the full
set of UNIX utilities and the C pro-
gramming language for $700.

Model II Epitaph

". . .the Model 12 does replace the
Model II." The previous quote, which
appeared in a recent Radio Shack news-
letter, is the only formal announcement
I've seen acknowledging the Model li's
demi.se.

This is not a fitting epitaph for a
machine that fathered the Model 12 and
16, and was for some time the pride and
joy of the Radio Shack product line.
But evolution must take its course.

After examining the pricing structure
of the 12, anyone who has studied
"micro" biology could have predicted
the extinction of the Model II. Since a
two-drive Model II costs the same as a
two-drive Model 12, why would anyone

buy a Model 11?

This pricing policy raises another in-
teresting question. Does Tandy plan to
eliminate or drastically change the
Model 1 6? Since a Model 12can be con-
figured as a Model 16 at the same price,
why would anyone want a Model 16,
especially as the Model 12 is a more ex-
pandable machine?

Fortunately for Model II and 16
owners, the 12 is a very close relative.
Spare parts and new software should
benefit owners of both machines for
some time.

Conclusion

The Model 12 affirms the old adage
that anyone can learn from their mis-
takes, even large organizations. Radio
Shack has finally engineered just about
every serious flaw out of their Model
11/16 design.

With the micro marketing wars heat-
ing up, no company, even one with
enormous infiuence, can afford to
become slagnant. So, congratulations.
Radio Shack, on a good computer. It
may be just in time. ■

Jim Hawkes can be reached at The
College of Charleston, Charleston, SC
29401.

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136 • SOhAicro. May 1983

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MICUU DLSIGN'S FtU Line ol LxpANSioN sysitm fon iht IRS AO'ofUii iop9UAliry

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TECHNIQUE

(SMS)

LOAD 80

Apply matrix logic to business applications.

MiniCalc

John Corbani
2455 Calle Linares
Santa Barbara. CA 93109

VisiCalc and the many other spread-
sheet programs have turned the mi-
crocomputer into a professional tool. It is
surprising that it took so long for someone
to recognize the possibility of applying
matrix logic to business applications. Now
that everybody is offering newer and better
programs at higher and higher prices, I
thought it would be interesting to see what
could be done in Basic on the TRS-80, The
following program turned out (o be quite
powerful and a time saver when figuring
expense accounts and small department
budgets. The editing technique might

= Tempoiaiy vaiiaDie'column count

= Row counl

= Temporary row variable

- Substring length

= Temporary variatile

= Temporary variable

= Column count

= Character count

= Column limit

= Character nurnber

CTtN)

= Column total array

= Input variable

= Last arrow variable

= Line number

- LeniTSi

- Maiimum cnaracler counl

= Maximum honirontal rows

- Maximum vertical columns

= Maximum X counl

= Rowicolumn number

= Row limit

= Row total

= Column scroll tlag

= Cursor position

3 Flag/value ol MID$

= Horizontal position of cursor

- Vertical position ol cursor

Table 1. Numeric variables

Spark some interest among advancing pro-
grammers.

I sized the program to a 16K tape
system. Many improvements are possible
if you have a large disk system. This user-
friendly, electronic spread-sheet program
features independently user-selectable
rows and columns. It allows 2-14 columns
of data and one column of totals and 2-25
rows of data and one row of totals. The
data can be string or numeric. The field
size is 14 characters. All are usable for
strings, A maximum of eight characters
are allowed tor numeric data, which can
have positive or negative values. Decimal
places are allowed. The program performs
addition only: it totals rows and columns
and ignores string fields. Precision is to
eight digits with two decimal places.

When you choose the create-sheet op-
tion, you can enter a title up to 240
characters long, the number of columns
(2-14), and the number of data rows (2-25).
The rerun-sheet option allows you to enter
or change data fields. The print-sheet op-
tion prints the title and the sheet in groups
o( five columns across an 8Vi-inch sheet.
The save-sheet option saves the data and
totals on cassette and the load-sheet op-
tion loads data and totals from cassette.

The program handles all data as an ar-
ray of strings. There is one string for each
of the rows plus one tor the total. Each row
string is divided into 15-character seg-
ments with a maximum of 15 segments or
225 characters per string. This is comfort-
ably below the 240-character limit of the
PRINT#-n function. The field size is com-
patible with the 64-character screen width
and the 80-character printer width. There is
enough room for the row number and four
columns on the screen and the row
number and five columns on the printer.
One character in each field is used as a
field separator so there are 14 usable
characters of data.

Letters printed above each column
identify the columns on the screen and
printer. Rows are identified by number; the

number agrees with the array element (see
Fig. 1),

A screen-oriented editor makes interac-
tion with the program as natural as possi-
ble. The spread-sheet'data fields are dis-
played on alternate lines of the screen
starting with the second line. This allows
the display of seven rows and four col-
umns of the string array. A 14-character
field cursor centered on a data field can
occupy one of four positions on the free
line below each data line. The four arrow
keys control this cursor. The arrow keys
repeat and move the cursor from side to
side and up and down the screen to under-
line selected fields in the data base. When
the cursor reaches the edge of the screen,
the program checks to see if the cursor is
at the edge of the spread sheet. If it is not.
the display scrolls left, right, up or down as
required to give the effect of the cursor
moving across the surface of a large sheet
of paper.

Once the cursor is positioned under the
field of interest, editing consists of simply
typing in the desired data. Pressing an
alphanumeric key erases the field cursor
and prints the typed character at the left
edge of the prior cursor position. The pro-
gram now appears to be in a normal
TRS-80 character entry mode with an un-
derline prompting for new characters. If
the first character typed is a minus sign or
one of the numerals (0-9). the program
limits data input to eight digits. Any other
first character identifies the field as a
string field and allows 14 characters. A
mark identifies the end of the field and the

The Key Box

Models I and III

16K RAM

Cassette and Disk Basic

Printer

140 • 80 Micro. May 1983

Scanned by Ira Goldklang - www.trs-80.com

backspace key (left arrow) allows correct-
ing mistakes. The backspace repeats and
automatically stops at ttie beginning of
the field.

Pressing enter formats the operator's
entry and inserts it into the appropriate
string array element. String data is
centered in each field Numeric data is
right-justified at the eighth character posi-
tion of the field. The new data is printed on
the screen in place of the old field data, the
raw input is erased and the field cursor
reappears. Data is usually entered into
this kind of a program by row or by column.
The cursor automatically steps to the next
column by going the same direction as it
went the last time it was moved.

Scrolling and Character Entry

The scrolling of the display and the char-
acter entry part of the program are the
most complex. A number of key pointers
are maintained for the display. AA defines
the row that will be displayed as the first
line on the screen. RL defines the last row
to be displayed. RL is either the maximum
row count -t- 1 or AA -t- 5. A is the starting
character of each row to be displayed. A6
IS the number of characters to be dis-
played starting at A. A6 is either 60 or (the
number of columns -i- 1)* t5. Line 170
clears the screen, prints the column letters
and the first six lines of data with a space
between each line. The seventh line is
printed separately without the extra line
that would cause the display to scroll up.

Line 180 gives a new user some security.
It IS written over during editing but always
comes back. The editing cursor position is
specified by the variable SP which is the
total ot the X character count and the Y
line count times 64 The old cursor is
erased in line 190, a new SP is calculated
and a new cursor is drawn using the

PRINT r« function The arrow key buffer is
cleared as the final part of a screen up-
date. This clearing allows the arrows to
repeat.

The program then goes into a keyboard
polling mode. The biggest drawback to us-
ing the string functions in Basic is the un-
controllable garbage collection routine that
IS triggered when the program runs out ot
string space. Keyboard polling routines can
fill the string area very quickly so the IN-
KEY$ character is converted to the numeric
variable I for all preliminary tests. Numeric
comparisons are faster, too. If I is a print-
able character, the program jumps to line
310. If I equals 25 it indicates that a
shift, right arrow has been pressed and the
program does its calculations at line 400.
If I equals 31 the clear key has t>een
pressed and indicates that editing is com-
plete. If the input character is not one of the
above and not one ot the arrow keys, the
program ignores the character and looks
for another one.

Lines 210-250 update the various point-
ers. Lines 270-280 calculate the limits of
the displayable data. If any data pointer is
changed, S is set to 1 indicating that the
whole screen must be replotted. If the cur-

AS.N'

- Data -OA ^''Si

-- BacK orn> cfiaracie' space

= Inpul cliafdcier lempwai^ vanatxe

INS

= Inpul sliiriQ

= Let! slfing

NSlNl

= Row nuniDef array

- Promot criaracler plus backspace

- H<gm sirmq

SPJ

- Field curso'

- Teniporar> suing

TYS

- Title st'iiQ

Table 2 String variables

riELD TRIF MOV ]-

11 JOHN

CORBANl

ACCOUNT/DAY

TUE 11/3

HCD 11/4

TMU 11/5

FRI 11/6

CITY

S.B./N, YORK

KINGSTON

BURLINGTON

DENVER

AIR/TRAIN/BUS

4*5.71

55. BJ

6B.24

371,35

AUTO

17.42

3 4.9i

•>

TAXI /LI no

7.Sf

[/EDGING

55. »7

39.61

46,93

BBEAKfAST

LSI

6.23

3.B9

\.:ticv

4.51

le.is

DIMNEP

14.Bf

SEE BEIXJH

SEE BELOH

17,27

CLEANING, RISC

14.65

ENTEHTAINMENT
CLIENT

CREEK

J ONES/ FRY

CHARGES

34.91

57.84

CLIENT

JONES/LOBO

CHAHCES

IB. 32

582. ■«

163.9)

21B.23

416.^4

SAT 11/7

SL-S 11, g

MOS 11/9

T-.-r.s 11/11

DENVEk

OESVER

DENVER/ RHEON I*

PHECNIX/S.B.

65. li

12fl.9«

116B.I2

72.21

22.15

156.68

4.75

7. 58

19.75

172,45

314.9^

4,76

i.74

2.45

7.2i

33.77

B.l;

14. SB

37.53

12. 4S

SEE BELOH

11.11

54.14

22.32

1«.97

11
IZ

GRANGER

26.86

11».«1

I«

la.ii

2^.36

5».9I

1(1.49

\bl.l^

1961.34

figure 1

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80 Micro, May 1983 • 141

•JOHH CORBXKl"!

PRIHT

aszTi

!• • HIMI CALC

11/29/I1 TME 111 1S« -C"

JOHN COMBANI

I4&S CALLE blNAJtES

SAMTA BABBARA. CA 93119

21 CLBAit a4>ti OEPIHT A,Bi SP$-5TRINGS(14,1311 i SP-I28i

DIN CTtlO, A$(26|, Ht1261i Ai-Cli

P$-Cait«[»5)'»C»t}(34li Bt-<;HR$(24)
31 CLS>

PiUIfT • 149, '111111 CALC VS 1.1

PRIHTi PRIKT TABCO *BY*: PRINT TABI211

PRIin TA8<21) '2455 CALLE LINASES*:

PBIHT TAB(211 'SAMTA BARBARA, CA 931t9'
41 FOR A-1 TO 9i HS(A)-STRS[A)*' '. IIEXT.

FOR A-ll TO ZSi NS[A)-HIDS(5TRS(A) .2.3)«*

GOTO <•
5t CLS: PRIMT f 347, 'KIKI CALC*
6* PRINT TAB{2S) 'COHIIAIID MENU* I PRIVTl

PRIMT TABIIT) 'P - PRIIfT L - LOAO'i

PRINT TAS(17| "R - RERUN S - SAVE':

PRINT TAB[21) "C - CREATE NEW FORK'
7f If-lNREYSi IF I*-'P' OR IS-'p' THEK GOSOD 47IELSE

IP I$-*L" OB I(-'l' THEK GOSUB J49l GOTO 5BELSE

IF (I(-'R' OR IS-'r") AND Y>i THEN n#ELSE

IF I(»*S' OR IS-"»' THEN GOSUB 641: GOTO 5BELSE

IP 1S""C" OR l(-*c" THEN IF Y>» THEN SiELSE 100
81 GOTO 71

9* CLSt GOSOB <ll: GOSUB £21: IP V»l THEK 5*
!■■ CLfii PRIW I 342. 'PAGE TITLE U LIME)': PRINT: PRIW TTS.

INPUT TTSi PRIMT • 448, CBR$(31) TtSi
III PRINT « STfi, 'NUIIBER OP COLDHHS ACROSS (2 - 14)' NV
CBRSOHl! INPUT mV: IF {ltVl41 THEK
PRINT 'TRY ACAIN'l GOTO IHELSE CL-IIV»15+1
121 PRim 8 e4a. 'number of lines down (2 - 251* NH

CHR$(38)ri INPUT MHi IF (MH<2 OR NH>25) THEN PRINT
'TRY ACAIH'i GOTO 12IELSE RL-NUi IF RLX THEN RL-fi
I3« PRIMT 8 TS8, CRRSdl) TABt28) 'IS THIS CORRECT ? (Y/H]')!

GOSUB t2l: IF V-8 THEN 188
148 CLSi TS-"i

FOR B-1 TO NV: TS-TS*CHRS( KB) *STRING$(14 ,32) i NEXT:

TS-TS*CHRS (1«B)+STRIHCS[ 225- (NV) •15,191) i

FOR A-1 TO NHi AS(A)-TSi NEXT: AS("H+1) -STRINCSi 2*8,191)
158 A*ili AA-li Z-4i Y-12ei NX-NV*15-11: IF NX>34 TBBR KX-34
l«i ■

RUN PROGRAM

178 CLSi FOR R-8 TO 3: PRINT TAB(R*1S+11) CHRKA/IS+X^CS) I ■

NEXT: PRINT: FOR A5-AA TO RLl

PRIMT NS(A5) NIDS(A$|A5) ,A,AC) I PRINTi NEXTi

PRINT H$(A5) KIDS(AS(A5) ,A,Ae) t
188 PRIMT t 969.

•(SHIFT RIGHT) TOTAL (ARRtWS) HOVE CURSOR (CLEAR) HENU'l

198 PRINT t SF,CH[($(3i] (I SP-X+Yi PRINT 8 SP.SPSn POKE 16444.8
2BB IS-INKEYSl IF IS-"" THEN 2BBELSE I-ASC(IS)l

IF I>31 AND K91 THEN GOSUB 31BBLSE

IF I-2S THEN 48BELSE

IP 1*31 THEN 5BEL5E

IF 1-13 THEN I-LI ELSE

IF I>18 AND I091 THEN 288

IF 1-91 THEN IF y>128 TBBH Y-Y-128 ELSE

IF AA>1 THEN AA-AA-li S-1

IF 1-18 AMD Y<NH*128 THEN IF Y<89« THEN ¥-T«12et ELSE

IF AA<HB-5 THEN AA-AA*1: S-1

IF AA-RK-S AMD Y>768 THEN Y-768

IF I-S THEN IF XMti THEN X-X-15 ELSE

IF A>1 THEN A-A-15: S-1

IF 1-9 THEN IF X<35 THEN X*X*15 ELSE

IF A<CL-4G THEN A-A*15i S-1

IF A>CL-46 AND X>HX THEN X-MX

RL-AA+5: IF RL>nil THEN RL-HU

At-CL*A*15t IF A«>68 THEN A6-68

LI-I: IF S-1 THEN

S-i: GOTO 17iELSE GOTO 198

218

228

238
248

258

268

278
2B8
298

388

318

INPUT DATA

PRIMT 8 SP, CHRB(38)i: CC*8: IN$-**i
IP IS-'-* OR (IS>*/* AMD IS<*i') THEM HC-B ELSE IIC-14
328 GOSUB 358: I$-INft IP nC-14 THEN B-INT( (RC-CO/Z) i
IMS-STRlNGSIB,J2l »1 S*STRINCS |MC-CC-B,32) ELSE
IF LEFTS(INS,11-*-* THEN CC-CC-1: I $-RI<»T$l IHS,CC) :
IMS-*-'*STRIMCS(MC-CC-1.32)*IS*" *i ELSE

t(-IHSi IN)-STRIMGS{NC-CC,32)*IS** '»^I>a>8aa>o«cl8Ba

111
338

348

358

368
378

388
391

I-LIl IF CC-B THEN RETURN ELSE PRINT f SP-64, INSi I

LN-AA-1*Y/128! CH-A*X-4: LS-LEFTS( AS(LN) ,CM) I

RS-INS*flIDS(AS[LN) ,CN-H5,24B) 1 AS(LN) -LS+RS ! RETURN

l«-IHItEYSi IF IS-" THEN 34B

IF IS-CHRS(13) THEN RETURN ELSE

IF IS-CHR$<e) THEN 378ELSE

IF (CC-NC OR l%<' *)THEN 34BeL5E CC-CC*1 i

IF CC<NC THEN PRINT IJ PSi ELSE PRINT IS CHRS(lB4)*BSl

INS-INS+IS: GOTO 348

IF COB THEN CC-CC-ll INS-LEFTS(1NS,CC) :

PRINT CHRS(32) STRINGS(2,24) PSi

POKE lfi444,8: GOTO 348

ADD RONS AMD COLUMNS

488 FOR C-1 TO KV»1: Ct(C)-8i NEXT: FOR B-1 TO NH: RT-Bi

FOR C-I TO NV: TS-MID$(AS(R} . (C-I) ■15*2 ,14)
418 V-VAL(TS)t RT-BTtVi CT(C) -CT(C) +Vi NEXT:

CT(MV*l)-CT(MV*ll»RTi

PRIMT t 968. CBRS(IB) *CALCULAT1MC ROW" R '- ' HTi
421 IF RT-8 THEN TS-"'i LT-B : ELSE IS-STHS(RT)i LT-LEN{I$)i

IF RTt:8 THEN LT-LT-li

TS-'-**STRIHGSa3-LT,32)*HIGHTS(IS,LT) ELSE

T«-STRIHC$(14-LT,32)*IS
438 AS(R)-LEPT$(AS(R) ,NV*15*1)*TS: NEXT
448 ASIHH*!)-": POR C-1 TO HV4li

IP Cr(C)-B THEM TS-STRINGS<14,32) ELSE

I$-ST»S(CT(C)) 1 LT-LEN(I$): IF CT(C)<8 THEN LT-LT-li

TS-*-** STRINGS (13-LT,32)+RlGBTS(It,LT) ELSE

TS-STRIBGS(14-LT,32)*IS
458 AS(MH+l)-A$(MB'»l]*CaRS(178}+T$i NBXTi GOTO 178
468 ■

PRIMT DATA

478 IF PEEK(14312)<>63 THEN PRINT ? 968, 'PRINTER MOT READY'n

RETURN ELSE LPRIST TVS: LPRIMT ' '
488 POR R-1 TO HV*1 STEP 5i FOR CN-B TO 4: LPRIMT
■+CHRS(8*C«*64)»* *|i NEXT:

LPRIMT] FOR AS-l TO MB*li

LPRIMT A5 TAB{4)j: FOR CN-8 TO 4:

TS-KID$(AS(A5) ,(R*CN)*15-13,14) : GOSUB 51Bi

NEXT: LPRINT
498 IF A5-NH 'MEN LPRIMT ' * STR1NGS!78 ,'-')

588 NEXTi LPRIMTi LPRIMT ' ': LFRINT * ': LPRINT * "j MBXTi

LPRIMT ' *i LPRINT * *i LPRINT * *: RETURN
518 V-VAL(TS): IF V-8 THEN LPRINT " **TSji RETURN
528 LPRINT USING *l**lltt t .IB* t Vj : LPRINT * 'jl RETURN

538 ■

LOAD FROM TAPE

54B IF Y-B THEN 55BELSE GOSUB 618: GOSUB 6Z8i

IF V-8 THEN RETURN
558 CLSi PRINT f 340, "CLEARING MEHORY": PRINT TABtll)

"POSITION TAPE AT START OF FILE": PRINT TAB! 141
■AND PRESS [PLAY) ON RECOHOEH" :

FOR A-1 TO MH+li AS(A1-"": NEXT
568 PRINTi PRINT TABIIJ) 'PRESS (L) TO LOAD FILE": PPINT:

PRINT TAB[1B) 'PRESS (CLEAR) TO RETURN TO COHMAND MENU'
578 I$-INKGYSl IF IS-'L* OR I5-*l' THEN CLfi: PRINT TA8(22)

'LOADING FILE*: ELSE IF I$-CHR$(31) THEN RETURN ELSE 578
5B8 INPUTI-1. HV.HH: INPUTB-1, TYS: CL-NV*15*lt RL-MHi PRINT:

PRINT TYS: A-1: AA-1: X-4: Y-128i nX-HV*15-Ili

ir NX>34 THEN HX-34
5» FOR V-I TO MH*I: PRINT 9 345, *LtNE* V: INPUTI-1, AS(V) :

NEXT] IF RL>6 THEN RL-6
688 RETURN
618 CLS: PRINT 8 268, *THIS MILL ERASE THE FILB MOW IN MEMORY*

PRINT TAB(16) 'DO YOU MISB TO COMTINUE 7 (T/N)*i RETURN
62B IS-IHKBYSt IF IS-*Y* OH IS-*y" THEN V-li RETURN ELSE

IF IS-'N* OR IS-*n* THEN V-fl; RETURN ELSE 628
638 '

SAVE ON TAPE

648 CLSt PRIMT » 271,

■POSITION TAPE AT A BLANK AREA*: PRINT TAB(9}

'PRESS (RECORD) AMD (PLAY) SIMULTANEOUSLY*
658 PRIMTl PRIMT TAB(18) *PRESS (S) TO SAVE FILE*: PRINT:

PRIMT TABdB) 'PRESS (CLEAR) TO RETURN TO COMMAND MENU'
668 IS-IMKEYSi IF 1S-"S' OR IS-'b' THEN CLS: PRINT TAB(23)

'SAVING FILE'; PRIMT: PRIMT TYS ELSE IF IS-CHRS(3l) THEK

RETURN ELSE 668
678 PRIMT8-1, MV.MB: PRINT B-l. TYS: FOR V-1 TO MH*1:

PRin- t 345, 'LINE' V: PRIMTI-1, A$(V) 1 NEXT
6 88 RETURN

Program Listing. MiniCalc

sof is the only thing that must be moved. S
equals zero. Line 290 jumps back to the
proper print routine and the keyboard is
again polled.

The character entry routine at line 310
handles all numeric and string input and
formatting. Line 310 erases the field cursor,
clears the input string variable (INS), zeros
the character count (CC) and sets the maxi-
mum character count (MC) allowed (or in-
put. Control then jumps to the subroutine at
line 350 where input is checked for enter
{CHR$(13)) or backspace (CHR$(8)). If the in-
put character was neither of the above, is
printable, and the character count is less

142 • eo Micro. May 1983

than the maximum count, the character
count is incremented and the character is
printed. If the character count now equals
the maximum count, the end of line charac-
ter is printed. The new character is added to
the input string (INS) in line 360 and the pro-
gram goes into a keyboard polling loop at
line 340. Lines 370-380 handle the repeating
backspace function.

When entry is complete, control returns
to line 320. IN$ is reformatted in line 320 de-
pending on the string contents. H INS con-
sists of string data, the characters are
centered in a 14-character string by padding
both sides with blanks. If IN$ is a negative

Model 11/16
Conversion

DELETE THE FOLLOWING LINES:

ADD THE FOLLOWING LINES 1

321 INS-STRINGS(MC-CC,32)*IS*'
576 0PEH'I*,1,"DATAFIL/DAT*
578 IFE0F(l)TKEH6eB
665 OPEN"0',1,'DATAFIL/DAT'

EDIT THE FOLLOWING LINES:

Lonvenion (onimues

number, a minus sign is used as the first
character In the 14-character wide field. The
nunnber is then padded with spaces to the
left and to the right to right-justify the digits
at position 8. Positive numbers are padded
with spaces to right-justify to position 8.
The negative sign must be the first
character in a negative string when the
VAL(n$) function is invoked. Leading
spaces are allowed when using VAL(n$) for
positive numbers.

Line 330 returns directly to the main dis-
play routine if no new information is
entered into the field. New information is in-
serted into the middle of the appropriate ar-
ray element and control then returns to the
main display routine. I is made equal to LI
before returning. This steps the cursor from
field to field as data is entered.

The row and column totals are right-
justified in the 14-character field. Totals of
zero are left blank. All numbers are single
precision so it is possible to go into scien-
tific notation if you are handling a big
budget. You can alter the program to do the
totals in double precision if needed. Integer
arithmetic can be used and will speed
things up a little.

The print routine is set up for a Model I.
Change the Printer Ready test address in
line 470 to agree with the port you are using
on a Model III. Notice that the LPRINT US-
ING function is used on all numeric printing
to align the decimal points and to round all
numbers to the nearest cent.

If you convert MINICALC to disk I/O, file
handling will t>e much faster. Use LINE IN-
PUT#n and you will be able to use commas
and colons in your strings. You can display
and save these characters without problem,
but they cause loading errors on a tape
system. Disk users can also take advantage
of MID$ on the left of equations in line 330.
If you use cassette I/O under Disk Basic do
a CMD'T",

I have used the program for a monthly

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NEXT:PRINT:PRIKT!
PRINT NS(A5) MID

Conversion continued

la ' MINI CALC 11/29/81 TAPE 111 15B "C"

BV JOHN CORBANI 2455 CALLE

LINARES SAHTA BARBARA, CA 931B9.

20 CLEAR 84a0:DEFItlT A,B: SP$=STRINGS(13 ,150) :SF>>8B :DIH CT(ie), A$(26), N$(26): A
6=6fl:PS-CHRS(95)tCHBS(28) :BS=CHRS(281

30 CLS: PRINT 9 189, 'MIKI CALC VS 1.1 11/29/81-: PRINT: PRI

NT TAB(28) 'BY": PRINT TAB121) "JOHN CORBAWl": PRINT TAB{21) '2455 CALLE LIMAR
ES*: PRINT TAB(21) 'SAHTA BARBARA, CA 931*9': PRINT

48 FOR A-1 TO 9: MSIA) =STRS(A) +' ': NEXT: FOR A-10 TO 26: N$ (A) -MIDS(STRS{ A) , 2

,31+' ■: NEXT: GOTO 6§

60 PRINT TAB(25) 'COMMAHD MBNU': PRINT: PRINT TAB(171 'P - PRINT L -

LOAD': PRINT TAB(17) 'R - RERUN S - SAVE': PRINT TAB(21) 'C - CHEAT

E NEW FORM'

7 IS='INKEYS:IFIS-'P"OBIS-"p"rHENGOSUB47BiGOT05i!ELSEIFIS='L'ORlS-'l"THEWGOSUB 5
4i:G0TO5»ELSEIF(IS-'R'0RIS='E')ANDY>ITHEH17»ELSEIFIS='S"0HIS-'s'4TllENGOSUB 641 jG
OTO50ELSEIFIS»'C'ORIS='C'THEHIFY>0THEN90ELSE1»0

IIB CLS: PRINT 9 342, 'PAGE TITLE (1 LINE)": PRINT: PRINT TYS: INPUT TYS: PRI

NT 8 44B, CHRS124) TYS;

lie PRINT i 576, 'NUMBER OF COLUMNS ACROSS [2 - 14)"l MVl CHRS(23);: INPUT M

V: IF (MV<2 OR MV>H) THEN PRINT 'TRY AGAIN" : GOTO IHELSE CL=HV*15+1

120 PRINT t 656, 'NUMBER OF LINES DOWN (2 - 25)' MH CHRS(23);: INPUT MH:

IF (MH<2 OR MH>25) THEN PRINT 'TRY AGAIN': GOTO 120ELSE RL-MH: IF RL>6 THEN B

L=6

130 PRINT i 816, CHR«(24) TAB(20) "IS THIS CORRECT ? (Y/N)'): GOSUB 620: IF V

=0 THEN 10B

140 CLS: TS»"': FOR B=l TO MV: TS-TS+CHRS (148) ♦STRINGS{ 14 ,32) : NEXT: TS-TS+C
HRS(14B)+STRINGS(225-(MV)*15,15B) : FOR A-1 TO MH: AS(A)=T$: NEXT: AS(HH+1)-STR
ING$(240,1SB)

150 A=l: AA»li X-4: Y=80; MX=MV*15-ll! IF MX>34 THEN MX-34
160 ' RUN PROGRAM.

170 CLS: FOR R-B TO 3: PRINT TAB (R*15-t-ll) CHRS { A/15+R+65) ; !

FOR A5-AA TO RL: PRINT N$(A6) MIDS ( AS ( A5) , A,A6) : NEXT:

S1AS(A5) ,A,A6)

180 PRINT e 1606," (SHIFT RIGHT) TOTAL (ARROWS) MOVE CURSOi

190 SP-X+YjPRINT@SP,CHRS(23) ;

200 IS-INKEYS: IF IS""" THEN 300ELSE I-ASC(IS):IF I>31 AND K91 THEN GOSUB SlflEL
SE1FI=29THEN400ELSE1FI=13THENI=LI
210 IP 1-30 THEN IF Y>80 THEN Y=Y-80 ELSE
228 IF 1-31 AND Y<MH-a0 THEN IP Y<896 THEN Y-Y+80: ELSE
+1: S=l

240 IF I-a THEN IF X>16 THEN X=X-15 ELSE
25B IF 1-9 THEN IF X<35 THEN X=X+15 ELSE
260 IF A>CL-22 AND X>MX THEN X=HX

29B LI-1: IF S-1 THEN S = 0: GCFTO 17BELSE GOTO 190

390 ' INPUT DATA.

310 PRINT ? SP, CHRS(23);: CC=0: IN$=" : IF IS-"-' OR (IS>"/' AND IS<";-) THE

N MC=8 ELSE HC-14

32B GOSUB 158: IS-INS: IF MC=14 THEN B>INT( (MC-CC) /2) : INS=STHINGS (B, 32) +1 S*S

TRINGS{MC-CC-D,32) ELSEIFLEFTS(INS, 1) ='-' THEN CC=CC-l! IS=RIGHTS( INS ,CC) : INS-"-
'+5TRINGS{MC-CC-1,32)+IS+' ■:ELSE1S-INS

330 I=LI: IF CC-0 THEN RETURN ELSE PRINT S SP-Bfl, INS;: LN=AA-l+Y/ee : CN-A+X-

4: LS=LEFTS(AS(LN) ,CN) : RS=INS+HIDS ( AS{LN) ,CN+1S , 240) : AS (LN) =LS+RS: RETURN

35B IF IS=CHBS(13) THEN RETORHELSEIFIS-CHRS(67) THEN5e ELSEIF IS=CHRS(8) THEN 370
ELSE IF (CC-HC OR IS<" "jTHEN 348ELSE CC-CC+1 : IF CC<HC THEN PRINT IS PS;

ELSE PRINT IS CHRS(13B)+BS;

37B IF COB THEN CC-CC-1: INS=LEFTS(INS,CC) : PRINT CHRS(32) STRINGS ( 2 ,28) PS;

380 GOTO 340

390 ' ADD ROWS AND COLUMNS.

400 FOB C-1 TO MVtl: CT(C)=fl: NEXT: FOR R=l TO HH: RT=a; FOR C=l TO HV: TS-MI

DS{AS(R),(C-l)'15t2,14)
410 V=VAL(TS): RT=RT*V: CT{C) =CT(C) +V: NEXT: CT(MV+1) -CT(MV+1) +RT: PRINT ?

960, CHRS (23) "CALCULATING ROW" R '- " RT;

420 IF RT-0 THEN TS-": LT=a: ELSE IS-STRS(RT)! LT=LEN[IS): IF RT<0 THEN LT-L

T-1: TS-'-"+STRINGS(13-LT,32)+RIGHTS{IS,LT) ELSE TS-STRINGS{ I4-LT,32) +1 S

440 AS<MH+1)-"': FOR C=l TO HV+1 ! IF CT{C)-0 THEN TS-STRINGS( 14 ,32) ELSE I

S=STRS{CT(C) ) ! LT=LEN(IS): IF CTtCXB THEN LT-LT-1: TS="-"->- STRINGS! 13-LT, 32)

♦RIGHTS ( IS ■ LT) ELSE TS=STRINGS ( 14-LT, 32) +1 S

450 AS(MH+11-AS(MH+1)+CHRS!149)+TS: NEXT: GOTO 170
460 ' PRINT DATA.

470 SYSTEH'FORMS W»80":LPRINT TYS: LPRINT " "
4B0 FOR R-1 TO MV+1 STEP 5: FOR CN=0 TO 4i LPRINT "

+" ."f! NEXT: LPRINT: FOR A5=l TO MH+1 : LPRINT A5 TAB(4);.

TS-HIDS(AS(A5) , (R+CN) •15-13,14) 1 GOSUB 510! NEXT: LPRINT

500 NEXT: LPRINT: LPRINT " ' : LPRINT " ": LPRINT " ": NEXT: LPRINT "

T " ": LPRINT " ": RETURN

530 • LOAD FROM DISK.

540 IF Y-0 THEN SBBELSE GOSUB 610: GOSUB 620: IF V-0 THEN RETURN

550 CLS: PRINT g 340, "CLEARING MEHORY'iPOR A-1 TO MH+1: AS(A)="": NEXT

IF AA>1 THEN AA=AA-1 : S=l

IF AA<MH-5 THEN AA-AA

IF A>1 THEN A-A-15: S=l

IF A<CL-22 THEN A=A-H5: S = l

"+CHRS(BtCNi-B0)
i FOR CN-0 TO 4:

LPBIN

560 PRINT: PRINT TAB[17) "PRESS (L) TO LOAD FILE": PRINT:

S (C) TO RETURN TO COMMAND MENU"

578 IS-INKEYS: IF IS-"L" OR IS="1" THEN CLS: PRINT TAB(22)

SE IF IS=CHRS(67) THEN RETURN ELSE 570

680 INPUT#1, MV.MH: INPUTIl, TYS: CL=MV"15+1: RL-MH: PRINT:

A=l: X-4: Y-BS: MX-MV"15-11: IF MX>34 THEN MX-34 :GOT0578

598 FOR V-1 TO MH+1: PRINT § 345, "LINE" V: INPUTIl, AS(V)!

N RL=6

680 CLOSEiRETURN

610 CLS: PRINT ? 26B, "THlS WILL ERASE THE FILE NOW IN MEMORY

"DO YOU WISH TO CONTINUE ? (Y/N)": RETURN
620 IS-INKEYS: IF IS='Y' OR IS''y" THEN V-1: RETURN ELSE
THEN V-0: RETURN ELSE 620

638 ' SAVE ON DISK.

640 CLS

658 PRINT: PRINT TAB(18) "PRESS (S) TO SAVE FILE": PRINT:
S (C) TO RETURN TO COMMAND MENU"

660 IS-INKEYS: IF IS='S' OR IS^'s' THEN CLS: PRINT TAB(23)
NT: PRINT TYS ELSE IF IS=CHRS(67) THEN RETURN ELSE 660

670 PRINTIl, HV,MH: PRINTIl, TYS: FOR V=l TO MH+1: PRINT g 345,

HTIl, AStV) I NEXT

PRINT TAB(10) ■
"LOADING FILE-

PR ES

PRINT TYS: A-1: A
NEXT: IF RL>6 THE

PRINT TAB(16)
IF IS-'N" OR IS-'n'

PRINT TAB(18) 'PRES
"SAVING FILE": PRI

"LINE" V: PRI

Check register, an automobile mileage and
maintenance log, and as a job costing sheet
for a small catering business. If you have
the memory, clear more string space and in-
crease the row count to 31 . You now have a
monthly accounting sheet. A row is avail-

able for every calendar date and 14 ac-
counts cover a lot of territory.B

John Corbani is a self-employed consul-
tant. His hobbies include flying, skiing,
snorkeling and RC models.

80 Micro. May 1983 * 143

UnLITY

statements in Common

by Zvi Barak

While writing a payroll program re-
cently, I found myself with the problem
of having to transfer data from one pro-
gram to another. There had to be a way
to share data without wasting time and
disk space.

Some Basic and Fortran compilers
solve this problem with the Common
statement. This statement specifies the

ou can transfer data
from one program to
another. This routine
makes it quick and easy.

100 DEFINT H,L,AD,WA
no DEFUSR1=&HFOOO
120 DIM H(100.1).WA(1)

program lines

200 L = 404: AD = VARPTR(H(0,0)):GOSUB1000

program lines

300 L = -404:AD = VARPTR(H(0,0)):GOSUB1000

program lines

990 REM SUBROUTINE TO CALL MACHINE LANGUAGE ROUTINE

1000 WA{0) = VARPTR(L)

1010 WA(1) = AD

1020 WA(0) = USR1(VARPTR(WA(0)))

1030 RETURN

Program Listing I

variables and arrays that are to be
shared between programs, and the com-
pilers transfer the data between the dif-
ferent programs.

My Basic interpreter does not have
the Common statement, so 1 created
one in my programs.

Since Basic lets you protect parts of
the RAM, you can move shared data to
that area before executing Run, and re-
trieve it after the program has run.

The reserved area should be large
enough to accommodate both the
shared data, and the machine-language
routine that moves the data to and from
the high memory area.

Program Listing 1 shows the Basic
statements necessary to share a two-
dimensional array of integers. Line
100 defines the variables used, and line
110 defines the address of the ma-
chine-language routine (stored under
MOVE/CMD).

This routine must be loaded before
being called. From TRSDOS, use
LOAD MOVE/CMD. From Basic, use
SYSTEM"LOAD MOVE/CMD" for
the Model II, or CMD"L", "MOVE/
CMD" for the Model III.

Line 120 defines an array H(I00,1)
used in the main program, and a work-
ing array WA(1). Remember that each

The Key Box
Model I, 11, and HI
48KRAM
Disk Basic
Assembly Language
One Disk Drive
Editor/ Assembler

144 • 80 Micro. May 1983

array has a zero element, so that the ar-
ray WA(I) has two elements, and the
array H(100,l) has 202.

The subroutine called from lines 200
and 300 writes machine language in
lines 1000-1030. Two parameters are
transferred to MOVE/CMD: the num-
ber of bytes to be moved and stored in
variable L, and the starting address of
the array H to be moved and stored in
variable AD.

The sign of L tells the routine to
move it to high memory when L>0, or
from high memory when L<0. Since
Basic stores integers in two bytes,
the total length of the array H(100,l) is
404 bytes.

Basic only lets you transfer a single
variable with the USR call. You can
overcome this by storing all integer vari-
ables in a working array, such as WA,
and transfer the starting address of
that array.

The address of the variable L is
stored in WA(0) and the variable AD is
stored in WA(1). The call to the
MOVE/CMD is done in line 1020.
WA(0) could have stored L itself in-
stead of the address of L, but if L is not
an integer, this will tell the machine-lan-
guage routine where to find it.

Listing 2, written for the Model II, is
the machine-language routine that
moves the array from high to low
memory. Lines 1 10-250 get the param-
eters L and AD from Basic, and get the
address of the working storage area,
INDEX, chosen here to be at F900 hex.

The sign of L is checked at line 260.
Jumps from high to low memory take
place in lines 350-400. The block move
Z80 instruction, LDIR, is used where
registers BC keep the number of bytes
to move (L), registers HL keep the ad-
dress of the source block, and registers
DE keep the address of the destination
block.

Model HI users should replace lines
110-140 with the single instruction,
CALL 0A7FH.

You can move any integer variable by
making it an element of array H. Single-
precision numbers (4 bytes per number)
require that you double the value of L,
and double-precision numbers (8 bytes
per number) increase the value of L four
times.

Strings should be treated differently
due to their varying lengths. I have not
yet worked with them and welcome
ideas from readers.!

Zvi Barak can be reached at 13 Candy
Couriway, Willowdale, Ontario, Can-
ada M2R 2 Y7.

^S»» List ol Advrtltan on Page 371

0fb;i

eoiea

ORG

0FOOH

OFSfl E5

00110

START

PUSH

3F01 3DE1

BFflS DD6EUC

00120

POP

GET ADRESS OF VARPTR OF WA I

00130

L, (IX + 0OH)

LSB

0FO6 DD6601

0B14K

li,(IX + 01H)

MSB

BFH9 L5

001^0

PUSH

GET ADDRESS OF WA(0J

0FOA DDEl

D016fl

POP

flFBC DDSEBB

00170

L,(IX+O0H)

LSB

BFBF DD6601

001dL)

H, (IX + BIH)

HS.i

aF12 ii.5

BU19U

PUSH

flF13 FDEl

00200

POP

GET WA(0) -ADDRESS OF PARAME

TER L

3F15 FD4EaO

00210

C, (iYtOBH)

LSB

3F18 FD46fll

BO220

B, (lY+aiH)

KSb. 3C = ARR.\Y length TO MOV

E (PARAMETEF

OFIB Da5E32

0O23C

E, (IX*02H)

LSB

BFIE DD5603

00240

D,(IX*03H)

MSB. DE-ADDRESS OF ARRAY TO

MOVl (PARAMETER AD)

DF21 211J0F9

DF24 CB7B

002^0

HL, INI3EX

ADDRESS OF HIGH MEMORY AKRA

00260

BIT

07H,n

DF26 2B08

00270

N Z , TOLOW

00 IF NEGATIVE [ L<0 )

0F28 71

e02il0

TOH I GH

(HL) ,C

L^B

DF29 n

00290

INC

POIHT TO NEXT BYTE

3F2A 70

0033i]

{HLl ,B

HSU. FIRST 2 QYTES OF ir;DE;x

AHft.\Y KtEP

LENGTH OF ARRAY

0F2B 23

003141

INC

POINT TO NEXT BYTE

DF2C F.B

00320

DE.HL

HL-SOURCE, DE- DESTINATION

0F2D EuBB

00330

LDIR

HOVE FROM LOW MEMORY TO HIG

H MEItORY

3F2F C9

00340

BET

DP30 4E

0035'0

TOLOW

C,{HL)

L£E OF TiHRAY LENGTH

aril 23

00360

INC

POINT TO IJEXT BYTE

0F32 46

00370

B,{KL)

MSa. BC = ARRAY LENGTH. IlL-SO

UBCE, DE = DESTI^JATIO^

0F33 23

0B3H0

IKC

POINT TO NEXT BYTE

0P34 EDBB

00390

LDIR

MOVE FROM HIGH MEMORY TO LO

W MEMORY

0F36 C9

00400

RET

F900

00419

INDEX

EQU

OF900H

WORKING AREA

OF0O

00424

END

START

00000 TOTAL

ERRORS

Program Listing 2

HDI.LAND COMPANY

t-BESEHTS

^BRAINWAVE'

^""■r.-'^"'

-"^r.:^---*

'r^."*-"'

. tffirt '

"I tfu Uai »It al ^nuH ■
ts nan rlint tMi w*»n
iq grrin

(. aiLKNi

IF TOU HUNT TO AMrtZE EUEKYEODI THAI EUEM COMES HEftfc
TOUft COMPUTER. THE.W IT S TInE FOR lOU TO ORDER
EROIMMftWE. THIS IS THE FIMEST PIECE OF

SOFTWftRE TOU'Ll FIWO HMYUHFUE TO OCHOHSTftfllE THE
BEAl POWER OF YOUR flftCHIHF . TALK ABOUT A DYNAMITE

HETHOO OF DEhONSTRATING THE ABILITIES Ot TOUR PEB-

5DNAL COnPLTEB THIK IS IT'' EVEN THE MOST

SOPHISTICATED EXPERT «1LL COflE TO MIS KMEES WHEN
YOUR COMPUTER ANSWERS MIS COMPLEX QUESTIOHS.

LICELLENT OOCunENTATIQM HILL CUIDE TOU THROUGH THE
SlftPLE FROCEDUBE OF OEIONSTRATING THIS PIECE OF
GENIUS. GET READY FOf fl PARREL OF FUN OM TOUR

riBST TSY HUH THIS PHEKOHENAL FROCRAM. HAUE FUN''

I l'« IM1 HI W) MW*"''

'■ rt m ni"

r. NMXTT

vnaii

rmm CM 1 1 tv Wit

NB B IiU n> MS. SiUS

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Nt II. H RULSC

njE u.M Fv c.o.g.
Dcin nm wkk:

I / m v aim
TiK von

f. a. eoi loi -- turnpike station ♦

3*< FOSTON TURHFlf^E
SHREUSEiURT. M* 015^5

*17-791-BH6B

80 Micro, May 1983 • 145

o83o83o83o8bc>8So38o68o88«=>8&c>gBo3So8b<=>88oSSoS8o3yo8'

Graphics Software
Buyer's Guide

CXXXXKXXICXICXIKICXXXXXXKXXXXXXXXXXXXIIXXXICXXXKXXXXX]

TRS-SOs are infamous for low-
resolution graphics, and you've
all experienced the frustrations of
limited graphics capabilities.

Now for the good news: Help is
on the way. More and more soft-
ware manufacturers are introduc-
ing innovative graphics packages
for sophisticated applications.

The many uses of these pro-
grams include bar graphs, pie
charts, block charts, three-dimen-
sional figures, and decorative en-
hancements for text.

The products described below
are documented with a user's

guide or instruction manual, and
many include sample files or pro-
grams. Responses to this &) Micro
survey indicate that these graph-
ics packages are unprotected.

Free replacement of defective
disks is standard. Individual war-
ranty or replacement policies are
described In each product
summary.

The brief synopses below are in
alphabetical order by manufac-
turer's name. See Tables 1-3 for
quick reference to manufacturers
who have products for your oper-
ating systems.

[XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX13UIXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX3CXXDCXXX]

CMD Micro
10447—124 St.
Edmonton, Alberta
Canada T5N 1R7
40^488-7109

MX Graphic gives block-graphics ca-
pabilities to Epson MX-80 printers with
Graftrax Plus. It operates with TRSDOS
or NEWDOS on the Model I or III. MX
Graphic requires a minimuni ofl6K and
is available on cassette only. $19.95 plus
$2 for shipping and handling.

Computerware
4403 Manchester Ave.
P.O. Box 668
Encinitas, CA 92024
619-436-3512

Foxy^af is an Assembly-language

grairiiics develoixnent package for the
Color Computer. It requires 16K and is
available on cassette or 5'/i^nch disk.
Defective media are replaced fw 90
days (HI all three Computerware graph-
ics programs. $29.95 on cassette and
S34.95 on disk.

Semi Draw allows you to dump Col-
or Computer drawings to a Line Printer
VII, VIII, NEC 8023, or any C. Itoh
printer. The program comes on cas-
sette, and requires 32K. S21.95

3D Drawing Board helps users create
three-dimensional objects and subse-
quently change their size or relative
locations. I>awings are saved on either
cassette or disk. A Color Computer
with 16K is required for the cassette ver-
si<Hi or 32K for the SVi-inch disk.
S24.95 on cassette and S29.9S on disk.

Escape Computer Software Inc.
P.O. Box 1771
RosweU, GA 30077
404-971-5349

Daisy-Aids provides menu-driven
^aphics for daisy-wheel or thimble-
impact printers. It requires CP/M and a
minimum of 64K, and is available on
8-inch disks for the Model II. Escape
Computer Software Inc. does not
specify a warranty policy. $275

Greathouse and Company

P.O. Box 27051

Rancho Bemanlo, CA 92127

CoCo Drawer is a joystick-driven
graphics editor for the Color Com-
puter. With the joystick, a usct selects
from over 40 commands on two menus
to create a variety of figures. CoCo
Drawer requires Attended Color Basic
and 32K. &3 Micro was unable to reach
the company for further details on the
product. $19.95

Jupiter Island Corporation
1900 Powell St., Suite 1135
Emeryville, CA 94608
415-655-0840

Col(Htext is a text-enhancement utili-
ty that requires a text editor or word-
processing program,, an IDS Prism
printer, and a Process color ribbon. It
operates on CP/M with a minimum of
24K, and is available on a 5 1/4- or 8-inch
disk. $149

146 • 80 Micro, May 1983

Borders by Colorlext/rom Jupiter Island Corporation

(^mmmmmwmmmmmmmmmmmm(>mmmmm

Leapac Services
8245 Mediterranefln Way
Sacramento, CA 95826
916-381-1717

Pffspective Plot Package (L3P) is an
enhancement to the L2D package that
has several features, including annota-
tion, curve generation, and token
generation. It operates on CP/M 2.2
and is available on 8-inch disks. The
software requires at least 12K and
comes in a combination package with
L2D. $360

X-Y Vector Plot Package 0.20) re-
quires a terminal and plotting device. It
handles annotations, curve generation,
shading and clipping, line, bar, and pie
charts. You must have CP/M and at
least 12K with an 8-inch disk drive. $249

Ubra LfUxtratories Inc.
495 Main Si.
Metuchen, NJ 08840
201-494-2224

EP-Graphics allows you to produce
high-resolution printouts using two disk
drives and an Epson MX -80 or MX-lOO
printer with Graflrax or Graftrax Plus.
This program operates with TRSDOS
1.3 or 2.3, and on the Model I or III. It
requires 48K and is available only on a
5'/4-inch disk. $79.50

Stat-to-PIotter produces graphs and
charts on Radio Shack or Houston In-
struments plotters from Radio Shack's
Statistical Analysis Program or Profile.
You must have a Model II or 16 with at
least 64K. Stat-to-Plotter uses the
TRSDOS 2.0a operating system and is
available only on 8-inch disks. $99.50

Menlo Systems

3790 El Camino Real, Suite 221

Palo Alto, CA 94306

415-856^r727

Autoplot is a plotting program for

functions or tabulated data; it provides
high-resolution graphics on an Epson
MX-80 printer with Graftrax. Autoplot
operates in TRSDOS, DOSPLUS,
NEWDOS. and LIX)S. It requires 48K
and functions on either the Model I or
III. This program is available only on
5 '/4-inch disks. $79.50 ($99.50 for
LNW-80).

Autoplot/CGP is also an automated
plotting program, but it uses the Radio
Shack Model CGP-115 color graphics
printer. This version requires only 16K.

Graphics by Curve Three- D from
West Coasi Consultants

All other features correspond to those
listed above for Autoplot. $69.50

Micro-Labs Inc.
902 Pinecrest Drive
Rkhardson, TX 75080
214-235-0915

Bizgraph software takes data in DIP
format (such as VisiCalc) and plots it on
a Model III with a Grafyx Solution
board. It supports line, bar, pie, and
scatter plots. This program requires
32K and is available on 5 14 -inch disks
only. Its operating systems include
TRSE>OS, LDOS, NEWDOS. and
DOSPLUS. Each of these Micro-Labs
Inc. products has a 90-day limited war-
ranty. $89.95

The Grafyx Solution software pack-
age comes complete with an add-on
board. It consists of 30 programs and
adds 14 commands in Extended Graph-
ics Basic for drawing on the new high-
resolution512 x 192 graphics screen. It
requires only 16K and is available on
cassette or 5'^-inch disk. The package
operates on the Model III with
TRSDOS, LDOS, NEWDOS, or DOS-
PLUS. $299.95

The 80-Grafix software package also
contains an add-on board. It consists of
18 programs and includes character-
editing software so that up to 128 char-
acters can be created and saved or dis-
played. 80-Grarix comes on cassette or
5 '/4 -inch disk for the Model I or III.
You must have at least 16K and either
TRSDOS, LDOS, NEWDOS, or DOS-
PLUS. $169.95

Micro Software Systems • Micro

Plot inc.

1815 Smokewood Ave.

FuUerton, CA 92631

714-526-8435

Datagraph Printer Graphics trans-
forms VisiCalc files into high-resolution
custom graphs on graphics printers.
The program requires at least 48K and is
available on 5 '/i -inch disk. It operates
on the Model I or III using TRSDOS,
LDOS, NEWDOS, or DOSPLUS. The
price of a defective package is refund-
able, and the replacement charge is $5
plus postage. $79.95

Mikec Electronics Corporation
P.O. Box 3813
Bellevue, WA 98009
206-392-1146

The Mikeegraphic System includes

80 Micro, May 1983 • 147

(0)(G>)tO)(CD)(0)(0

software and hardware for modifying
your Model I or III to produce high-
resolution graphics. It works on all
operating systems except CP/M. The
package requires at least 16K, and the
software is on cassette. Mikee Elec-
tronics provides a full refund for 30
days and a 90-day guarantee. $340

PowerSoft

11500 Stemmoiis Expwy., Suite 125

Dalhis, TX 75229

214-484-2976

PowerDot is a flexible high-resolu-
tion dot addresser. Il is available on
5 V* -inch disk and functions with all ma-
jor operating systems (including MUL-
TIDOS and NEWDOSSO). The pro-
gram runs on a Model I or III with a
minimum of 32K. PowerSoft contacts
all registered owners for updates, and
will always resurrect a crashed master
disk for a customer. Oisks that are de-
fective on arrival are replaced free; later
replacements are $5. S49.95

PowerDraw has six different save
modes to disk and lets the user merge
full -screen graphics with his program. It
requires 32K and is available on
5 !4-inch disks only. This program is for
the Model I or III and uses all major
operating systems. $39.95

Printer Graphlst Ltd.
P.O. Box 603
Newport, VT 05855
819-564-7704

Printer Graphist is an operating sys-
tem extension that enhances Basic to
provide high-resolution graphics. The
program can create eight-color graphics
on the IDS Prism color printer and one-
color graphics on other printers. It op-
erates with TRSDOS, NEWDOSSO,
LDOS, and DOSPLUS.

You must have at leat 32K and either
a Model I or III. A Model II version is
currently being developed. Printer
Graphist is available on a 5 Va -inch disk .
No back-ups are possible, but two
copies are provided with the package.
Printer Graphist Ltd. has a 15-day
replacement policy for defective disks.
$194.50; $249.50 after May 1, 1983.

Redding Group Inc.
c/o Lifeboat Assodates
1651 3rd Ave.

148 • 80 Micro. May 1983

Created by PowerDol from PowerSoft

MIPLOT

CURVE

PfWGRfiM

1 — T — T — T — ] — r — j — 1 — 1 — 1 — r T 1 [

! ^=. --^

' 2 V

; 7- \

^ '^

■ ^ ^

V ^ /

3 ^

-7-«-a-«-i-i>i I I 1 I \ ( t 1

EPtCTCLOID
Graphics by Curve from Wesl Coast Consultants

New Yorit, NY 10028
212-86(M)300

Graftalk is an interactive graphics
p)ackage designed for the business user.
It requires at least 48K and is available
on 5 V* -inch or 8-inch disks. Graftalk re-
quires CP/M. $450

Sdon Corporation
12310 Pinecrest Road
Reston* VA 22091
703-176-6100

TEKEM is Tektronix PLOT-10 com-
patible and includes all standard
4010/4014 features. The software is in-
cluded free with the MicroAngelo
graphics subsystem from Scion Cor-
poration; this system requires that your

0)(CD)(0)<0)(0)(CD)

TRS-80 be compatible with SlOO-based
products. It operates on CP/M and re-
quires 32K. TEKEM is only available
on 8-inch disks. Scion Corporation has
a 90-day warranty policy.

SofTech Microsystems Inc.
9494 Black Mountain Road
San Diego, CA 92126
619-451-1230

Turtlegraphics contains machine-
independent library subroutines that
produce high -resolution graphics. It op-
erates under Version IV UCSD p-Sys-
tem and is available on VA- and 8-inch
disks. The program requires at least
48K. $75

Soiectronics
400 Asbury
Evanston, IL 60202
312-866*737

Color-Graf is an interface between
the Model 1 and a color television that
allows the user to control the TV dis-
play. The package is available on

5 '/4-inch disks and requires 48K. Soiec-
tronics has a 90-day warranty on parts
and labor. (See 80 Micro*s review of
Color-Graf on p. 55.) $199

Southern Software Systems

485 South Tropical Trail

Suite 109

Merritt Island, FL 32952

305-452-2217

The Graph Zapper creates high-
resolution line graphs (data or equa-
tions) with on-screen numbers and la-
bels. The program is created for the
Color Computer, and uses Disk Basic
or Extended Color Basic. It requires
16K for the cassette version or 32K for
disk. Southern Software Systems pro-
vides a 14-day money-back guarantee.
$15.95 for cassette or $19.95 for disk,
plus $1 for shipping and handling.

The Bar Zapper allows the Color
Computer user to create high -resolution
bar graphs with multiple bars. It re-
quires 16K for the cassette version and
32K for disk, and operates in Disk Basic
or Extended Color Basic. $15.95 for
cassette or $19.95 for disk, plus $1 for
shipping and handling.

The Pie Zapper draws high-resolu-
tion pie charts with shaded sectors. You
must have a Color Computer with

AARDVARK
TRS-80 COLOR COMMODORE 24 VIC-20 SINCLAIR/TIMEX TI99

QUEST - A NEW IDEA IN ADVENTURE
GAMESI Different from all the others.
Quest is played on a connputer generated
map of Alesia. Your jab is to gather men
and supplies by combat, bargaining, explor-
ation of ruins and temples and outright
banditry. When your force is strong enough,
you attack the Citadel of Moortock in a
life or death battle to the finish. Playable
in 2 to 5 hours, this one is different every
time 16k TI99, TRS-80 Color, and Sinclair,
13K VIC-20, $14.95 each.

32K TRS 80 COLOR Version $24.95.
Adds a second level with dungeons and
more Questing.

CATERPILLAR
O.K., the Caterpillar does look a lot like a
Centipede. We have spiders, falling fleas,
monsters traipsing across the screen, poison
mushrooms, and a lot of other familiar
stuff. COLOR 80 requires 16k and Joy-
Sticks. This is Edson's best game to date.
$19!95 for TRS 80 COLOR.

ADVENTURES!!!

The Adventures below are written in BASIC,
are full featured, fast action, full plotted ad-
ventures that take 30-50 hours to play. (Ad-
ventures are interactive fantasies. It's like
reading a book except that you are the main
character as you give the computer, com-
mands like "Look in the Coffin" and'"Light
the torch.")

Adventuring requires 16k on Sinclair,
TRS-80, and TR$-80 Color. They require 8k
on OSI and 13k on VIC-20. Sinclair requires
extended BASIC. Now available for TI99.
Any Commodore 64.
$14.95 Tape - $19.95 Disk.

ESCAPE FROM MARS

(by Rodger Olsen)
This ADVENTURE takes place on the RED
PLANET. You'll have to explore a Martian
city and deal with possibly hostile aliens to
survive this one. A good first adventure.

PYRAMID (by Rodger Olsen)
This is our most challenging ADVENTURE.
It is a treasure hunt in a pyramid full of
problems. Exciting and tough t

DERELICT

(by Rodger Olsen & Bob Anderson)
New winner in the toughest adventure from
Aardvark sweepstakes. This one takes place
on an alien ship that has t>een deserted for a
thousand years — and is still dangerousi

Dungeons of Death - Just for the 16k TRS
80 COLOR, this is the first D&D type game
good enough to qualify at Aardvark. This is
serious D&D that allows 1 to 6 players to go
on a Dragon Hunting, Monster Killing, Dun-
geon Exploring Quest. Played on an on-
screen map, you get a choice of race and
character (Human, l>«arf. Soldier, Wizard,
etc.), a chance to grow from game to game,
and a 15 page manual. At the normal price
for an Adventure ($14.95 tape, $19,95 disk),
this is a giveaway.

WIZARDS TOWER - This is very similar to
Quest (see above). We added wizards, magic,
dragons, and dungeons to come up with a
Quest with a D&D flavor. It requires 16k
extended color BASIC. $14.95 Tape,
$19.95 Disk. VIC 20 Commodore 64.

P/ease specify system on all orders

PLANET RAIDERS - Not just another de-
fenders copy, this is an original program
good in its own right. You pilot a one man
ship across a planetary surface dogfighting
with alien ships and blasting ground installa-
tions while you rescue stranded troopers.
Rescue all the troopers and be transported
to another harder, faster t>aitle. Joysticks
required. ALL MACHINE CODE! EDSONS
BEST! 16K Tape TRS80COLOR $19.95 -
32K Disk $21.95.

BASIC THAT ZOOOMMSI!
AT LAST AN AFFORDABLE COMPILER!

The compiler allows you to write your
programs in easy BASIC and then auto-
matically generates a machine code equiv-
alenl that runs 50 to 150 times faster.
It does have some limitations. It takes al
least 8k of RAM to run the compiler and it
does only support a subset of BASIC —
about 20 commands including FOR, NEXT,
END. GOSUB. GOTO. IF, THEN, RETURN.
END. PRINT, STOP, USR (X), PEEK,
POKE. *, /, -^. -, ■ , .=, VARIABLE

NAMES A-Z, SUBSCRIPTED VARIABLES,
and INTEGER NUMBERS FOR!*^ 0-64K.
TINY COMPILER is written in BASIC. It
generates native, relocatable 6502 or 6809
code. It comes with a 20-page manual and
can be modified or augmented by the user.
$24,95 on tape or disk for OSI, TRS-80
Color, VIC 20, or Commodore 64.

SEAWOLFE - ALL MACHINE CODE In
this high speed arcade game, you lay out
patterns of torpedoes ahead of the attacking
PT boats. Requires Joysticks, at least 13k
RAM, and fast reflexes. Lots of Color and
Sound, A fun game Tape or Disk for Vic20.
Commodore 64. and TRS-80 Color.
$14.95 Tape -$19.95 Disk.

Dealen - We have the best deal going for
you. Good discounts, exchange programs,
and factory support. Send for Dealer Infor-
mation,

Authors Aardvark pays the highest com-
missions in the industry and gives programs
the widest possible advertising coverage.
Send a Self Addressed Stamped Envelope
for our Authors Information Package.

Adventures and Quest now available
for TI99

ALSO FROM AARDVARK - This is only a partial list of what w« carry. Wa have slot of other games (particularly for the
TRS-80 Color and OSI), busirMss programs, blank tapes and disks and hardware. Send $1.00 for our complete catalog.

^ AARDVARK

^ 2352 S. Commerce, Walled Lake, Ml 48088 / C313) 669-3110 ^

Phone Orders Accepted 6:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. EST. Mon.-Fri.
$2.00 shipping on each order

■10/

r'See List of Advertisers an Page 371

80 Micro, May 1983 • 149

( ) < > < > < ) < > < > < > < ) < ) < ) ( ) < ) < ) < > < > < > < > < > < ) < > < ) < ) < > < > < > < > < ) ( ) ( ) < )

Map by Curve-USA from West Coast Consultants

CMD Micro

Libra Laboratories Inc.

Menlo Systems

Micro-Labs Inc.

Micro Software Systems • Micro Plot Inc.

Mikee Electronics Corporation

PowerSoft

Printer Graphist Ltd.

Stanton and Sons

The Smallsystem Center

West Coast Consultants

WileSoft

Table L Standard Graphics (1/11/111/16)

either Disk Basic or Extended Color
Basic. The program needs 16K to run
the cassette version and 32K to run the
disk. $15.95 for cassette or $19.95 for
disk, plus $1 for shipping and handling.

Stanton and Sons
1130— 20th Ave. E.

Seattle, WA 98112
206-324-1512

Graphics Master facilitates the crea-
tion of moving or animated graphics,
and provides optional wrap-around and
black/white or left/right reversal. It op-
erates on the Model I Level U and re-

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• Call For Special Package Price

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ELECTRONICS

Lumberton Plaza
Mt. Holly, NJ 08060

TOLL FREE
800-257-5225

in NJ (609) 779-8877

TM- TANDY CORP

TIRED OF KID GAMES ON
YOUR COLOR COMPUTER?

TRY

REAL

SOFTWARE

Alchemist's Laboratory: Squeeze: MegaMaze

SEND FOR FREE CATALOGUE

P.O. Box 401, Hopedale, MA 01747 -345

150 • 80 Micro, May 1983

quires at least 16K. Graphics Master is
available on cassette only. $24.95

The Smallsystem Center

P.O. Box 268

New Hartford, CT 06057

203^2-3689

Screen Artist II is a machine-lan-
guage program containing 30 special
commands. It generates a Basic subrou-
tine describing the screen, and has a full
graphics alphabet. The program re-
quires 32K on a Model I or III. It is
available on 5 Va -inch disks and operates
on all TRSDOS-compatible DOSes.
The Smallsystem Center provides free
upgrades, a 30-day money-back guar-
antee, and a five-year replacement pol-
icy for defective media. $32.95

SuperSoft Associates
P.O. Box 1628
Champaign, IL 61820
217-359-2112

Stats-Graph is a statistical analysis
program with graphics to display data.
It operates on CP/M and is available on
5'/4- or 8-inch disks. You must have at
least 48K. The software has limited
back-up, and includes a 90-day warran-
ty and registration card. SuperSoft As-
sociates has a technical hotline at 217-
359-2691. $200

West Coast Consultants
1775 Uncoln Blvd.
Tracy, CA 95376
209-835-1780

Curvefit supports several kinds of
plotters, creates linear regression

Scanned by Ira Goldklang www trs 80 com

nnnnitHKntinxt^itUk

CHINR

Computenvcire
Greathouse and Company
Southern Software Systems

Table 2. Color Computer Graphics

Escape Computer Software Inc.
Jupiter Island Corporation
Leapac Services
Redding Group Inc.
Scion Corporation
SuperSoft Associates

Table 3. For CP/M Systems

analyses, and fits straight lines,
polynomials, exponential and power-
law equations to data. It operates with
TRSDOS 2.3 Level II Basic on the
Model I or III. Curvefit requires at least
48K and is available on 5 14 -inch disks.
West Coast Consultants has a one-year

U55R

INDIP

FREE WORLD

NRTD

NUCLEHR STRENGTHS

Pie Chan by Curve I / from IVesI CoasI Con-
sul I an is

warranty and replacement policy.
$99.50

Curve Three-D provides three-
dimensional oblique projection of sur-
face functions, user data, and space
curves to a variety of plotters. It re-
quires 48K on a Model I or III, and
operates with TRSDOS 2.3 Level 11
Basic. Curve Three-D is available on
5'/4-inch disks. $199

Curve II designs general-purpose 2-D
business and scientific graphics for use
with several plotters. You must have a
Model I or III with at least 48K. Curve
II is available on 5'/4-inch disks and
operates with TRSDOS 2.3 Level II
Basic. $275

TTTTTTTTrrnTTTTTTTTrn

Curve-USA plots a map of the USA
or any subset of the states shaded in col-
ors and patterns of the user's choice. It
requires 48K and TRSDOS 2.3 Level II
Basic. Curve-USA is available on
5 '/4-inch disks for the Model I or III. $75

WUeSoft

12100 Rosemont NE
Albuquerque, NM 87112
505-299-1275 after 4 p.m.

Graphics Extended Basic creates
high-resolution figures on Epson,
C. Itoh 8510, and NEC 8023A printers.
It interfaces with existing Basic for pro-
gramming purposes, and it stores your
graphics in memory. Operating systems
for Graphics Extended Basic include
LDOS, MULTIDOS, NEWDOS80
versions 1 and 2, and TRSIX)S 2.3 for
Models I and III. The program is
available only on 5 '/i-inch disks and re-
quires 48K. WileSoft offers a money-
back guarantee. For more information,
see 80 Micro's review (February 1983,
p. 52). $69.95 ■

CIRCLE COMPUTERS

15% DISCOUNT ON MOD I/Ill SOFTWARE
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PROGRAM TAPE DISK

Cyborg 13 55 16.95

Froggw 16 95 19 50

Outhouse 13 55 1695

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Crazy Painler 13 55 16.95

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Catapillar 13.55 16 95

Panik 16.95 21.90

Vexus 16.95 18.65

Rally 16.95 18.65

Sneak Thief .16 95 18 65

MUCH MUCH MORE CALL FOR FREE

CATALOG

HARDWARE

MOD3 16KLV2 850.00

M0D3 48K1 Ofive 1495.00

M0D3 48K 2 Drives 1750.00

LVNX MODEM 235 00

TANDON 40tk with pS and case . 199.95
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f-See List ol AOverlisers on Page 371

80 Micro. May 1983 • 151

HOME/HOBBY

Now building a kit is even easier!

Circuit-Board Scanner

James A. Llsowski

902 Willow Lane

S. Milwaukee, Wl 53172

Maybe this situation is fa-
miliar: I am building an
electronic circuit board in kit
form. The instructions say "iN-
SERT R13." I have the part in
hand but where am I supposed
to insert it? R13, R13, i saw the
place just a minute ago. Wtiere
is it now? After scanning the
ttoard and paging through the
manual I find the spot. Now "IN-
SERT C23." There must be a bet-
ter way!

Basically Not So Simple

My TRS-80 is better at remem-
bering locations than I. Couid it
help me build an eiectronic cir-
cuit board from a Mi? I created,
in Basic, a Printed Circuit Board
Part Locator that does the trick.
PCBPL represents my kit circuit
board as a rectangle on the
video dispiay. 1 can move any-
where on screen, outline board
landmarks with graphic charac-
ters, enter part names with a
special control key sequence
and, of course, have the pro-
gram locate the R13 position.

The Key Box

Model I and III
16K RAM

Cassette or Disk Basic
Scripsit 1.0

The problem was that as the
number of parts increased, the
Basic search routine got slower
and took almost as long as the
manual method.

I soon discovered missing
parts in my project's "complete
parts kit." While using Scripsit
to compose my complaint letter,
an idea came to me. Scripsit
doesn't know the difference be-
tween a letter and any other col-
lection of characters. It has tape
save, load and verify routines
built in. With it I can move or
"draw" anywhere on screen. Its
Global Find command will lo-
cate any word at machine lan-
guage speed. Could Scripsit
serve as a printed circuit board
part locator? Twenty minutes

later version 1.0 of Scripsit
PCBPL said "Yes!"

Locator Ideas

Since I wanted to use this
method for more than one proj-
ect, I needed to create an empty,
reusable circuit board drawing
surface. Most of the board is
blank, but a minimal border is
necessary to serve as a refer-
ence point, aiding placement.
Each border is composed of dif-
ferent characters allowing each
section to be easily identified. I
chose lowercase a b c d as my
border characters, with repeat-
ing abab sequences for the a/b
section junctions. You can use
any other characters as long as
they are not likely to show up in

a part name you may search for.
I also added titles and other
characters, but you can set the
outline any way you like.

Creating a Blank Board

To get the maximum board
size, set the video line width to
130 characters. {Refer to the in-
structions supplied with Scrip-
sit for all commands.) Then, with
the cursor at the first line, hold
down the a (or whatever border
character you want) key so the
automatic repeat function
prints a continuous line of a's.
Stop when you have the line half
filled (65 characters). Fill the rest
of the line with another border
character (b) in the same man-
ner (64 characters). End the line
with a forced end-of-line bound-
ary marker and press enter.

For the second tine, type one
a to form a left border. Press the
space bar to position the cursor
under the last a of the top line
(the border midpoint). Type b (to
form a mid-border), then space
over to the last position on the
line and type another b (to form
a right border). Duplicate this
process 12 more times to build
the full vertical left, mid and
right borders. (If you are familiar
with the Block commands, save
yourself some work by creating
a block out of the second line
and inserting 12 copies of it
below.) After finishing these
borders, create a full (129 char-
acter) horizontal mid-border

152 • 80 Micro, May 1983

UMiuiitaHU prlntMl circuit Iwird ptrt iKitor vl.l Jl MiuibbbbbltbbbbbbbbbbtfilbatiliibbblibbbtbblibbbbtabbblibtiblibbbbbbblibbbBbtbb

. vKtloni ditii .

cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccddddddifddddddddddildddddilddddddtlddddddildddddddddildMAdddilddilddddil

Fig. 1. Completed blank board

iiuMuaiMUi prtntid circuit bwrd pirt locitor il.i jl iiiuabbtibbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbblibbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbfibbbbbbb

R14

Ct9

C12

* J3

RIOB

R4
RZ3

103

HIT

HIS

.RHti dfto botrd vtriiont 4.0

B4 c n n

C38

.dttli 1/2/83

RIO

Hi? m w

RS8 C17

t
d

♦♦♦♦++4ttMtd

+ d

» d

+ J7 d

+ d

» d

+ d

♦ il

xcccccccccccccccccccceccccKcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccddddddddditddddddddddddilddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd

Fig. 2. Filled-in board

titles or alternate the characters
in the vertical mid-border. Save
several copies to tape or disk
and verify thenn as good saves.
This may tai<e longer than you
might expect. The large empty

made of a third unique character
(I used a period).

On the next line type a c,
space to the mid-point, type an-
other c, space to the end of the
line and type a d to create an-
other set of vertical left, mid and
right borders. Add 13 more lines
like this one and finish off with
half a line of c's (65) then d's (64)
to the end of the line, creating a
lower set of closed borders like
the one made of a's and b's
above. This finishes the basic
circuit board outlines (Fig. 1).

If you want, go back and add

^S»e List of Mvertisers on Page 371

'You could use

it to find . . .

a nebuia in a

starcliart/'

area tietween borders is made of
characters and needs to be re-
corded also. This Blank Board
file can be used in the future as
a starting point for your circuit
projects.

Using the Locator

Load a copy of the blank
board. Then add outlines of
some of the more prominent cir-
cuit board parts as landmarks
using equal signs, dashes, per-
iods and pluses. Once again, do
not use characters that are part
of the names you will be search-

ing for. Typical landmarks might
be; power supply transformers,
large capacitors, IC's, connec-
tors. Using the borders and land-
marks as position guides, add
the part names (R1, C3, and so
on) in their proper locations. Use
a systematic method to prevent
missing any parts. Finish with
title and date (Fig. 2). Then save
a copy of the complete board to
disk or tape.

To locate a part during kit
construction, use the Global
Find command to search for the
part name. If you attempt to find
part R1 you may get R11. Scrip-
sit will find the R1 in R11 and
then stop looking. Try to search
for "R1 " (with a space included
as part of the name to be found)
to avoid the unwanted match.
This wild card match feature
can be used to your advantage,
though. For example, to find all
resistors, just search for R. Keep
in mind that Scripsit only
searches down, or toward, the
end of text. Always move to the
top of the board before making a
search.

Other Ideas

After you have located and
used a part, you can delete that
part name and replace it with
spaces. (Do it on a copy, not the
original.) If you have a printer ca-
pable of 132 character lines you
can make a hardcopy image of
your complete board for docu-
mentation purposes.

If you are developing a circuit
board, the word processor wilt
allow board revisions without
physical erasure. If you are
creating a construction manual,
blank out the parts that are not
pertinent so only the subsection
in progress is visible. Then
repeat the process for the other
subsections, printing a new
diagram for each subsection
step. You might even consider
making the Scripsit file avail-
able to the kit builder so he can
use it for part location searches.

This technique can be used
for more than circuit board lay-
outs. You could use it to find a
numt>ered room in a hotel/plant
floorplan, a product in a ware-
house or grocery store aisle, a
gene sequence in a DNA seg-
ment, or a nebula in a star
chart. ■

80 Micro, May 1983 • 153

UTILITY

Pencil-Plus 2.0

by Dan Robinson

lectric Pencil 2.0 owners can expand its
capabilities to Include mix-and-match font
combinations, keyboard input, and much more.

Like many people, I waited eagerly
for the new version of Electric Pencil
from IJG and was disappointed to learn
that all of the features I really wanted
were scheduled to appear in future mod-
ules. Electric Pencil 2 is a fine program,
but there are many things it won't do.

If you're tired of waiting, try Pencil-
Plus 2. Designed to operate with Elec-
tric Pencil 2.0, Pencil-Plus 2.0 lets you
embed printer codes in the text while
you maintain proper line length. You
can choose from boldface, emphasized,
double-strike, wide, compressed or ital-
ic type fonts, and switch from one font
to another — even in headers. You can
maintain right justification and alter
format parameters by including format
lines in the text. You can change mar-
gins, line lengths, line spacing and right
justification, and Pencil-Plus supports
nonprinting comment lines, as well.

Expanded fonts are retained, line
after line, until they are reset by another
code in the text. They won't revert to
normal width at the end of each line on
the MX-80. Pencil-Plus saves the wide-
and compressed- font codes, outputs
normal margins, and then restores the
type font. Thus the left margin is evenly
maintained, regardless of the type font
selected.

Pencil-Plus supports mix-and-match
font combinations: normal, expanded-
154 • 80 Micro, May 1983

compressed, compressed, expanded,
boldface and double-strike fonts can
appear on one line. Characters not
found on the keyboard can be sent to
the printer. You can even print graph-
ics (if your printer supports block
graphics).

Text can be entered from the
keyboard during printout, prompted by
your ovm message on the screen, and
can contain up to 255 characters.
Keyboard text respects line and page
lengths; headers and page numbers are
right-justified if desired. Files chained
for printing retain the current header,
line count and page numbering so that
you can print lengthy documents.

Pencil-Plus supports conditional hy-
phens and will print them only if the
word must be broken at the end of a line.
Pencil-Plus also supports Electric Web-
ster's automafic hyphenation option.

Boilerplate paragraphs can be in-
serted in text to avoid repetitive typing.

Pencil-Plus supports file-merge; the
files can be of variable lengths, use the
field names that you select, and can be
created using Pencil-Plus. Line length
and right justification is maintained
with even variable-length fields, and
data can be inserted from the keyboard
to replace variable data within a line.

Chained, boilerplate and merge files
all recognize the default file extension of

/PCL, although any file extension is ok.
Pencil-Plus was written to work with
a standard copy of Electric Pencil 2.0,
using your own printer's control codes.
All changes have been made internally,
retaining the size of the text buffer and
the program's simplicity. To enable
easy recovery, every effort has been
made to anticipate the errors an inex-
perienced operator may make.

Operation

Call Pencil-Plus by pressing clear/2
when you are ready to print your docu-
ment. The Pencil-Plus menu is dis-
played on the screen, letting the user
select format options.

Pencil-Plus still contains parallel, se-
rial and RS-232 printer drivers, but re-
member that the commands for select-
ing the driver and setting baud rates are
contained in the normal print module
and should be set there. Better yet, set
them automatically with a setup file.

Control Character

The menu lets you elect to change the
character used by Pencil-Plus to per-

The Key Box

Model I or m
48KRAM

Assembly Language
Editor/ Assembler
NEWDOS (Model I or HI)
TRSDOS 2.3 (Model I)
TRSDOS (Model III with changes)

HAVE YOUR CAKE AND EAT IT TOO
WITH MICRO MAINFRAME

It has long boon stated that you cant have your cake and eal it too, bLJt MICRO MAINFRAME has now disprovon thai rumor.

If you purchase a MICRO MAINFRAME disk upgrade kit. you can still gel a good deal ONLY MICRO MAINFRAME has two double

density disk controllers to choose from

- Our FDC-3B Standard Grade controller is tor single sided disk operation only and does not provide for 8' disk operation

■ Our FDC-3C Premium Grade controller is for double sided and or 8 ' disk drives

BOTH COMPLETE DISK UPGRADE KITS INCLUDE THE TEC 5 SINGLE SIDED, DOUBLE DENSITY TEC DISK DRIVE. Double
sided drives will be available at extra cost 8' drives are available from a number of vendors Please order according lo the stock numbers
listed below.

DRIVE UPGRADE KIT INCLUDES CONTROLLER, SWITCHING

POWER SUPPLY, INSTALLATION KIT TEC DISK DRIVE AND
COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS.

FDC-3BKD iStandard Grade Conlroiler) S 349.95

FDC-3CKD I Premium Grade Coritroilnr) S 369.95

DISK CONTROLLER PC BOARDS ARE AVAILABLE AS FOLLOWS.

FDC-3B (Standard Gtade Conlrollor) S 79.95

FDC-3C iF-reiniuiii Grade Crjnirollor) S 99.95

CONTROLLER UPGRADE KIT (less, dnvei INCLUDES CONTROL-
LER, SWITCHING POWER SUPPLY. INSTALLATION KIT AND
COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS.

FDC-3BK {Slandard Grade Contfoller) S 179.95

FDC-3CK iPromium Grade Controller) S 199.95

MODEL-IN * COMPUTER COMPLETE WITH DUAL TEC DISK
DRIVES, 48K RAM, AND A MICRO MAINFRAME FACTORY IN-
STALLED DISK UPGRADE KIT

M32-I Model-Ill- • with FDC-3BKD . . S1495.00
M32-2 r^odel-lll ■■• with FDC-3CKD S1595,00

THE NEW DS-1 A DATA SEPARATOR IS NOW AVAILABLE AND GIVES SUPERIOR DATA SEPARATION AND EXTENDS 8 DISK OPERATION TO
ALMOST ANYONE S DISK CONTROLLER!

If you are having difficulty With your disk controller, the problem may bethedala separator Micro IVlainframe can provide data separation you need, and, on
selected controllers, we can give you 8' disk capability for FREE'

DS-1 A Dala Separator , S 39.95

\NHAT IS DIFFERENT ABOUT THE MICRO MAINFRAME CONTROLLER?

MICRO MAINFRAME controll(;rs have tealLires other manufacturers
haven t yet thought of

MICRO MAINFRAME products have been proven over the longest

period of [imeol any in the industry and are stale of the art. Thanks to

our rifgh volume production, we can offer the highest qualify pioducls
at the most competitive price in the industry

EVERY MICRO MAINFRAME CONTROLLER PRODUCED HAS
INCLUDED GOLD PLATED CARD EDGE CONNECTORS FOR
INCREASED RELIABILITY AT NO EXTRA COST

MICRO MAINFRAME IS FIRST TO USE THE STATE OF THE ART
9216 DATA SEPARATOR (FDC-3C ONLY). We have proven this
dala separator lot a full year atid have used it beginning with the very

lirst FDC-3C disk cofitrollei Unlike other controllers, NO ADJUST-
MENTS ARE EVER REQUIRED TO OUR DATA SEPARATOR,

MICRO MAINFRAME IS FIRST TO PROVIDE FOR 8 DISK OP-
ERATION ON BOTH OUR FDC-3A and FDC-3C MODELS.

MMF GIVES YOU A SYSTEM THAT CAN GROW WITH YOUR

NEEDS. Irom lloppy disk systo'Tis lo folate of the art hard disk systems
with full roc and Ihe industry s only SASI Multiplexer with our SASI-
Nbl ■

MMF s NEW 24 PAGE INSTALLATION MANUAL IS SECOND TO
NONE. Installing a disk upgrade kit from MICRO MAINFRAME is now
easiot than ever before.

WHO IS MICRO MAINFRAME?
MICRO MAINFRAME is the oldest and rnost respected after-inarket manufactur(!r of floppy disk controllers for the Model-Ill ■' *

MICRO MAINFRAME has more experience in floppy and hard disks than any other manufacturer, and we are producing our now-tamous FDC-3 series of

disk conttollers for the third year

MICRO MAINFRAME has sold thousands of corHrollers to inany OFMs who have marketed MMF controllers as Ihoir own unit

HOW/ DO I ORDER?

In order lo provide Ihe lowest possible price to the eitd usei MICRO MAINFRAME does not accept credit cards You may either pre-pay your shipment or
we will ship COD All orders over S600 require a 10 deposit upon placement All non-cedified funds will be held a minimum of 3 weeks lo allow them to
cleat Shipping and liandling charges are extra and arc not included in the prices above MODEL-llt -• COMPUTERS are shipped by truck only Please
phone MMF lo obtain shipping and handling fees to your location

ACCEPT NOTHING LESS THAN THE BEST INSIST UPON GENUINE MICRO MAINFRAME QUALITY PRODUCTS. Micro Mainframe has a complete
line of products for Ihe TI^S 80 ' cnnoLit'T svslem C\!'l in wnte for oui descnpiive flyei

DEALER INQUIRIES SOLICITED ON YOUR PRINTED LETTERHEAD ONLY.

Phone orders are accepted only between 8 30 AM and b 00 PM Pacific lime

MICRO MAINFRAME

11325 Sunrise Gold Circle

Building E

Rancho Cordova, CA 95670

(916) 635-3997

<FJl<FM00i<FL063

<PE<PG<PXPENCIL-PLUS<PF<PH<P«

Thl« 1ft an ■Kjifflpla □■f <PQ<PEPENCIL-PLUS<PH<PF u»d with
<P4El»ctric Pancil 2.0<P5. . <PG<PEPENCIL-PLUS<PH<PF parmita

Mritara to imbad printar codaa Mhila maintaining tha propar
Una langth Mith bold face, emphaslzad, daubla-atri ke or
di^farant typa ^onta avan in haadara.

With the<PQ<PE PENCIL-PLUS<PH<PF anhancamant, right
juatlf icatian can ba maintainad, avan with ambaddad printar
codas. Format paramatars can be altarad by including format

1 inea in tha text.
<FM016<FL043<FS2

Marglna, lina langtha, llna apaclng and right
juati ficatl an may al «□ ba changad. For thi a paragraph , tha
margin was set at 16 and the line langth at 43 with double
spaci ng.
<Ft1006<FL063<FSl

lupporta non-printing coinmant

<PG<PEPENCIL-PLUS<PH<PF
1 inas.

<FBthiB ia a comment lina.
<FL031

<P"/.ExpandBd fonta Mill ba ratainad, Una a+ter Una,
until raaat by another code in the tent, and Mill not revert to
normal width at tha end of each line on the MX-SO.
<FL10B

<P* <P (Comprasaad fonts will alao be maintained from one

line to the next until turned off by a print code in the text.
The left margin will ba maintained evenly, regardlaaa of the
type font being employad.
<FL054

<P7.<P(Compri

af ter 1 i ne.
<P»<P)

<FM006<FL059

taad-axpandad combinationa will print lini

mix-and-match

<PB<PEPENCIL-PLUS<PF<PH aupporta

comblnationa:

^^orm«l ';P7.<Ple>!pandBd-compre«aBd<P» cQmprea»«d<P)

<PXaxpanded<P» <PE<PQhoIdf •ce<PF<PH.
<FL063

Characters not on the keyboard may ba aant to the printer, such
as <G123<Q124<Q12S<G126<G091<B092<B093<B094<B095<B09i and even
graphics may be printed.

Text may be entered from tha keyboard during printout,
prompted by your oMn message on the screen , and may contain up
to 2SS characters. Keyboard text will respect line and page
lengths, headers and page numbers and will ba rlght-juatlf led
if that option mas selected.
':FX = Try some keyboard input.

Files may be chained for printing, and will retain the
current header, lina count and page numbering.

This is the last lina in Samplal/PCL.
<FC=SAMPLE2

This IS the first line of Sample2/PCL,

Conditional hyphens are supported with

<PG<PEPENCIL-PLUS<PH<PF, and will print only if tha word must
be broken at tha end of a line. Try printing tha following
line Mith di f f erent spacing at it's begl nningi

This sentence ia just one example of tha uaa of
con<Hdi<Htion<Hal hv<Hphens during printing.

Boilerplate paragraphs may ba Inaerted Into tha text,
permitting standard paragraphs to be printed without rapatltlva
typing. The following paragraph comes from SampleA/PCL:
<F*Sample4-100

<PG<PEPENCIL-PLUS<PH<PF also aupporta file-merge. The
marged files may ba of variable length, uaing the field names
which you aalect and may themselves be created using
<PG<PEPENCIL-PLUS<PH<PF. Line length and right j uatl f ication
will be maintained with even variable-length fielda, and data
may ba inserted from the keyboard to replace variable data
within a I ine.

Chained, boilerplate and marge files all recognize a
default file extension of '/PCL.'

<PB<PEPENCIL-PLUB<PH<PF is written to work with a
standard copy of <P4Elactric Pancil 2,0, <P3 ualng your own
printer's control codes. All changas have been made internally
so that tha size of the text buffer ia not reduced, and tha
original program's ease of operation has been retained.

Fig. /. Sample Pencil-Pius Fife

form desired tasks. The default charac-
ter is <; change it by typing PC and the
new character.

Pencil-Plus uses this control charac-
ter along with a letter key to begin and
end several functions:

• <F begins a format line

• <P sends a printer code

• <G sends a graphics code

• <H is a conditional hyphen

• <D begins a data field for file merge

• <E ends the data field

The letter following the control char-
acter can be upper- or lowercase. If a
control character is inadvertently typed
without one of these letters following it,
the control character will be ignored
and the following character will be con-
verted to uppercase signalling the error.
See the section on advanced operations
for more information.

The Format Line

Formal commands determine how a
document appears when printed as text,
and are used to signal several means of
typing in data during printout. Since the
results might not be satisfactory if items
such as the line length were changed in
the middle of a line, you must enter for-
mat commands on separate lines. The
only way to ensure that the format com-
mand is at the beginning of a line is to
precede it with a carriage return.

A letter following the format com-
mand tells Pencil-Plus what you expect
it to do. It may be either upper- or
lowercase.

• <fLnnn sets the line length.

• <fMnnn sets the left margin.
•<fSn sets the line spacing.

• <fjn turns right justification on or
off.

• <fC loads and prints a chain file.

• <fX permits entry from the key-
board.

• <f* loads and prints a boilerplate
paragraph.

• <f and any other character is inter-
preted as a nonprinting comment line.

The n represents a number. Three
numbers are required to set the left
margin or the line length; they can be
padded with a leading zero if necessary.
A single digit sets line spacing and one
digit turns justification on or off.

Several format parameters can ap-
pear on the same line, separated by for-
mat symbols. The following example sets
the line length to 50, turns justification
on, sets double spacing, specifies a margin
of 15 and prompts for keyboard input:

<fL050<fJl<IS2<fMOI5<fX = Insert a paragraph

Any number of format lines can be

Continua oa p. 160

156 • 80 Micro, May 1983

TRSso

In the
center ring

MOOfi.
/

Model
///

GREAT PROGRJWIS

DELIVERED ON DISK OR TAPE

WHILE KEEPING YOUR

BUDGET BALANCED!!!

Hurry, hurry! Put a little variety into your computing life! Step riglnt up to
the quality programs from CLOAD Magazine — and have enough
money left over for cotton candy!

A subscription to CLOAD Magazine consists of 6 to 8 ready-to-load
useful, practical, and fun programs delivered by First Class Mail every
month. Some of our past performers: Loan Amortization, Menu, Ship
Adventure, Bond, Cave Raider, Planets, and Shrink.

Don't clown around (another cliche 1). Get a subscription to CLOAD
Magazine. Orjust catch a single act and try a back issue. You'll be
dazzled by the Greatest Software Deal on Earth!

The Bottom Line:

T^pe

Disk

I year (12 issues)

S50 00

S95 00

6 monrhs (6 issues)

S30 00

S55 00

Single Copies

Back Issues

S 6 00

sn 00

Good Games #1

5)2 00

S23.00

Adventures # I

S)200

S23Q0

The Fine Print:

Issues from Oct 78 available on tape Issues from
Oct 82 available on disk, also Ask for list
(Level I issues also available)

California residents add 6% to single copies.
North America — First Class postage included
Overseas — add SIO to subscriptions and SI to
single copies. Sent AO rate.

MasterCard /Visa
P.O. Box 1448
Santa Barbara,
CA 93102
(805 J 962-6271

^ 102

If you have a Radio Shack Color Computer or TOP System 100 there is
Chromasette Magazine with programs on tape especially tailored for

^AtaffiflftflcK

your system.

P.O. Box 1087. Santa Barbara, CA93102 (805)963-1066

•"Satt Lial ol Athftifn on Page 371

m Micro. May 1983 • 157

Program Listing

62B2 CDA263

01170

CALL

NUH0

62B5 3AAC52

BllBB

A, (CHAR)

B01BB

62B8 32A53D

0119B

{3DA5H) ,A

B011B

* PCLPLUS2/ASH PENCIL07/SYS OVERLAV *

62BB FE2B

012BB

20H

00120

* LOADS 6200H TO 6FFFH •

62BD CCF365

B121B

CALL

Z, ALTER

eB13B

62C0 861C

81220 CLEAR

B,1CH

eB14B

* •

62C2 21613F

01230

HL,3F61H

eB15B

* TO MODIFY PENCIL/CMD FOR USE WITH PCLPt.0S2: •

62C5 E5

B1240

PUSH

BB160

• 1. SET DEBUG ON *

62C6 362B

01250 CLRl

[HD ,20H

BB17e

» 2. TYPE 'PENCIL' TO LOAD PENCIL/CMD *

62ce 23

01268

INC

BBIBB

• 3, CHANGE 6659H FROM 88 TO 87 •

62C9 10FB

81278

DJNZ

CLRl

0B19B

• 4. TYPE '04020' TO RETURN TO DOS *

62CB El

012BB

POP

80200

• 5. USE DUMP COMMAND TO SAVE PENCIL/CMD •

62CC 36BF

B1Z9B

(HL) ,BFH

B021B

* START-52FBH END-668FH ENTRY-62B1H •

e2CE 3E0e

B13BB

A,0BH

BB22B

* ti

62D8 CDB553

81318

CALL

5305H

BB23B

* TO SAVE PCLPLUS PARAMETERS AS DEFAULTS: *

62D3 2A2E52

8132B

HL, (52ZEH]

0B24B

* 1. FROH PENCIL, ENTER PRINT MENU *

62D6 7E

B133B

A,{HL)

BB2SB

• 2. ENTER DESIRED VALUES FROM PRINT MENU *

62D7 218808

81340

HL,0088H

0B2GB

* 3. ENTER DESIRED VALUES FROM PCLPLUS HEKU *

62DA B7

01350

0B27B

* 4. ENTER DESIRED VALUES FROH SYSTEM MENU •

62DB CA2A66

01360

Z, PRINT

BB28B

* 5. FROM SYSTEM MENU, TYPE 'SETUP' *

62DE 2A2E52

01370

BL, (522EH)

BB29B

62E1 8683

01380

B,03H

003BB

G2E3 7E

B139B LOOKUP

A,{HL)

00310

A *

62E4 FE60

81488

eoH

B032B

• TO USE PCLPLUS WITH SERIAL OR TRS-232 DRIVERS •

62E6 3883

01410

C,L00K2

Be330

• SET PARAMETERS FROM PRINT MENU AND SAVE WITH *

62E8 E63F

01420

AND

5FH

0B34B

* SETUP. •

62EA 77

01430

(HL) ,A

BB350

62EB 23

01448 LO0K2

INC

00360

* CALL THE PCLPLUS MENU WITH <CLEAR> 2 *

62EC 1BF5

01450

DJNZ

LOOKUP

00370

* •

62EE B6BC

0146B

B,12

0B3BB

62F8 2A2E52

01470

HL,{522EH)

6200

BB4BB

ORG 628BEI

62F3 5E

014B0

E,(BL)

G2BB

BB41B

DEFB B7

62F4 23

81490

INC

6201

CDC901

BB420

CALL B1C9H

62F5 56

01580

D, (HL)

62B4

21BB3C

00430

LD KL,3CB0H

62F6 EB

B151B

DE,HL

6207

CD9663

00440

CALL DRWONE

62F7 11060B

01520

DE,8B06H

62BA

0B45B

EX DE.HL

62FA DD212D6B

B153B

IX, LIST

62eB

00460

INC DE

62FE DD7E88

81548 LO0K3

A,(IX+BBH)

62ec

BGIE

BB47B

LD C , 1 EH

6381 BD

8155B

62BE

21CA63

00480

LD KL.PPMEHU

6382 2886

81568

NZ,LO0K4

6211

EDBB

0049B

LDIR

63B4 DD7E01

81578

A,(IX+81H)

6213

B05B0

INC DE

6307 BC

015BB

6214

0B510

EX DE.HL

63B8 281A

B159B

Z,LO0K6

6215

CD9e63

0B52B

CALL DRWONE

G30A DD19

B16B0 LOOK4

ADD

IX, DE

621B

0606

00530

LD B,0 6H

630C 10F0

01618

DJNZ

LO0K3

621A

21E:B63

00540

LD HLrPRMENU

630E ED5B2E52

B1620

DE, (522EH)

621D

1H93C

00558

LD DE,3C49H

6312 21B000

01638

HL,0BBBH

6220

0B56B D5PLAY PUSH BC

6315 lA

81648 LOOK5

A,(DE)

6221

B0570

PUSH DE

6316 13

81658

INC

6222

B114BB

B0580

LD BC,0014H

6317 CDF952

01660

CALL

52F9H

6225

EDBB

BB590

LDIR

631A 38F9

01670

C,LO0K5

6227

BEBB

BB600

LD C.BBH

631C 7D

016B0

A,L

6229

0B61B

EX DE,HL

631D B4

01690

622A

BB620

ADD HL,BC

G31E 2B3C

01700

Z.INPEHR

622B

0B63B

EX DE,HL

6320 2B

B171B

DEC

622C

0E16

0B64B

LD C,16H

6321 C32A66

01720

622E

EDBB

00650

LDIR

6324 DD7E02

81738 L00K6

A, [IX + B2H)

6230

00660

POP DE

6327 DD6EB4

81740

L, (ix>04h;

6231

0E40

00670

LD C,4eH

632A DD66B5

81750

H, (IX + 05H)

6233

00680

EX DE,HL

632D B7

01768

6234

0B69B

ADD HL,BC

632E ZBBl

01770

NZ, GETCMD

6235

0B700

EX DE.HL

633B E9

81780

(HL)

6236

0B71B

POP BC

6331 ED5B2B52

01790 GETCMD

DE,(522EH)

6237

1BE7

BB72B

DJNZ DSPLAY

6335 13

01800

INC

6239

21C03D

0B73B

LD HL,3DCBH

6336 13

01810

INC

623C

B63F

00740

LD B,3FH

6337 E5

01820

PUSH

623E

CD9863

BB75B

CALL DRWTWO

6338 210008

01830

HL,BBBBH

6241

21E464

BB760

LD HL.INSTLN

633B lA

01B40 GETCKI

A, (DE)

6244

0E2E

00770

LD C,2EH

633C 13

01B50

IKC

6246

11493E

00780

LD DE,3E49H

6330 CDF952

01B60

CALL

52F9H

6249

EQB0

BB7 9B

LDIR

6340 38F9

01870

CGETCMl

624B

211265

0B800

LD HL.CNDLIN

6342 7C

01880

A,H

624E

0EB8

BB81B

LD C,B8H

6343 B7

01890

62SB

11583F

B0e2B

LD DE,3F58H

6344 2016

01900

NZ, INPERR

6253

EDBB

BBB3B

LDIR

6346 DD7EB2

01910

A,iIX+BZH)

6255

3AAE52

BBB5B

3I5NUM LD A, (52AEH}

6349 BD

01920

625B

F63B

BBB6B

OR 30H

634A 3Blfl

01930

C, INPERR

625A

32463C

0BB70

LD I3C46H},A

634C DD7E03

01940

A, (IX + B3H)

6250

3AAF52

00880

LD A, ( 52AFH)

634F B7

01950

626B

F63B

00890

OR 3BH

6358 2B84

01960

Z,GETCM2

6262

32653C

B090B

LD (3C65H) ,A

6352 3D

01970

DEC

6265

3ABB52

00910

LD A,(52B0H)

6353 BD

019BB

6268

21863C

0B920

LD !!L,3CBeH

6354 3886

B199B

NC, INPERR

626B

CD9F63

0B930

CALL NUMBER

6356 7D

B2BB0 GETCM2

A,L

G26E

3AB152

0B940

LD A, (52B1H)

6357 El

82018

POP

6271

F63B

0B950

OR 30H

6358 77

82B2B

(HL) ,A

6273

32A53C

00960

LD (3CA5H) ,A

6359 035562

B2B30

DISNUH

6276

3AB252

00970

LD A, (52B2H)

635C 811308

02040 INPERR

BC,0ei3H

6279

21C63C

00980

LD HL,3CC6[1

635F 116A3F

02050

DE,3F6AH

627C

CD9F63

B099B

CALL NUMBER

6362 211A65

02060

HL,ERRTXT

627F

3AB352

B1BB0

LD A,(52B3H)

6365 EDBB

02070

LDIR

62B2

F63B

BIBIB

OR 3BH

6367 CD6888

82080

CALL

0B60H

62B4

32E53C

B1B2B

LD (3CE5H) ,A

636A 3A7F38

82B9B WAIT

A,[3B7FH)

62B7

3A3452

01030

LD A,(52B4H]

636D B7

821BB

628A

21B63D

01B4B

LD E1L,3D06H

e3eE 2BFA

02110

Z,WAIT

628D

CD9F63

01B50

CALL NUMBER

6370 C3C862

02120

CLEAR

6290

3AB652

01B60

LD A, (52B6H]

6373 ED5BZE52

02130 PAGNUH

DE, (522EH)

6293

21463D

01B70

LD HL,3D46H

6377 13

02140

IHC

6296

CD9F63

01BB0

CALL NUMBER

6378 13

02150

INC

6299

3ABB52

01B9B

LD A, (52BBH}

6379 21BB0B

02160

HL,B000H

629C

21B63D

81100

LD HL,3DB6H

637C lA

02170 PAGNM2

A,(DE1

629F

CD9F63

81110

CALL NUMBER

637D 13

02180

INC

62A2

3ABD52

B112B

LD A, (52aDH)

637E CDF952

02190

CALL

52F9H

62A5

21253D

81130

LD HL,3D25II

6381 3BF9

02200

C,PAGNM2

eihB

CD9F61

01140

CALL NUMBER

63 B3 22BA52

02210

(52aAH] ,HL

G2AB

ED5BBA52

011S0

LD DE, (B2BAH)

63BG C355e2

02220

DISNUM

62AF

21653D

01160

LD HL,3D65H

Lming coniinues

158 • 80 Micro. May 1983

All Systems Fully Menu Driven • Supplied on TRSDOS System Diskette
USER FRIENDLY • Insert Diskette. Reset and GO!

LYNN'S PAYROLL SYSTEM
Complete Payroll Calculation and Record Keeping

CALCULATES

■ F i.O • Fvdaral 4 »tai* niihholdlng tiJi • Four mlKillaoMMJi dtducllona ■ Dtductlont ■■ ptrctnlag* ol gio** Magvi
o' liasd aotlBt amounl • Hourly or talahvd pay tcMas • Stratghl Mir*. Iim* A ■ half and doubl* llm*

PRINTS

• Yaar TaDala Ouarlvr TaDala irKl Parlod To Dal« lotali • All amplornt by numtwr or alphaballcally • Crwcha ar»d
chsch titibs ■ OalA lor quanarly raporla ■ Cunani A y*Ar (o-dala lolalt ot\ Mubt • W2 lormt • S*nH»* chack lo align
prtntsr

MAINTAINS

• Up lo 10 dspanrTMnli • Saparat* alala arid l*d«tal taa aivrnpllon »latut • Ti ampkiyaaa on 1 tflth driva ayatam ■ 300
•rnploy*** an 2 disk drIva airalam

QUICKLY AND EASILY CHANGED

• From ailBllrg payfoll tft\»iv • EmplByM dMa • Padoral wHhhotdtng la> laMva ■ F I C.A. p«re«ftlag» arwl b«a* •fnounl

PLUS

• Opitonal aalar^ ovarrtd* • E>ainpik>n Ifom «tai* A ladmai wHhPtoldIng laji 91 ailowarKa o( additional wItWnldtng •
PiadolaiinlnMl aut* MlthhokHng tai labiaa - Sama chacha at LYNNS CHECK REGISTER SYSTEM

LYNNS ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE SYSTEM

INDICATES

• Am totala rHjmtMr ol Involcat oulalandlng, and av*raQ« po' Invoica • Numbo* ol opvn involCM por accounl. total amounl
owod. dalo and involc* amount • Monlhly *m>»* on an account numbor ot Invotcaa aanl and avwago aala pot Involco •
MoniM)! pwcantaga of account aataa lo total mIos * Parc«niag« ol ar account lo A.'R

PRINTS

• InirolcM ond •lal*m«nta • Aging raporla (CurionuaoeOAaWW) * I - All Itoma to<d for month • All accounia by numbor
or alphabailcally

PLUS

• Handioa 1200 accounla • Cuatom modlflcallofl poaaiblo by pou or ua '

LYNN'S CHECK REGISTER SYSTEM

PRINTS

■ Chochf with option to anior rundwrlltan chocfca • Hardcopy ot tMId tolaU both by month, yoar tcMlala mmI ft ond •
Hardcopy ol chockbooh raglitai • Alphabattcal hardcopy of payoat i«/»ccounl nurabari • Roconclllatlon atatonwnl

MAINTAINS

■ 1000 crwcha por month * 300 •»^n%m liatda • Ctwching •^count bolanco

PIUS

- Atitomattc accounl nurabortrtg • Automatic tl«ld ontry • Oobit and crodtt mamo •niry ■ Hocotk Illation ol bank
■latamoflta • Sama cftachi at LYNN'S PAYROLL SYSTEM

$79.00 each (plus $5.00 shipping per order^ or all 3 for S200.00 (we pay shipping)

Illinois residents please add 5.25% sales tax

Documentation & Sample printoutsfSIO.OO per system/credit available on first order

DESIGNED FOR TRS 80 MODEL 111 4eK 2 DISK DRIVES & LINE PRINTER

Payroll Calculation & Tabulation Program Cassette Available for

TRS-80 PC-1 Pocket Computer $9.95 Complete

insMBnn Tawoa*'* '»wtUA*'i9' rate c^r

OQBKiDaiaiiiiiiiifliiiii

■ ■■■■■■aQCiQDiDnaBHLiuianHHa .^^

■ ■ ■

F*EIMC: I l_ — R'LLJS

This 1^ an e.idmple of PEMCIL-PLU8 used with Electric
Pencil 2.0. , PENCIL-PLUS permits writers to imbed printer
codes while maintainina the proper line 1 ength with bald-face,

emphasj zed, doLible-strile ar different type fonts ev'en in

headers.

With the PENCIL— PLUS enhancemE?nt, riqht justification
can be maintai ned . even wi th embedded printer codes. Format
parameters can be altered by including format lines in the
tej:t.

harqin^. line length^;, line spacing

and riqht justification may also be

[ihctnqed. Far this paragraph, the margin

was set at li and the line length at 43

with double spacing.

PENCIL— PLUS supports non-pr int i ng comment I i nes.

until i^^^^t bv" ^»ri€r>th-»^r^ e^cacd^ in

tt-i^ t^:-;t_ <=«r~icd tr-jill nest i — ^\^^t^ -tL

"ten n€=»i^m^X i*viicdtl~i ft.'tL th^ ^nd C3-F

es£^c:|-t lir-t^ CDn th^ MX — SO-

CiMprHitf (nnti Kill ilia bf uinttincd froi one lint to th* niit until turneil oH by i print rode in
the te>t. T^( lift Hrqin «ill bt Mintiincd tvtnly, rtgirdlKi of the typE font btirtf iiplDyid.

Compressed-expanded cambinations will print
line after line.

PENCIL— PLUS supports mi .-.-and -match combi nat i ons:
Normal ex panded-conpr essed coiprtsEtd ^ >: ps fi r-i cd c? cd boldfaca.

Characters not on the keyboard may he sent to the printer, such
as IIJTX]' _' and even graphics may be printed.

Te.; t may be entered from the t'eyboard dur i ng pri ntout ,
prompted by your awn message on the screen, and may contain up
to 255 characters. teyboard teKt will respect line and page

lengths, headers and page numbers and will be riqht-justified
if that opt ion was sel ect ed .

This tB::t is from the leyboard, and may he up to 255
characters m length.

Fi 1 es may be chained for printing, ^nd will retain the
current header, line count and page numbering.

This la the last line m Samp 1 e 1 /P'CL.

This IS the first line of Sampl el'/PCL.

Conditional hyphens are supported with PENCIL-PLUS, and
will print only if the word must be broken at the end of a
line. Try printing the following line with different spacing
at it's beginning:

This sentence is just one e;: ample of the use of candi-
tional hyphens during printing.

Boilerplate paragraphs may be inserted into the te;;t.
permitting standard paragraphs to be printed without repetitive
typing. The following paragraph comes from Sflmple4/PCL:

This IS a test of a BDILERPLftTE paragraph. It can be
written as a portion of a file and then loaded by a command
included within a format line. The Boi lerplate paragraph will
be print ed up to the first carnage-return and then printing
will resume at the place where it left off in the original
te>;t. The file containing the Boilerplate paragraph may

con tain many standard paragraphs. The selection may be made by
prefixing each boilerplate paragraph with a line which contains
a three digit number followed bt an asterisk and a cs,rria.qe
return. The boilerplate command in the te^t will begin with
the format sign immediately followed by the filename containing
the boilerplate paragraph. If no file e>;tension is used, it
will be assumed as '/PCL'. After the filename will be an

eguals sign and then the three-digit code terminated by a
carriage return,

PENCIL— PLUS also supports fil e-merge. The merged f i ) es
may be of variable 1 ength , using the field names which you
select and may themselves be created using PENCIL— PLUS. Line

length and right justification will be maintained with even
varlable-1 ength fields, and data may be inserted from the
keyboard to replace variable data within a line.

Chained, boilerplate and merge files all recognize a
default file extension of '/PCL.'

PENCIL— PLUS is written to work with a standard copy of
El ectric Penc il 2.0, using your own print er's control codes.
fill changes have been made internally so that the size of the
text buffer is not reduced, and the original program's ease of
operation has been retained.

Fig. 2. Result of Fig. I

160 • 80 Micro. May 1983

Conlinued from p. 156

placed in the text; they can follow one
after the other if necessary.

Chain Files

The chain file command permits the
loading and printing of another file from
disk. Pencil-Plus will retain any current
header, and will continue page spacing
and numbering as though the chained file
were part of the original text . Chain print-
ing is particularly useful in preparing long
documents, such as technical manuals.

The chain character should be followed
by an equals sign and the file specification
of the file to be chained:

<fC = FILESPEC/DOC

Any file extension can be used. If none
is given, /PCL will be assumed. If the file
is not found , the screen will be cleared and
display:

FILE NOT FOUND

PRESS <ENTER> WHEN CORRECTED

Insert the disk containing the file to be
chained in the drive and press enter to
load and print the file. If the file is not
found because of an improper file specifi-
cation, or if the name of the file that you
intended to chain is not known, press
break to return to the text display. You
can then read or correct the filespec. Posi-
tion the cursor over the format character
of the chain command, and resume print-
ing as though no error had taken place.

Keyboard Input

Interrupt the printing of a document
for entry from the keyboard by follow-
ing the format command with an X, an
equals sign, and an optional prompt
message. The command can resemble;

<fX = Input data about wigit sales

When the printer reaches this line, it
stops and sounds a bell code to alert the
operator. The screen clears and the
user's prompt line appears on the
screen.

Up to 255 characters can be entered
from the keyboard. When the enter key
is pressed, the text from the keyboard
will be printed followed by the remain-
ing text in the file. While the text will
not be formatted on the screen as it nor-
mally appears with Electric Pencil, it
will be properly formatted during print-
out; line and page lengths, headers and
page numbers will be respected.

The following command can be used
to interrupt printing at the end of a
paragraph to change daisy wheels, ad-
dress an envelope or perform any other

Conlinues on p. 164

Scanned by Ira GoldWang - www trs-80 com

ZIPPY"

^ECONOMICAL" 5MEG. SPEED UP for
the TRS-80 Model III.

'6900

EASY INSTALLATION and
RELIABLE OPERATION

Plug "ZIPPY" Into your
Z-80 Socket and Connect 2 Wires

'"UPGRADE"

your
TRS-80 Model III
to a *^DISK DRIVE SYSTEM"

* 39900

Everything you need

■ Disk Drive

■ Controller Board - 5"& 8"

■ Mtg. Brackets

■ Power Supply & Cables

!! DISK DRIVES !!

R E M E X PREMIUM QUALITY DISK DRIVES

— AT STANDARD QUALITY PRICES — ■

40-Track, Single Sided, QDl, 5ms. step $185Po bore

40-Track, Double Sided, DD., 5 ms. step ^248S>o bare

Case & Supply $49.00

"COLOR"

TRS-80 Models I&BI

- 16 Brilliant Colors

- 192 X 256 Hi-Rez. Graphics
• 2 Joystick Ports

■ Color Basic (Permits color commands
Irom Basic)

•COMPLETE KIT- includes --
Board & Manual • Parts Kit

Power Supply

Cables

Video Modulator • Enclosure

^ 149P0

"'doubler"

for

TRS-80 Mod. I

- *99PO

MDX ^ .

- - Expansion

LNW " '"'•'■'oces

MICRO-
DESIGN'

"Sales & Service"

MDX-2
MDX-3
MDX-4
MDX- 5
MDX- 6

Board & Manual
$ 74.95

$ 74.95

$ 29.95

$49j95

$ 49.95

Parts Kit
$189.00

$ 169.00

$40X>0

$79.00

$ 69.00

Enclosure for MDX-2 $45.00

Character
Generator

M8.00

Mod- 1

True Lower Case Decenders

PtOGilsSSiViS i:LiSCii()NIC5

TRADEMARKSt

537 East Main st.
Lancaster, Ohio 43130

Phone: 614-687-1019

Hours 9 to 5 . . 'viSA* * M.C.*

..' 143

.^.Cmi ( Ixt nt Advartlamra on Paa» 371

80 Micro, May 1983 « 161

Definitely THE BEST of the space
games for tfie TRS-80'MOO l/lll

* 1 ,2 or 3 SliULUNEIUS play*rs!

• Each piloting a seperate space ship

* Incredibly realistic graphics!
ir Fast arcade responce!

* Options individually selected!

■ Meteors • Blackholfl Gravity

■ Flying Saiicers ■ Objects & Mines

■ Bounce or Wrap-Around Screen

• Weapons: Missiles or Lasers

* Difficulty options selectable!

• « o( Saucers ■ Saucer Speed

• Space Ship Power • Gravity Force

■ Meteor Speed ■ Fuel Supply

• Weapon Supply • Laser Length
■k Sophisticated ship controls!

• Variable thrust level ■ Rotation • Flip

• Fire left or right barrel • Hyperspace

* Cooperative or Competitive!

• Numerous scoring options

• 1 player can fly 2 ships -1 with each hand'
if Alpha S TrtMUck compataM* '*' Sound

32K Dish S29 95 ex ^6K Tape S26 95

Speedy MOD I or Ml 22 pagts manual irvcluded

Calilornta restdenis add 6% salas tax

Outside USA (except Canada) add SIO 00

SOFT SYSTEMS
& CONSULTING

RKADSAU.

Reads any single or double donsHy

DOS axcopt Tandy Modol I doubt* dontity.

SCRKEN EDITOR

Atmoil sDmlnalM typing with diroct

acroon adltar.

MULTIPLE SEARCH

Siring lesrch any combination at

lonors through any fioM.

SORTS

Sort on any tloM (1 000 flloi in 9 Mconds).

INDEX

Cross Index on any tiotd instantly'

SCROLLS
Scroll 4 ways In 2 different formats.

FREE SMCE

Automattcally ksspa track of file

names free space, date, and disc nsme.

REMARKS

Alhms 25 cfiaracter remarlis on

•sch (Me (can even sort and string

saarch them).

FASTEST

Every function iworhs instantly

(•xcopl sort).

PfUNTEH

Custom prtnl driver.

EASIEST ■'^^

Easy! All single key commands.

•■ndSae.sa SB.00 •Mpvtng Ik aT«1 W. Owtor Ortva
MmOOUCTONT HHCI IMr«H. M. ««1>1

USOOIdMCkariMMfartv) XS-SeS-WtS

raeiilr— ♦•>. apaaWy We^el I
•rill

'^edSoft

I aluif conlinued

6389 EDSB2E52

6380 13

C3BB 13

63 BF lA

63»l 32ACS3

6393 C35562

6396 ■6IF

639B 3EBC

639A 77

G39B 23

639C IIFC

639E C9

e39F 16Bfl

63A1 5F

63A2 7B

G3A1 h2

63A4 2185

63Ae 3639

63AB ZB

63A9 1B17

63AB E5

63AC CDiE53

63AF 113452

63B2 B6FF

63B4 lA

63B5 >4

63B6 B7

63B7 13

63BS 28FA

63BA El

63BB IB

63BC IB

63BD lA

e3BE 77

63BF 2B

G3CI IBFA

G3C:2 8684

G3C4 3628

63C6 2B

63C7 IBFB

63C9 C9

63CA 54

4B A5 28
52 49 43
49 4C 2D
4D 45 4E

CSeS 52

47 4B 54
46 59 28
31 2B 3B

63rC 4B

41 «C 54
45 44 28

31 21 20
fi412 4C

45 46 54
49 4E 28

32 15 35
642« 4C

46 45 44
4F 4E 28

31 28 28
e43C 4C

49 4E 45
54 4B 28

32 35 35
6458 43

52 54 4E
4F 4C 28
31 2B 2B
6466 4C

49 4E 45
4E 47 28

82238
82248
B225B
82268
B2278
B2Z88
B2298
82318
82318
82328
B213I
82348

■ 2351
82368
8237B
823BB
82398

■ 2488

■ 2411

■ 2428
8243B

■ 2441

■ 2458
82468
8247B
82488
82498
825B8
B251B
82528
82538
82548
B255B

■ 2568

■ 2578

■ 2588

■ 2598

■ 2G^^

■ 26 IB

■ 262B
82638
826 4B
45 4C
28 5B
58 4C
55 28
B2G5B
28 4A
2B 52

826GB
2B 4G
2B 48
21 21

B2678
2B 4D
21 4C

826 88

28 4F
28 4C
28 28
B2G98

IB 4C
2B 4C

827BB

2B 4P
2B 43
2> 28

82718
28 53
21 4C

DRHOHE
DRWTWO

DmrniR

NUMBER
NUMB

NUH2

HUM 4
MUK5

PPMEMU
45 43
45 4E
55 53

IHC

INC

DJHZ

RET

DEC

PUSH

CALL

IKC

IHC

POP

DEC

DJNI

DEC

DJNI

RET

DEPH

PRMENU DePM
55 53 54
4A 3B 2D

4D 46 45
46 3^ 2D

DE,I522EH)

Ar{DE)

(CHAR) ,A

DISNUK

B,^FH

A,BCH

(HL) ,A

DRWTHR

D,88H

E,A

A,E

NZ.HUMl

(HLl ,38H

HUH 4

53BEH

DE,5234B

B,BFFH

A,(DE)

NZ,NUH2

A,(DE)

(HL) ,A

HUH3

B,84H

(HL) ,2iH

HDMS

'THE ELECTRIC PEWCIL-PLUS KEMO

'RCRT JUSTPy RJt-l

41 52 47
4D 3B 2D

DEFH

46 46 2F
46 38 3D

DEPH

45 4E 47

4C 31 2D

DEPH

46 4C 2P
52 3B 2D

DEPtI

58 41 43

SI 31 20

DBPN

■HALT FMPSEO Hft-1

■LEFT HARGIN LIIB-255'

■LPED OPP/OM LPt-l

■line length LLl-255'

'CWW OPP/OH CM-1

'LINE SPACHG 1,81-255 •

647A

827 28

DEFW

*PRHT RECRPS

PB8-255 '

2B 52

28 58

2B 28

6498

82738

DEPK

■PAGE UHGTH

Pt.l-255>

28 4C

28 5B

64A4

82748

DEFH

•PAGE NPMBKR

PII8-6S535'

28 4E

28 5B

33 35

64BA

82758

DEFH

'PACE SPACNG

PS8-255'

28 53

2B 58

64CE

827 68

DEFM

■PRINT CHARACTER PC ' |

54 2B

54 45

28 28

t4E4

8277B

INSTLH DEFK

■PRESS <EHTER> ID PRINT / ' |

53 28

3E 28

4E 54

C4FD

82788

DEPM

'PRESS <BREU> TO BIIT' |

53 28

3E 28

CS12

B279B

CHDLIN DEFM

'COHHAHD?'

41 4E

6S1A

B2B88

ERRTXT DEFH

'< SYNTAX ERROR- i.t«„, .,«,,«««

162 • 80 Micro, May 1983

I Love To

ve Mv<l380Z

• 48K buiiM lor high
■p««d throughput

• Diablo 1640' 1650/630
software compatible

• Serial and parallel intetfacee

• Serial baud rates to 19.2K

• Built in diagnostics & demo program

• Foui CPU's, no cables, belts,
wheels or pulleys

finer

computer

stores

L*t1er quality dcdiy
wh**l prlntar

16 print styles, 96 char, wheel,

IBM type ribbon

Automatic bi-directional

printing

Proven reliability 100,000

printer mechaniBms produced

Up to 32 CPS print speed
In typical applications

Interconnecting cables lor all
major micro-computers
Automatic proportional spacing
Parallel 6K bytes per sac.
transfer rate

Optional extras: forms tractor,
cut sheet teeder.

The DTC 380Z

DAISY

Wheel Printer

*1359°°

lonns

Ifata IVrmtnuk &t Ciwntfiunii.'atinn*
MO DivMHi Si, Camrhrll, CA 940011

ltt>A\ VTH.I « IV

TRS-90*

PrograminerV Sourcebook

Now there is a national TRS-80
sourcebook with syslcm software list-
ings pius club listings, all in addition
to many new application software list-
ings and all of which are separated by
model number. The first edition of this
8>/^ X 11 inch bright yellow publication
is now in national distribution in both
the U.S. and Canada.

Complete details on how you can list
your software are contained in the Tirst
edition which is now available through
your favorite ccnnputer store or book-
store (ask for ISBM 0-912043-00-8) or
you can order direct from us by send-
ing S4.9S (plus $1.00 postage and

handling) to:- ,

Ocean, Inc.

P.O. Box S331-E "

Springfield. Virginia 88158-0331

VISA Md MamCMri TtltpfeMt chw|i ordoi
I: <7UI JlJ-l*2a tDralm inquiha mvilrdi

• TRS-SO I) ■ rct>iicr<d iradmufk of ihc Tandy Corp.

Parallel Printer Switch
for TRS 80

Tranafara printert, tvnninaltand
othar davlcat. Model 80-11/16 in-
stantly transters parallel devices —
without risk of damage that can result
when Cables are manually unplugged.
Contacts are gold plated tor minimum
resistance, automatic cleaning and
Optimum performance. Switch posi-
tion indicates correct channel selec-
tion. Beige cabinet, 2" high. S1 14.95
plus shipping. ^436

Communication
Cable Company

319 Louella Ave. Wayne. PA 19067
215-964-9404

LITTER/tEfOIT WtlTER MOGtAM I
FOR TR&aO MODEL I M DISK SYSTEMS

CM! ^ttn fM iHOai'lD i^K. [

a^Mii* K oHB't ■>.• Bit. iiataxtiMM >ga aa< 'mm\*

K J. ■•!»«* tm M IKJm TU

OIZOts* INTII»ltfS

f O lOK 170 -3*8

KIYPOIT NJ 0771)

ins*) & TRSOOS are Iradema'tis of Tandy Corp

STANDARD FORMAT:

ADVANCED FORMAT:

Beginning of Data Field

{

End of Data Field

)

Conditional Hyphen

Printer Code

up arrow

<P^ Wide Font Printing On

<P$ Wide Font Printing Off

<P( Condensed Font Printing On

<P) Condensed Font Printing Off

<Gnnn Graphics Code

Lowercase '@'

Format Code

<FC = FILESPEC

Chain File

<F*FILESPEC=nnn

Boilerplatf

}•

<FX = PROMPT

Keyboard Input

<FLnnn

Line Length

<FMnnn

Margin Width

»M

<FSn

Line Spacing

<FJn

Justification On/Off

<Fany character

Nonprinting Comment

)

TaNe 1. Summary of Pencil-Plus Commands

<Fnoio

August 1« I9S2

Ha. Hatilda Brudga
1234 Hunchback Court
Noatrllhatr. NM
e7M2

Hy Urnrnr fta. Drudga,

Although ycxi hava b««n onm of our v«S«iod custcM
ovar th* ymr%, clrcuastanca* rogrotfully dlctata that
you this 1 attar.
<F«SAnPt-E4*120

I* MO can IM of any furthar aaaistanca, plaaao
irmm to call on us.

I Mrlta
<«il

Sincara

»y.

H. Tlght«lat

Cradlt Hanagar
Charity Financa Co.
Folaoa, CA.

94042

Fig. 3. Letter Calling

a Boilerplaie

Paragraph

CoHlinuett from p. 160

task without additional printing:
<fX«Change to l2-pitch wheel

Press enter to resume printing.

Boilerplate Paragraphs

Boilerplate paragraphs may be in-
serted at any point in the text. They are
particularly useful where l<mg para-
graphs, such as in a contract, must be
inserted in a document, or where a stan-
dard letter is to be used with contoit
selected to suit the occasion. A ^ort ex-

1M • 60 Micro. May 1983

am{rie of a letter calling for a boilerplate
paragraph is shown in Fig. 3. A file of
boilerplate paragraphs is depicted in
Fig. 4, and Fig. 5 shows the result.

The command for a boilerplate para-
graph follows the format command
with an asterisk, the file specification,
an equals sign and the three-character
paragraph code. A boilerplate specifica-
tion might resemble the following:

<r"STANDARD/LTR - lOA

Oice again, the file specification may
omtain any extension. If none appears.

090*

THIS PARAGRAPH WILL BE IGNORED IF THE CALL IS FOR
ANOTHER NURBERED PARAGRAPH.
100*

ThiB is a tast of a BOILERPLATE paragraph. It can tim
MTlttvn as a portion of a flla and than loadad by a command
includad Mlthln a format Una. Tha Bollarplata paragraph nIII
ba prlntad up to tha firat carrlaga-raturn and than printing
Mill raauAW at tha placa whara it laft off in tha original
toKt. Tha fila containing tha Boilarplata paragraph may
contain many standard paragraphs. Tha aalaction may ba mads
by prafiMing aach boilarplata paragraph Mith a llnm Mhlch
containa a thraa digit nunbar followad bt an aatarlak and a
carrlaga raturn. Tha boilarplata command in tha taxt Mill
bagln Mlth tha format sign Immadlataly followad by tha
filanama containing tha boilarplata paragraph. If no fila
axtanalon is usad, it will ba •■sumad aa ' /PCL' . Aftar tha
filanama Mill ba an aquala algn and than tha thraa-digit coda
tarminatad by a carriaga raturn.
U0»

THIS PARAGRAPH WILL BE IGNORED IF THE CALL IS FOR ANOTHER
NUMBERED PARAGRAPH.
120* Sand Mith bills that arm 30 days ovardua.

Wa wish to ranlnd you that as of this data wa hava not
yat racaivad paymant on your account.
130* Sand with bills that ara 60 days ovardua.

Plaaaa ba ramindad that your account is now mora than
30 days In Arrmarm. Addittional aarvica chargaa will ba addad
to your account if it la not promptly paid In full.
140* Sand with bills that ara 90 daya ovardua.

Wa hava found it nacaaaary to auapand furthar cradlt
until your account has baan paid, nay wa raand you that undar
atata law wa ara ampowarad to add to your bill any furthar
costs Incurrmd by its collaction.
ISO* Sand with bills that ara 120 days ovardua.

Wa hava turnad your account ovar to tha Mafia ■ . *

Fig. 4. File of Boilerplate Paragraphs

August 1, 1982

Ms. Matilda Brudga
1234 Hunchback Court
Nostrllhalr, VA
87642

My Daar Ms. Srudga,

Although you hava baan ona of our valuad cuatoaars ,
ovar tha yaars, circuastancaa ragratfully dictata that I Mrita
you thia lattar.

Ha Mlah to raalnd you that aa of this data wa hava not
yat racaivad paymant on your accoitfit.

If mm can ba of any furthar assistanca, plaaaa faal
fraa to call on us.

Sincaraly*

W. Tightfist
Cradlt Managar
Charity Financa Co.
Folsoa, CA.

94042

Fig. 5. Resulting Leiler

then /PCL will be assumed. The para-
graph code may contain any three dig-
its. There is no limit on the size of the
boilerplate paragraph, except that the
resident, text and the boilerplate para-
graph combined must not exceed Elec-
tric Pencil's text buffer.
If the specified file is not found, the

•rSm U»t ol AtttvliMn an Pmgm371

screen clears and the following message

appears:

FILE NOT FOUND

PRESS <ENTER> WHEN CORRECTED

Insert the disk containing the boiler-
plate fUe into a drive and press the enter

THE ULTIMATE
IN SOFTWARE
UNPROTECTION

FPS 3 IS A FRONT PANEL SIMULATOR
FOR THE TANDY CORP. TRS80 MODEL III

JUSTFLIPA SWITCH AND! ! !

THE PROGRAM IN MEMORY IS COPIED
TO YOUR CHOICE OF DISK OR TAPE .TO
RUN THE COPY SIMPLY BOOT THE DISK
FROM RESET OR LOAD THE TAPE WITH
THE SYSTEM COMMAND.YOU DO NOT
NEED ANY TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE
TO USE THE FPS-3. ALL WU NEED TO
INSTALL THE FPS-3 ARE AHALF HOUR
OF YOUR TIME AND A SCREWDRIVER.
THE COST FOR A COMPLETE FPS-3 IS
ONLY S50.

WHAT THE SOFTWARE GODS
HAVE HIDDEN

THIS LITTLE

SHALL REVEAL

J.E.S. GRAPHICS) P.a BOX 2752*
TULSA»OK. 74101 CALL 918 742 7104.

,.'439

DEVIL

W..I..D..E nSOET SOFFGRT

KX) 11/16 and DAISY WICEL II

Print 15 and 20 awrKten/iKfa

D L P Cca^paiy

6798 Wetheridge Dr.
Cincinnati, Ohio 452X

513 232-7791 -^'^

VISA OR MASTERCARD POOS^mi

$49.00

260 characters in just 13" at 20
CPI; 170 in T. Excellent qua-
lity 15 CPI printing; 195 Char,
in 13"; 120 in 8". SCRIPSIT" 2.0
ISaXK" 2.0/4.1, VISICAU:*. PO)-
FH£", BASIC, CDBOL, etc.

SECURE
PROGRAMS

GOPV-HOT

COPY-NOT tS * COPV PROTECTION PHOORAM WHICH
PEBMITS BASIC SOFTWARE AUTHOR TO PHOTECT Mt
CREATION FROM PIRATES. PROGRAMS ON THE DISK Anf
DATA ENCRYPTED PROGRAMS IN MEMORY RUN IN AN
ENCRYPTED MODE FOR MAX -PROTECTION
COPT -NOT U1i9li« titarnal Mcuiily ncMl By Iwemo I ha mou\a tm
priiai jnio tf» macoirw languag* ctxM mnurn n» mini nay iw s«vat«i
iwndiKl nouri baloia na can atltniiH In braacn tna Hcu«if ol
COn-NOT.

$285.00

TKMPB VECTOR CO.
3|e ^

I JO CiNTIt tlHUT
1 ITIOUDUUKS. PA. UIOI

FOR MORE DETAILS, "'*8'

SEE TME FEBRUARY ISSUE OF BO MICRO
COPY NOT IS FOB USE WITH A TBSflO MODEL (, TWO DISKS
MC, VISA. UPS, COO AVAILABLE CALL 717-W1-3061

BO Micro, Mai 1983 ' 165

Listing ronrmurd

2D 2D 2D

20 2D

20 S3

4E 54 41

56 20

45 52

4F 52

652D

52
4A

02820

LIST

DEFM

'RJ-

652F

02830

DEFB

e53B

02840

DEFB

6S31

AE5 2

02850

DEFW

52AEH

6533

48
46

02060

DEFH

'HP'

6535

B2870

DEFB

6536

028B0

DEFB

6537

Ar52

02890

DEFW

52AFH

6519

4C
4D

029B0

DEFK

'LM'

653B

B291I

DEFB

255

653C

02920

DEFB

653D

BB52

0293B

DEFW

52B0H

653F

4C
46

0294e

DEFN

■LP'

6541

02950

DEPB

6542

B296B

DEFB

6543

B152

02970

DEFW

52B1H

6545

4c:

B29ee

DEFH

■LL'

6547

82990

DEFB

255

6548

B3ee0

DEFB

6549

B252

03810

DEFH

52B2H

«54B

03021

DEFK

'CR'

654D

0103e

DEFB

654E

03040

DEFB

654F

B352

03058

DEFW

52E3H

6551

4C
53

03060

DEPM

'LS'

6553

03070

DEFB

255

6554

03080

DEFB

6555

B452

03098

DEFW

52B4B

6557

5B
4C

03180

DEFH

■PL'

655S

03110

DEPB

255

655A

03120

DEFB

655B

865 2

03130

DEFH

52B«H

65SD

03140

DEFH

■PS'

65SF

031S0

DEFB

255

6560

03160

DEFB

6561

Be52

03178

DEFW

52B8H

6563

50
4E

83188

DEFH

•PN'

6565

B3190

DEFB

6566

03200

DEFB

6567

7363

0321t

DEPW

PAGNUN

6569

B322I

DEFK

•PR'

656B

83238

DEFB

255

556C

B324B

DEFB

656D

BD52

B32S0

DEFW

52BDH

656f

50
43

83268

DEFM

'PC'

6571

83270

DEFB

00H

6572

03280

DEFB

20H

6573

8963

03290

DEFW

PCHAR

6575

3AAC5 2

033ie

MERC

A, (CHAR)

657B

FE2B

03320

2eK

657a

2B6B

03338

Z,ALTER0

657C

328F6B

03340

(CHl+1) ,A

657 r

32256C

03350

(CH2+1) ,A

65t)2

32Eje6C

83368

ICH3+1) ,A

65S5

329865

03378

(CH4+1) ,A

65BB

2A2852

03380

HL,(522BH)

658B

B1FF6F

83398

BC,6FPPH

6581:

03400

PUSH

658F

03418

PUSH

6590

ED42

83428

SBC

HL,BC

6592

03430

PUSH

6593

034*0

POP

6594

83450

POP

6595

01468

POP

6596

03470

CORl

A.{DE)

6597

FE3C

e34BB

CK4

3CH

6599

CC236F

03490

CALL

I,C0R2

659C

01500

(HL) ,A

659C

03510

INC

659E

03520

IKC

659F

01538

DEC

e5A0

03540

A,S

6 5A1

01558

6 5A2

2ap2

03560

NI,CORl

65A4

222852

03570

{522SH) ,HL

65A7

035B0

(HL) ,B

6%M

03590

HERG0

EQU

B3600

***

e5A8

0000

03610

HOOK

DEFW

00fflH

; HOOK TO ROUTIKE IN

65AA

0000

03620

DEPW

0t00H

i HIGH NEHORy

65AC

0000

01610

DEPW

•ff00H

) ROUTINE MUST PATCH

6 5AE

B000

03648

DEFW

0B00H

; PCLPLUS CODE AS

65BI

B00e

01650

DEPW

•f00H

; HEEDED

65B2

0000

01660

DEPW

Bf00H

65B4

•080

03670

DEFW

0000H

65B6

»»

01680

DEPB

00H

03690

1 •*•

65B7

3A0e70

01700

A,(70B0H)

65BA

2ABA52

03710

HL, t52BAR)

6SBD

Fe7B

01720

TBH

6 5BP

C2B366

03710

NZ,COMT

65C2

03740

PUSH

Laimg oowimm

key. The appropriate boilerplate para-
graph is loaded and printed, and print-
ing of the remaining text will resume.

I f you have forgotten the name of the
boilerplate file, or if you entered the
wrong file specification, press break to
return to the text. Read or correct the
file specification, position the cursor
over the format command calling for
the boilerplate paragraph and resume
printing.

If the paragraph selected is not found
in the file, the program will not crash.
The boilerplate paragraph will simply
be ignored, and printing of the text file
will continue.

Boilerplate files may be written with
Electric Pencil, and may be of any size.
The three-digit code must be followed
by an asterisk, and any comments or in-
structions desired terminated by enter.
The next paragraph is then loaded and
printed. As an illustration:

2V5' StND TO ALL CALIFORNIA
CUSTOMERS

This i^ the paragraph that miII be printed if the
code 2V5 is specified.

DI9* SEND TO ALL TEXAS CUSTOMERS

This is the paragraph that will be printed if the
code ni9 is specified-

THIS IS A COMMENT PARAGRAPH. AND
WILL BE IGNORED

Any number of boilerplate paragraphs
can be printed one after the other, and
may come from different files.

Comment Lines

Any character that follows the for-
mal command other than L, M, S, J, C,
X, or * is regarded as a comment line
and ignored. For example:

<f# SeiKl Ihis letter when bills 30 days overdue.

Format and comment parameters
may span several lines if necessary, with
comments appearing last, terminated
by enter.

Printer Control Codes

Pencil-Plus uses a special set of codes
to utilize the capabilities of smart
printers. The control character followed
by P and a letter designates the print
code. Four characters control font
width. These are replaced at print time
with the codes that you provided when
you configured your F^encil-Plus disk.

• <p% begins expanded font printing.

• <p$ ends expanded font printing.

166 • 80 Micro, May 1983

• FREE SHIPPING •

VV;TH;NCON'lNFNT,M 4f '^TMrr-

ARE YOU A DREAMER?

lAMGINE THIS . . .

TRY
US!

you plar.6 your ordet ana ,i .vf^of, */fy^n expected. "Whai do

YOU know, thay tfW ship that day'" You O0»n /our package and

SURPRlSt. it's what /ou ordertid. not last yaar s version six fimas ra-

moved. Wail a minuta. I must have paid tuU retail lo get this Kind of

se*ifrce. H mm. that's not it These prtces aie among the toivest. What's

the catch^ i\e got it ' They charged me targe shipping ana hsndimg cheigei

No. not that either It says here 'Free shipping within ths Conimentat 48 States

via UPS ground.' Onty the diUereotial is charged tor UPS Qitw or tsi Class. Now

rve got It, it's onty • draam!!''

Ai Micro Images yQut dteams Cxxomo icality' how do we do If* Simple, we tetl the truth. |(
Ihe item you ofCter IS not in jiock — we tell you. If we ca""i ship that day — we tell you.
Which /orsion'' Wt loll you Why aro we teiliiK) you Ihis'' The answer Is easy Thts is what we
do Desi ana wtiat separates us from ihe cornpehtior^ AHD WE WANT VOJ TO KI^OW

POSTMAN DELUXE!

De>u<e Mass Mail - Vdi >'ill $11 9.95
D" ii..> V.1' w.Poi^tAritf' $144.95

MAXI MANAGER

Manager with Utility $119.95
MaKt Utility Only $44.95

SUPERUTILITY +

Mo.il'lllVer. 3.0 -$64.95
! : --ir.vnooKBFicv.

Data-Writer 20

New Vt?t^injii-Wut li'iii
$129.95

MAXI CRAS

Modi/Ill $84.95

LDOS 5 1

MDL I Of HI -$109.95

GEAR S42.95

wv.'LJoi VVfiler V5-S84.95
Add'l Fonts — $27.ftS each

NEWSCRIPT- 70 $109.95

Aith Mailing Label Opt. .$11955
Mailing Label Opt Only , S27.95

MAXI MAIL

Mod 111 Only

$84.95

MAXI STAT

Model mi

$164.95

MULTIDOS S84 95

NF^'VFRSION V6

DOSPLUS

$119.96
$199,95

MICROTERM Mdiorin $69.95

MZAL

T7AL • Mdl in ■
Basic Editor

Ver. 2 Mdl
TapeOn*v

■U; I,' • i;

or III $134 .95

$44.95

■■■ >-S27.95

MICROSOFT

Faf*anSOorA.LD,S
BaalcCornpNr
EdRoffAsMmtoltr f ^.

Model I Only

. S80 95
$179S5

S27.9S - $4595

PROSOFT UTILITIES

TRASHMAN K'-li 'I S34 95

FASTER ■ ruldl klU t26.96

RPM '^Ull $21.95

.onck.1 ^ 'dfpmatiK $64.96

ASPtN r>,r.n'r«a:ipnE^(t J45.95

LAZYWRITERS14995

LAZY OPTIONS

LAZYDOC $5495

LAZY DRAW. DO. TA8 & Calc 4N 4 $37 9'.

Lazy Merga & LAZy Fonts Avuiiabte Soon

LNW-Doubler 5/8 si99.95

■ID

SYSTEM EXPANSION II- $349.95

LYNX

•■A

$239.95

MICROBUFFER Practical Pcnt'i. r.^ls
Parallel or Serial (Epsoni S149.96

* ♦PRINTER STANDS* *

BOOKS

Disk t Other MystetM»-wb... $20 95

Basic Decoded - uc $27 95

Custom TPS«) JO $2? 95

Bas>c Faster & Better - uc . $27.95

Mdl IL16 Visicalc wc »i»-i. . $16»5

Mdl y\i\ Visicatc 'Wc »M«r. . $16.95

CopynohlK.I $11 9f.

Inside W«"li;tv Pu.. 5'7'iS

SPACE AGE NO FRILLS

UXaOOear . ,S27.SO MXSOCMiar .. $1150
MXaOBrorue $29.95 MXSOBronM.. $1595
Microiine82ASpttceAcwBiorvfe wrslot .. %3»M

MEC8023A Space Age Brorve S39J6

NEC a023A Space Age Clear S27J0

C ITCH Prownler . ,. ■ - . Simeas NEC AN ..

RIBBONS

ZIP BOX RELOADS Vi Dz Dz.

Epson WX raBO 20 Yds . . 24.00 4Z00

Epson MX 100-30 Yds . 30.00 SlOO

NEOProwTrtef-14Vds ., -21.00 36J)0
Centronics 730 '737(739'779 or

LP'l'll'IV IftYds 18.00 32M

•> ZiPaO<eS«r*iridMduil^HMM0lK>tylatv(l

t w t-

'A put'* Afvr«iaHo««j

GREEN SCREENS • '.*v^i t or I

$15.95

C. ITOH PROWRITER S499.00

SPECIAL— $t795.00

LNW80— MODEL II

:t1 tV^ IV

'.;.' L.rv L. ,.■ . LNv; ^ u.r,eja»c

GEMINMO $399.00

K I I : L . I L'.t <«A1 lOr.rC SffKWC. MtG- -J. <
•.I ■.'•-.- \ -J..-- ..I *"■■ "". "nh'- -■. .■.NIM-- .1 ' I _■

- I" Mill .Hi.-":

TO ORDER

CALL OR

WRITE TO

MICRO IMAGES

146-03 25th Road
Flushirig. N.Y. 11354
(212) 445-7124 -

PHONE HOURS:

Mon.FrL

10 AM-9 PM

SaL
10 AM-5 PM

CARTRIDGES E»f> tJo.-^^

Epson MX7aB0 7.50 80 00

LP-lltV. . ... , e.50 70.00

Centronic 7O2/03W/53 , 11.00 120.00

RS DSY WHLII Mjf si-.w ,6.50 70.00

Diablo Hy type II Wi^n S» -^ . . 6.50 70.00

Oume-3O0.000 Ctir MuH. <ttt -• 6 50 70.00

Hoc SPIN H Yietd v^" si u^ 7.00 75.00

MiCRLNE Ba'82A/S3A Sol . N/A 24.00

MiCRLNE OA ..40 >K &80 aOUOO

Piowrnei 8510 & Nee B023A. . 7.50 80 00

'J 1. -u.r ,1 :ii' i i'l'HijT'. a-y t\ • Po' sr i -i
i' d I I I--. MT.iS' ^>^|'••• '>'.ir-t All Hi- 'r iiJii- d 'li

..... Oi'Mirr

OUAMNTCED « • • .

GAMES

S4>a Dragon or Eilmmaior 17.05
Penelralof.. ...22.45

Defiance

Panik or The tnslitule 17.85

FortMdden Planet or City 14.50

Strike Force .. 14.50

Dun^hin Of Kaiv . .. 26 95

Wyide ,26.95

Bounceoidsor Sp, Castk; 14 50
Caterpillar or Outhouse . 14.50
Foftft.*55 II o' Alien Oe^ 14,50
^r\^■ Bn '^ P- '"f.i li 14 SO

Disk
22.45
22.45
22.45
22.45
34J6
17.95
26.95
26.95
17.95
17.95
17 96
17.95

n^-^- *■I^0«.1 ftC<Kf !*•■

'^^ It— r- 'll' I I'l w .M

i.i;'' "-■»,

-jt.- ithO ^o« TOofi rpFf

Lalmx coHlmutd

6K3

03751

XOR

SSC4

32II63

B37GB

(G2BBKI ,A

65C7

03770

INC

65ca

321E53

B3780

(521EH) ,A

65C8

21ll7i

03790

HL,70B1H

escE

111165

B3800

DE,H0RK5

6SD1

CDE76P

0381B

HERCl

CALL

MOVE

6504

211163

03820

HERGIA

HL,M0RX2

65D7

0611

03B30

B,0

fi5D9

CD2444

03B4B

CALL

D0S4

G5DC

CA436C

03050

Z,NERG1B

eSDP

CDDD6D

03860

CALL

ERCR

S5E2

IBFB

03870

HERGIA

6SE4

21A8C5

■ 388*

ALTER0

HL,HERC0

CSE7

03890

PUSH

65E8

3ErF

03900

A.BFFH

«SEA

32BF6B

03910

(CHl+l) ,A

C5ED

322S6C

03920

(CH2+1) ,A

65rf

328IGC

03930

(CH3+1) ,A

6SP3

3E7D

03940

ALTER

A,7DH

G5F5

32FB5D

03950

I5DF0H) ,A

6SFB

03960

DEC

65r9

32F15D

03970

(5DF1H) ,A

65FC

03980

DEC

6SFD

32F25D

03990

(SDF2H) ,A

6GIB

04000

XOR

66fl

3216 5D

04010

(5D06K) ,A

6«I4

3207 5D

0402B

(5DB7H) ,A

6GB7

329953

04030

(5399H1 ,A

66aA

3EF2

04040

A,BF2H

G6ec

323253

B4050

(5332H] ,A

GGBF

3E51

B4BGB

A,5lH

GGll

323353

B407B

(5333K) ,A

GG14

212066

B4B8B

HL, ALTERl

GG17

UF251

B409B

DE,51F2H

6G1A

BlIASI

04100

BC,0B0AH

GGID

EDB0

04111

LDIR

GGIF

B412B

RET

GG2S

361B

0413B

ALTERl

(HL) ,1BH

G622

B4140

INC

G623

B415B

PUSH

G624

211D52

84160

HL,52lDli

Gfi27

B417I

IHC

IBM

GG2B

B41Bt

POP

GG29

B419B

RET

B421B

I EVERYTHIHC

ABOVE THIS POINT HAY

BE OVERWRITTEN IN HEHCE

6G2A

3EFF

04230

A,BFFH

G62C

323A52

B4240

(523AH] ,A

GG2r

I42S0

PUSH

GG3fl

CD49G6

B426B

CALL

PPPRNT

GG33

0427B

POP

GG34

042BB

A,L

6G35

04298

6636

2BB3

043BB

Z, PRTFIN

6G38

04310

DEC

6639

IBEF

B4320

6638

B4330

PRTFIN

XOR

G63C

323A52

B434B

(523AH) ,A

663F

CD5F6F

14350

CALL

RES TOR

6642

2A2252

043G0

HL,(5222H)

G64S

CDFF52

84370

CALL

52FFH

G648

04380

RET

6649

3ASF52

04390

PPPRNT

A, (52BFH)

6e4C

FES 5

04400

55H

fiG4E

2B23

04410

Z, SERIAL

66SI

FE50

04420

50H

6G52

2B5C

04430

I.PARAL

6G54

3A035 2

04440

A,(5203H]

6G57

FE31

04450

31H

6659

lli4GA

04460

HL,BAID2

665C

2803

04470

2,PP50

665E

21166A

044BB

HL.BAL'DS

66G1

3ABS52

04 4 91

PP5B

A,(52B5h;

G664

CB07

04500

RLC

666G

04510

66G7

1600

04520

D,0eH

6669

04530

ADD

HL.DE

G6GA

04540

E,(HL)

G6GB

04550

IHC

G66C

04560

D,(HL]

6G6D

ED53C0G9 B4570

(PRTQ) ,DE

GG71

183D

B4S80

PARAL

G673

B4590

SERIAL

XOR

GG74

D3ES

■ 4GB0

OUT

(0EaH| ,A

GG7G

0EB4

B4Glf

C,04H

6678

3ABE52

B4G20

A,(52BEH)

6G7B

FE01

B4G3t

81H

6G7D

2804

04640

I,PPS2

6G7F

3E1B

04650

A,1M

GG81

B4G60

6GB2

B4G7t

C,A

6683

3AB952

B4GB0

PP52

A,(52B9H}

GCBG

fl«0B

04690

B,08H

66BB

FE4D

0470B

4DH

GfiBA

2BBG

04710

I,PP53

G6BC

%iM

04721

B.BBH

G68E

FE45

04730

45H

G69I

2003

B474B

NI,PFS4

fiG93

84751

PP53

A,C

6693

B47GB

G694

04770

C,A

G695

3ABC52

047 B0

PP54

A,(52BCH)

G69B

FE0B

047 90

BBK

G69A

3EG0

04080

A,60H

66 >C

3002

14810

Z,PP55

6G9E

3E2i

B4B20

A,20H

G6AI

•4B3B

PP55

Liilmf coniinuet

• <p( begins narrow font printing.

• <p) ends narrow font printing.

When printing, the normal character
width is used for margin spacing and
then the previously active font is re-
stored. This permits an even margin
when mixing normal, compressed and
wide type fonts and prevents the MX-80
from reverting to normal-width printing
at the end of a line. Remember to
change the line width when you switch
from one width font to another.

If your printer recognizes the escape
code (027 or 1 BH), then the <P may be
followed by any suitable character. For
example, the MX-80 with Graftrax rec-
ognizes <P4 to begin printing in the ital-
ic font. The P of the print control code
may be either upper- or lowercase.

Graphics Printing

If your printer supports block graph-
ics, the graphics characters may be sent
to the printer by following the control
character with a G and the three-digit
decimal code for the graphics symbol.
For example, <G191 causes your print-
er to print the solid block character.

Your printer may also print graphics
while in the condensed- or cxpanded-
type modes or with emphasized or dou-
ble-strike for some unusual effects.

The graphics code can also be us«i to
print characters that do not appear on
the TRS-80 keyboard. Trv <G091,
<G092. <G093, <G094. <G095,
<G0%, <G123. <G124. <G125, and
<G126.

The graphics code can also send addi-
tional commands to your printer. For
instance, if your printer changes line
spacing on receipt of a decimal 19 code
(DC3 or 13H), the <G019 would send
the proper code. You can send the bell
code to your printer with '<G007.'

There's one problem with (his com-
mand: Since your intent is not known.
Pencil-Plus assumes that any code
higher than 127 decimal is a graphics
s>'mbol, and so one character is includ-
ed in the line spacing count. Otherwise,
the program assumes you are sending
part of a control code to your printer
and the character count is not incre-
mented. Experiment with the graphics
code, and use it carefully.

Conditional Hyphens

Insert a conditional hyphen into a
word with <H. If the entire word will fit
on one line, the conditional hyphen will
be ignored. But if the word must be bro-
ken, the break will take place at the con-
ditional hyphen.

Cominuf^tmp. 174

168 • SO Micro. May 1983

™TRS80 color

From the January 1961 issue of the CSRA Computer
Qub newsletter:

Ttiere was some amusement at ttia h4avem-
t>er meeting «^en me Radio Shacit rapre-
sentstivss staled ttial tne software m the ^
ROM cartridges couk) not be copied. This
monVi's 6B Micro Journal reported they tiad
disassembled the programs on ROM by
covering some ot the connector pins with
tope. They prorrise details nexl month. Never
tel a hobbyist something can'l be done! This
magazine s e o m s to be tie only source so far
of le*nical informations on ttie THS-BO cotor
computer". Devoted lo SS-50 6800 and
6809 machines up lo now, 68 ^kcro Journal
plans to include the TRS-8D 6809 unit in
future issues.

To get the MOST from your 6609 CPU - This is He
BEST SOURCE! The ONLY Magazine for the 0609
Computer. Months Ahswj d AH Otiers!

68 MICRO JOURNAL

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IfstartSoffware

•TRS-80 and SCRIPSIT are trademarks of the
Radio Shack Division of Tandy Corporation.

.-Sm Utt ot Attwllnn on P»g» 371

80 Micro, May 1983 • 169

ALE

Z80 AMcmbly Language Edtlor and Asicmbkr

The AL£ editor include a kemal portion of our fantastic EOM cditins package.
Everythir>g necessary tor editii>g Z80 source f»es is induded. This mtvn that
you have marry powerful fuH-screen edltir»g capabilities at your finsertips.
Other features indudc

• Files may be as large as availatilc media, indudedwrth the AU packages a
pow«r1U, men^^<*1wen Enhanced Page Mode suppott module. A ^>age'rs a
VnrxJow' to your disk file, as your TRS-80 Video I>sp4a^ s a Vflndow* to your
in-memory buffer Onty a portion of your file need be in memory at once.

• Yoo can handle fMes in most of the popular EDTASM formats on the mwltet
today This mdudes Editor/AsseniWer Plus, the modified EDTASM tjy Appw'at,
MZM. from Computer Applicabons Unlimited, M80 frcim Miaosoft and the
Series I Editor /Assembler from Radio Shack.

The ALE assembler allows programs to be assembled eith« from the t>utfw or
a disk file Other features include

• Support tor some undocumented op codei

• you dont have to worry wt>ether your source files use the expar>ded
( DEFB ) or compressed (06) pseudo op format You can assemble either form,

• When an te&embtf error occurs, control is returned to tt>e lul^-scrcen
editor Make corrections, and under some condit»or» (explained in the
manual) assembly can be conbnucd from wtwrc the error occun-ed. Great
tinw saving for tor>g pro-ams

• The assembled listng (with optiorial asscmbty adt^-esses and pro^^am line
numbers) can tie inserted into the text buffer (or output to the printer,
creation of a listfile or simprc the aeation of a document (great for authors,
editors and documenting prograrm').

• Z80 source files mayoptionaltybesavedtodiskwithoutlinenumbers. Save
lots of disk space!

• Graphic or control characters may be inckided in DEFM staterrwrrts. The
powerftjl editing comrrtands allow graphic cttaracters to be entered directly
from the keyboard, in a liex entry* mode, or merged into tt>e text txjfter from
a disk file.

• You may hm more than one DEFfi on a int.

• You may spedfy BINARY constants.

ALE works yeat with all ModeJ I ar>d III TRSDOS, LOGS, Newdos/80 and

DOSPtUS Support is also inckjded tor TTBOOS 2.38 (the Model I DOS that

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We hope you agree that the product sounds great But, in order tor our
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SpccW Bonn * 1 : ALE inckjdes complete source code tor the C-ALL monitor
program version 0, so you can test assemt>le a program immediately. The
assemtiled monitor can be used with ALE to help debug proy-wm!
SpccW •onui •!: The ALE package inchjdes an in-memo»y Iwx catcUator*
tttat can opttortally be co^vsident with the editor
*P«cii* •OMB *3: ALE inchJdes a rrtenu driven utHlty pro^-am that lr>cludes
over a half-dozen other aKH tor *sma», frustratirig protilems and
incompatJibihties' that currentfy plague Z80 programmers
Anttdpatlns your qucttioni:

ALE does not generate refcxatable object modules, nor does it support
■macros' in the Z80 assembler convention of the word. However, It does
allow you to use a small •preloader' file of IGET-s or INauOE"* so that you
may assemble your current EOAS and EDTASM PLUS files

ALE is ontr 49.95 dollars inckjding the comprehensive documentation and
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or CM:
.M (teordw)

5i7-4n-nn

(quollom)

MTERNKTE

S#URCE ..

Abpv e a ww Uo md DOSd, aM u wbl in and computeii are
copytlgMad by thek reipeclfM conyanleil

l.LUtng continued

66AJL D3EA

04840

OUT

(BEAM) ,A

G6A3 3AB552

B4B5B

A, (52558)

66AG 5F

B4B6B

E,A

G6A7 leae

B4a7B

D,00H

66A9 21PB69

04880

HL.BDTBL

GGAC 19

04890

ADD

HL,DE

eSAD 7E

049BB

A, (HL)

6GAE D3E9

B4910

OUT

(0E9H) ,A

eeSB C37565

B492B

PARAL

KERG

e6B3 2B

04930

CONT

DEC

66B4 223a6A

04940

(PP70) .HL

G6B7 3AB052

04950

A,(52BDH)

66BA 32326A

0496B

{PP7) ,A

G6BD CDFC52

04970

CALL

52FCH

66C0 222D6A

04980

(PP5) ,HL

6ec3 222B6A

04990

(PP4) ,HL

G6C6 CDE2G7

05000

PP9

CALL

RDYPRT

6GC9 CD0S53

B5B10

PP10

CALL

530BH

66CC AF

05020

PPIOA

XOR

66CD 57

05030

D,A

66CE 5F

B504B

E,A

eeCF 32296A

05050

(PP2) ,A

G6D2 2A2D6A

05060

HL, (PP5)

6GD5 221F52

B5B7B

FP10B

(521FH] ,HL

GGD8 cDEees

05080

CALL

PP8

GGDB DA93e7

05B9B

C,PP29

G6DE CD44eD

B5100

PP10C

CALL

HyP4AA

GGEl CDe26D

B5110

CALL

KR0

6GE4 B9

05120

G6E5 DAC869

05130

CLLERR

6eE8 23

0514B

PP14

INC

66E9 7E

05150

A,(HL1

66EA FE2B

B5160

2eH

66EC 28PA

05170

I,PP14

eeEE Z22D6A

051BB

(PP5) ,HL

6GF1 2A1P52

B519B

HL,(521FH]

6GF4 CDG26D

05200

CALL

KK*

66F7 91

05210

SUB

GeF8 2827

0522B

Z,PP2«

G6FA 5F

05230

E,A

G6FB 41

05240

B,C

66FC 7E

0S250

PP15

A,(HL)

GGFD 23

B5260

INC

66FE 05

05270

DEC

6GFF FE2B

B5280

20H

6701 28F9

05290

Jfi

Z,PP15

6703 7E

053BB

PF16

A,(HLI

6704 23

05310

INC

6705 FE2e

05320

20H

6707 20B1

05330

NZ,PP17

6709 14

0534B

INC

e70A 05

05350

PP17

DEC

670B 20F6

05360

NZ,PP16

670D 7A

05370

PP18

A,D

ilBE 93

0S3 8B

SUB

67BF 3eBF

05390

NC,PP19

6711 2F

05400

CPL

6712 3C

05410

INC

6713 BB

05420

6714 280A

05430

Z,PP19

6716 5F

05440

E,A

6717 3A296A

05450

A,(PP21

671A 3C

05460

INC

671B 3229GA

05470

(PP2) ,A

671E 18ED

054S0

PP18

672B 57

05490

PP19

D,A

6721 CD836e

05500

PP20

CALL

PP38

6724 CD8F6e

05510

CALL

PP39

6727 3A286A

05520

PP21

A,(PP1)

672A B7

05530

672B 280G

05540

Z,PP22

67 2D CDBB67

05550

CALL

PF32

6738 C3C966

05560

PF10

6733 3AB452

05570

PP22

A, ( 52B4H]

6736 3D

05580

SEC

6737 4F

05590

C,A

6738 3E0A

05600

A, BAB

G73A 212F6A

05610

HL,PP6

673D CDFF68

05620

PP23

CALL

PP47

674B 35

05630

DEC

(HL)

6741 28B7

05640

Z,PP24

6743 0D

05650

DEC

6744 F23D67

05660

P,PP23

6747 C3C966

05670

PP10

674A 3AB1S2

056 80

PP24

A, (52B1H)

67 4D B7

05690

674E 2803

05700

Z,PP25

6750 CDBB67

05710

CALL

PP32

6753 3A2F6A

05720

PP25

A,(PP6)

6756 B7

05730

6757 2803

05740

Z,PP26

6759 CD8967

05750

CALL

PP27

675C 3ABB52

05760

PP26

A,(52BBH]

675F CD8967

B5770

CALL

PP27

6762 3AAf52

05780

A, (S2AFH)

6765 B7

05790

6766 281B

05800

Z,PP62

676B 3A2F6A

05810

A,(PP6)

676B B7

BSB20

67eC 2006

05B3O

NZ,PP6B

67eE 3ABe52

05840

A,I52B8H)

6771 B7

B5B5B

6772 2e0C

05B60

Z,PP62

6774 3A7F38

05870

PP60

A,{387FH)

6777 B7

05880

6778 2eFA

05690

Z,PP60

/ Idling continues

170 • 80 Micro. May 1983

Scanned by Ira Goldklang - www.trs-80.com

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80 Micro. May 796? • 171

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SMIPPIHGj
HANOI ING 01

*Nv onof R -

_EX£,

Name

Address

aty

State/Zip

Signature

Computer make & model

.Disk?(yn).

Lalmg ca/inmied
677A
677D
677E
67 SI
6763
6764
6785
6768
67B9
67 BA
67 6C
67 8D
67 6E
6791
6793
6794
6795
6797
67 9A
67 9B
67 9C
679E
67A1
67A4
67A7
67Ae
67A9
67AB
67AC
67A£
67AF
67 Bl
67B3
67 B6
67B8
67 BB
67BC
67BP
67CB
67C2
67C4
67C6
67C7
67C9
67CC
67 CD
67Dfl
67D3
67n4
67D5

e7Da

67D9
67DA
67DB
67DC
67DD
G7EB
67E2
67E5
67EB
67E9
67 EC
67ED
67Ffl
67F3
67r4
67F5
67FB
67F9
67 PB
67 FC
67FD
6808
6882
6883
6686
E88B
6S89
6B8A
6800
68BE
6BBF
G81B
6813
6814
6817
6818
6819

6aic

681F
6821
6B22
6823
6B24
6B25
6829
682a
«82E
6831
6832
683S
6B36
6837
6B38
6839
683a

3A7F38

28FA

2A2D6A

C2C666

3EIA

CDPF66

16F9

2aiP

2 2306 A

2B1B

CDB368

CDBF68

2132eA

2683

2BB8

PE8C

2897

D22767

3E8A

C3FF68

3AB352

3EaD

2882

3E8A

3E28

CD8069

CD8D69

3AB752

CDDA67

CD8D69

18F9

3AB652

322P6A

2A2B6A

222B6A

CDF8E7

222B6A

FE24

CDE668

FE8D

CDe26D

D68A

□a

CDB3G8

118880

2A2B6A

CDA56B

3AB252

0686

ED5B386A

ED533e6A

CDBE53

213432

B598B
B5918
8S93S
85938
15948
• 595*
85968
85978
85981
85998
•61*8
■«fI8
#6828
86 8 38
06148
B685B
86 861
16878
06888
06890
0610B
I611B
B612B
06138
86148
8615B
8616B
86178
06188
06198
06200
•6218
86221
06230
86240
86258
06260
06270
06380
86298
06300
06310
06320
B633B
86348
86358
863GB
06378
06380
86390
B64BB
B641B
B642B
06430
0G44B
■6458
■G4G8
86478
86460
8649fl
86588
86518
86528
86530
06548
86550
86568
86570
86588
86598
06GBB
86618
B6628
B663B
06640
BG658
BGG6B
BG678
866 68
B6698
86700
86718
86730
BG73B
0G74B
86750
06760
06770
06788
86790
B6BBB
06610
8G628
86838
86848
86858
86868
06878
86888
86 890
0698
06910
86920
06938
86948
06950

PPG 2

PP27
PP28

PP29

PP31
PP33

PP33

PP34
PHTNXT

A,(3B7PB)

NZ,PP$1

BL,(PP5)

A, (BL)

NZ,PP9

RET

C,A

A,fAfl

DEC

RET

CALL

PP47

PP26

B,A

I,PP31

(PP5) ,BL

A,C

2,PP38

CALL

PP38

CALL

PP39

HL,PF7

A,(HL)

E,PP38

DEC

(BL)

1,PP31

A,B

8CH

I,PP24

NC,PP21

A, BAH

PP47

PUSH

A,(52B3H)

A,ODH

NZ,FP33

A,0AH

PUSH

A,28H

CALL

PRTA

POP

CALL

PBTA

A,{52B7HJ

C,A

XOR

CALL

PP34

POP

RET

INC

DEC

RET

CALL

PBTA

PRTNXT

A,(52B6H)

(PPG) ,A

DE,HL

HL,(PP4)

DE,HL

(PP4) ,HL

CALL

HDRCHK

RET

DE,HL

(PP4] ,HL

A,(HL)

24H

RET

INC

CALL

PP8

BDH

RET

CALL

KK8

SUB

BAH

RET

CALL

PF3a

A,C

SUB

B,A

DE,BB00H

PUSH

HL, (PP4)

INC

CALL

PP41

A,(52B2H]

SUB

•6B

C,A

PUSH

DE,(PP78)

INC

(FF78) ,DE

CALL

53BEB

POP

HL,5234H

INC

XOR

DEC

A,(BL)

IKC

Listing conlinuet

172 • 80 Micro, May 1983

CoCo RAM WARS VICTOR
— APPROACHES 96K —

The speci'icalioos tor the CoCo s memory con
trol device allow 'of 96K atJOfess locations
which Ihe CoCo eiploils as lollows saOOO la
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and carlridge ROM 10000 1o $7FFF are man
aged by a software conlrolled page bil allowing
tor iKvo pages of DPAM with 32K each Ihe CoCo
ooe'ating system uses one o( these pages toi a
maiimum o( 32K DRAM

Wilh the ROM locations overlaid with DRAM
and with 64K of DRAM installed ai the oaged
locations, machine language software can oc
cupy almost 96K ol DRAM eiduding system
reserved space

To receive circuit diagrams and construction
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File boxes: each file box holds 12 issues, nilh spines
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CREATE YOUR OWN
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NAMES, ADDRESSES. AND TELE-
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SEARCH YOUR DIRECTORY BY
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DIAL PHONE NUMBERS USING
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PROGRAM IS TRANSFERABLE TO
DISK AND COPIES ITSELF.
SUPPLIED ON CASSEHE WITH
INSTRUCTIONS. SPECIFY MODEL

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-See List ol Advartisars on Page 371

80 Micro, May 1983 • 173

Continutd from p. 168

The H may be upper- or lowercase,
and any number of conditional hyphens
can appear in a word. For example,
constitutionality could be typed:

con< HslK HliK HtioivC HaK HK Hty

Conditional hyphens are particularly
helpful when using variable-length data
from a merged file to avoid having a hy-
phenated word appear in the middle of
a line. They're also handy when print-
ing narrow columns for newsletters.

File Merge

Pencil-Plus includes its own file-merge
capability. Data from a record can be in-
serted in the text during printing when
indicated by the text. Then the printing
is repeated with data from the follow-
ing records until all records have been
processed.

Figure 6 is a section of a data file. It is
called by the short letter in Fig. 7. The
final result is shown in Fig. 8.

The beginning of data insertion is sig-
naled with <D and ended with <E. Be-
tween these symbols is the field to be in-
serted. For example:

<DNAnE<E

<DFIRST<E

<DADDRESS<E

<DCITV<E

<DSTATE<E

<DZIP<E

<DPHONE<E

<DCOnnENT<E

<D<E

<DM. H. Bludg«on<E

<DHilb«rt<E

<DC«11 4Sa, Stat* Prison<E

<DFalBOM<E

<DCa<E

<D940&6<E

<D<40e) 2Z3-679KE

<Dauthor of th« book, "CrHtiva Accounting far Bankar>'<E

<D<E

<DH. A. Sn»M]<£

<DHubart<E

<D1 Hilltop Rd.<E

<DBav»rly Hills<E

<DCA<E

<D94002<E

<D(213) 443-1122<E

<DDlr»ctor of Povvrty, Inc., National Charitiva A*s'n<C

<D<E

<DA. V. NaBtrilhalr<E

<DArnold<E

<D123 PanthouBS Pl«za<E

<DNm« York<E

<DNY<E

<D10017<E

<D<H<E

<DPmld«nt Of SwMT Sw-vlc*, InfKE

<D<E

Fig. 6. Data File Section

<dNAME<e

This inserts data from the name field
of the current record in place of the
<dNAME<e in the text. Line and page
lengths, headers, page numbers and
right justification are adjusted for data
length.

Any text that uses a merge file must
signal this intention to Pencil-Plus on
the first line of text. The program will
then be prepared to print a copy of the
text with data from each record. The
text must begin with the data symbol
followed immediately by the file specifi-
cation of the merge file:

<dMERGE/TXT

Any file extension can be used; if
none appears then /PCI. is assumed. If
the file is not found, the screen clears
and the following message is displayed:

FILE NOT FOUND

PRESS <ENTER> WHEN CORRECTED

Insert the disk containing the merge
file in a drive and press the enter key to
continue. If you have made an error in
typing the file specification, or have for-
gotten the name of the file, press break
to return to the text . Read or correct the
file specification, return the cursor to
the <D and resume printing.

To obtain a copy of your letter with-
out invoking the series of data-merge

174 • 50 Micro, May 1983

<D5AnPLE6

August 1, 19B2

<DNAnE<E

<DADDftESS<E

<DCITY<E, <DSTATE<E

<DZIP<E

D«ar <DFIRST<E,

As <DCOHMENT<E,

urn ara cartaln you n1 1 1 ba Intarastad

to knoM that our famoua

non-allp spaghatti forks ara

□nca

again in stock and that

ordars ara noM baing takan.
Bast Ragards,

Har aan Hoo 1 ay
5a las Managar
Faacxis Fork Co.
1 Main Straat
Hot Springs, ND
77623

Fig. 7.

teller Calling Ihe Data File

copies, place the cursor beyond the file-
spec and command a print . One copy of
the letter will be printed showing the
field names without the terminating <D
and <E.

The <D and <E can be upper- or low-
ercase as can be the field names within the
text file. Pencil-Plus will match the field
name of the text with that of the merge
file even if they are not in the same case.

If Pencil-Plus encounters a field not

included in the merge file, it assumes
that this information is to come from
the keyboard. The printer bell sounds to
alert the operator, the screen clears, and
an insert prompt appears followed by
the field name.

Up to 255 characters can be inserted
in this manner. Although the data is not
formatted on the screen, printing will
respect justification, line and page

Ctinlinues on p. 178

Auguat 1, 19S2

H. A. Snmmd
1 Hilltop Rd.
Bvvarly Hills, CA
9400Z

D«*r Hubert,

As Diractor of PovartVf Inc., National Charltivs
Ass'ni **m ara cartaln you will ba Intaraatad to knot* that our
fa«oufi non— slip spaghattl forks arm onca again in stock and
that ordars ara nOM balng takan.

Bast Ragards,

I tsraan Htxjlay
Sal as nan agar
FaaouB Fork Co.
1 Main Straat
Hot Springs, NO
77&2S

August 1, 1982

A. V. Nostrllhalr
123 PanthouB* Plaza
Nbm York, NV
10017

Dmv Arnold,

As Prasidant of O awr Barvica, Int'l, wa arm cartaln
you Hill bs intarastad to knot* that our faaous non-slip
■paghatti forks arm onca again in stock and that ordars ara
noM baing takan.

Bast Ragards,

Haraan Wool ay
Sal as Hanagar
FaMous Fork Co.
1 ruin Straat
Hot Springs, NO
77623

August 1, 19BZ

1H. H. Sludgaon
Call 4Sa, Stata Prison
FolsoM, Ca
9406&

Daar Mllbart,

As author of tha book, "Craativa Accounting for
Bankars", Ma ara cartain you Mill ba Intarastad to know that
our faaous non— slip spaghattl forks ara onca again In stock
and that ordars ara noM baing takan.

Bast Ragards,

Haraan Wool ay
Sal as Nanagar
Faaous Fork Co.
1 Haln Straat
Hot Springs, ND
77623

Fig. S. Resulting Letter

Experience ihe fcel-
\of of taw pD^rr.
CImmmc ytxir vlraiegy
10 |um1c youf iroops
lafdy to thdr ncninit
(round amidM the bar-
reye or &1mI1s &al^c^. ami
even kiictien snk% Ihsi
your mercileu enemy. Ihe
Cloud People, rain tlnu-n
upon you. A& fcarleu IcaJer
of ll»e s|iem>vi'\. you can
make Ihe difference between
ipitrow mrvlval and bird
deflrudion. No« yoti can rule
Itie roan as eIm brain behind the birds— iIk
brave SPARROW CXiMMANDI-R
An:ade. Sound

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^5*« LIsI of Advmrtlswi on Pupa 371

80 Micro, May 1983 • 175

SOFTCOMM

MODEL l/lll

SMART TERMINAL

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CHECK, MONEY ORDER or COD

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Dlng on oreoald o'ders for continental
U.S. Aaa $2,00 tor ofders outside con-
tlnenial U.S. Aliyj- 2 weeks for pcfsonal
chijckis. Pnorie 6 d."i.-9 d.<^. E.S.T. Mor\-
aay-Friaay & 9-5 Saturday. ,-356

ADEL COMPUTER MART (302)492 8463
Dept. 10 Bo- 195 • Harlly, Dt 19953

Lafmg conlinued

6B3B
6830
e83E:
6e3F
6840
6641
6842
6843
6845
6848
684B
6940
6358
6853
6854
6855
6857
63b9

sesc

6eSD
685E

eesF

6861
6864
6867
6BE8
6B69
6B6A
6B6C
6B6F
6870
6B71
6874
6877
6878
687B
6B7D
6B7E
6BB1
6B82
6883
68B4

28F-A

3E20

CDDA67

216EGA

eE06

CDA56a

213452

2082

3E3a

CDFF68

20FB

212F6A

3AB452

3EeA

CDFF6B

F26C6B

ZA2DeA

CDF568

3804

222D6A

C36D6D

6867 ee

6886 IE
6869 00
6e8A 14
6B8B 00
6e8C BF
6B8D 00
6BeE 12

easF

6B92
6893
6896
6899
689A
E89B
6B9C
6e9D
6B9E
6BA1
6eA3
6 8A5
68A6
6 8A7
68A8
68A9
68AC
saAE
6BBa
6BB3
6BB4
6 886
6BB9
688A
6 SBC
6BB0
6BBE

6Bce

6BC1
68C3
68C6
6BC7
68CA
68CB
6 BCD
6 8CE
68CF
68D1
68D2
68D4
68D7
6808
68QB
68DC
6BDE
6BDF
6SE1
68E4

3A2A6A

322A6A

2A1F52

CDFF68

FE20

2BF5

CDFF6 8

FE20

20F5

3AAE52

28EF

3A2A6A

2S11

2014

28E2

3A296A

CDDE6 8

1BD8

2aF2

B2
26D1
3A296A
87

C4DE68

18C7

3E2fl

CDFF68

06960
06970
06980
06990
07000
07010
07020
07030
07040
07050
07060
B7B70
07080
07090
07100
07110
07120
07130
07140
07150
07160
07170
07180
07190
07200
07210
07220
07 23
07240
07250
07260
07270
07260
B7290
0730B
07310
07320
07330
07340
07350
07360
07370
07390
07400
07 410
07 420
07430
07 440
07460
07470
07480
07 4 90
07500
07^10
07520
07530
07550
07570
07580
07 590
07600
07610
07620
07630
07640
07650
07660
B7670
07680
07690
07700
07710
07720
07730
07740
07750
07760
07770
077 80
07790
07 800
07 810
07 820
07 830
07 840
07 850
07 860
07 870
•78H

07 ew

07 MO

07910
07920
07 930

07940
07 950

07 96
07 970
07 9BB
07 990
08000
08010
08020
08030
0B040
0B050

PP36

PP37

pp3a

I •
I *

• »

; •'

X2
X3
X4

PP41

PP43

PP4 5

PP4 6

INC

POP

SUB

CALL

INC

DEC

IHC

CALL

DEC

POP

CALL

XOR

RET

PUSH

»Z,COHTPT
C

A,C

C,A

A,20H

PP34

H L.PAGE

COGH

PP41

aL,5234H

A,(HL1

NZ,PP35

A,30H

PP47

A,(HL)

N2,PP3S

HL,PP6

A,(5284H)

C,A

A,0AH

PP47

(HL)

P,PP36

HL,[PP51

ed in place
of <E to mark the end of a data field in
a merge file. The clear/up arrow will be
used as a conditional hyphen, and will
appear as a [ or 7CH. The unshifted @
sign will replace the <G for graphics
codes and will appear as a ' or 60H
character. The 'mbols will
appear somewhat different, but will
function properly.

You may have decided to use the ad-
vanced capabilities of Pencil-Plus and
wish to convert your old files into the
advanced format. The conversion is
done as follows.

Load the file to be converted and
place the cursor at the beginning of the
file. Select the conversion character
used for the file, such as <, and turn
your printer off. Command a print and
hold the break key. The text will be
displayed in the advanced format and
can be saved to disk.

There are many tricky combinations
that you can use with Pencil-Plus.
Figure 9 is a demonstration of a
template or outline to save the repeated
effort of formatting a document. It can
contain a company logo or letterhead,
show the typist where to insert the date
and salutation, and permit entry of a
number of paragraphs. When enough
has been typed, press enter to the re-
maining prompts and the proper closing
will be typed. The same result can be
achieved by placing items such as the
company logo and closing in boilerplate
paragraphs.

Another trick you can use is a dum-
my merge data file with a single dummy

WAYNE GREEN BOOKS

■^

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by Ceoffe Yuung tnd Pete Stark

Ualoi iBwnins ibilniiifci fun utd wmf Fim pi^ilad w a wrin tn KtfobMui/ AHftwo wtp ntlm. th«
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oiloneoiapuler TV etinc* InMnjettoiHl methodi of wthon Young li Starli mah* KIUWAUI)
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BKT36fi (419 pasMl 114.96

liil

THE SELECTRIC INTERFACE b> CeorKe YounR

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liKli-vS ;ir> !-*;«-■ ■ •li-*'

_,. >•■) <-HI

TEXTEDIT

A Conafiloto Wotd Piiiiiwiin SyiteB ia Kit Form
by IPK-in RAppapofl

TfXrCDrr U an iiiw|ifi ■ wvfd procawof Ihal can ba adaptad la aiM y«ui <jklf«tng aaadi — (rofn
lotv laltm to leiV*>r Iv^ Wrttlaa h TM-aO DM BASIC tha lyilm coiiMi <4 ipwal imkU»,
pcrnlttlag ilw kadliig and uot of only thtm porttan* aaaded A dkli li iIki available wMcli piarldK
thadlract loading <4 Ihctnodjln, hcniwvef, ihahouk u reqiiredfot documcnUtlan. Par Model l&nd
III with TRSDOSCOWem . anedM drha(2 diik dn«aorcaf>r utlUt> neaded lolraarfer h> lyftan
dldi) Ranundef TRSDOS2.2(t3 May not fuectlan under otiwr eyelHni

BK7397 (bodk, BO pmm) W.07

D67387 (aU) •W.97

Dbk is maniif«cmred by Inctmnt Softwarr, a dhidon of Wtyne Graen Inc.

TBZnDIX

« oompleto
synam in

Irwmlapwpan

AifArnaaatit
mBLECJinoig

led

'^S^cl

ANNOTATED BASIC

A N«w Twbnltiw hm Nraph>-tB
Hill >auf BASIC kmrnMr- m «^<vi lu* you wOh thti 2-roIump irt <4 TRIi-W Lavtt II HASIC (mv-
.^Btnt Cain a l««trt (indrnluHhnK <rf Itw ileniaBb and ltvlii*|iio Imolvad IB pnifraBWnlilg. AN-
N< rTATtT) bask: S iviiqoat) daiipwt fonMt be«ak> aacfc pniffam d<MrT lor >u«i In baJtafat Wtfal
.hxiiniHitalKm and IntracMon. dAdUm «< Nm BASIC. CuncsTtk flowHurl. ■nnoUttoai ol HD-
■»iai», *ir»1iig hcrv itmct, part fto b*o ifca wMe. and nj^uintni *!»>■ cwlair BASIC cowaimdi •»
>4»nm cnrr riinilai <jn«.

I '^im thf> pnijtranv u thrs arr nr nuaiUyinK ibt-ai lo Aaepcs war pvo^aniKiint ifcltU. A.MNOTAT-
tD KVAC b a Mpful UmI Uw an> BASIC prom^minFr

BK73M f Vol. 1.152 pafw) tWM

BK7:IW(Vd.2. 136p««wl »IO.BB

COMPUTER CARNIVAL b> HM*nl KaimUa

Yovt cfciM can becaiiw a LTatkor^cA owniNilrriot witb t)«- d>t> TKS-W la^H EI [ra-
jpwm In COMPirrKH CANNIV AI . THt laiyMype. viral bound book fot bcftnwn
11 a ^vitable funlioii« nf iQiini^. fCiafihm, <f iteaia and pimloi Wriltm In WJ Ub-m
cvluninW Hlcbant Hamilla, Ihr program arv chalirngUig •aouji^ to eamn conba-
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FOR TOLL-FREE ORDERING CALL 1-800-258-5473
WAYNE GREEN BOOKS' PETERBOROUGH NH 03458

Mdinfcn>alMM.<vaa.Mi:iaAM£XM^tad|NoCOD.<.ntrn>[xi1*d AltiwifcnKMIl.Sl^tarilvflnt b»*. {HMaflFaad liawianicll WmA

u^t (wd infcmalMM. <Vlu. mi: v AM£X aanptad I

■<Utloi^ haah. IIOJIO ^r boot foMlffi ik ■>«< PImot alfew 4-« oa^ ^ta« puUitattun (ut Mivtt> V^^t^nu n^nLa« yoar oi^ttt lialM MM »

LialsaiM liarkisa al Uii afauva adilmk.

aO Micro. May 1963 • 179

lookngain

Ccntpiitfic Clothes "^

Ths Original Sott-W«ar Comput*r Covar

Give yout TRS-BO* Model III handsome.
sVlish PROTECTION from dirt, dust, static
electricitv DRESS IT SMARTLY in the
Computer Clothes cover

UHigh-tech grey and biack
[JUntless, top-quality cofton blend
nFully lined tor double protection
ZlWoshoble. neec/s no ironing
GFull 30 day warranty, money
refunded if not completetv satisfied
Eoch cover S35 00 plus S2 00 shipping
ond handling. New Yofk residents cxJd
sales tax

Please send ct>eck monev order.

Of VISA /MasterCard number

and ex pi rot ion date to

Home Worl<s

7W Bfoodwav. Suite 325, NY, NY 10003

[212]982-2d06

Pieaie allow d to weeks (or delivery vio UPS

SoFfy no C O D

'TRS 80 IS O ircxlemark ot Tanay Corporation _^270

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ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

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BALANCE FORWARD 99 TRANSACT COOES
-»60 90 1?0 AGED STATEMENTS SHOW
DATE/INV«/DeSCHIP/AMT (W/ITM AGEING)
SELECTIVE FINANCE CHARGES S RATES

FAST ENTRY POSTING W/AUOIT REPORT
SUB-ACCTS % OF CREDIT LIMIT DATE OF
LAST PAYMENT SALES ANALYSIS SPf CIAL
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$149.95

GENERAL LEDGER

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t REPORT FLEXIBILtTY/CAPACrrY

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lli.SASAi.l3VdV310UVlSMai.SASAJ.')

180 • 80 Micro. May 1983

f^Jf^X r-IClLJSTAIZtHE: WAX

1234 nuggvr ' ■ Lans
N«M York, N. Y.

C:OMF»**IMV

Nova^iar II, 1962

KAiaar Wilhvla, II
X Royal Palac*
1 iMpvriAl Hay
Badanfaurg , East Pruaml a
OOOOl

Daar Royal Hlghnvsa,

Am a national trand sattar, *•• knoM that you
Mant to look your bast. Frankly, your latast portrait
your Boustacha as baing a littla droopy.

You'va probably r>oticad in tha haat of battla tha
■oustacha taaxas tand to aoftan and lat your Hhiskars
This can ba particularly upaatttng tthmn only tha up-sun a
af f actad, praaanting a aost un— Prussian appaaranca?

You'll ba plaasad to knoM that Ajax Houatacha Wax
baan tastad in tha Bobi by a famous Kahn. Not only di
hold up to tha haat of tha sands, it andurad aora than
hours of pillaging Mithout a sag!

Ma Nould ba happy to sand you a yaar's fraa suppl
you Hill agraa to andorsa our product in tha Royal
Honthly.

Sincaraly Vours,

alutays

shoMad

t aost

doMn.

Ida is

has
d Ajax
savan

y if
Gossip

Rupart Jittnay
Sal as Hanagi

RJ:ab

Fig. 10. Resulling Letter

field. Call the file with a letter that asks
for merge data. Since there won'l be a
comparable field, Pencil-Plus will
prompt you to enter it from the key-
board, even though it is in the midst of
the text. This is a good application for
lengthy boilerplate paragraphs full of
such phra-ses as. . .the party of the first
part . . . ; for the sum of . . . ; or . . . re-
leases the parly of the second part . . .

Notes on the Source Code

Unless you arc using EDTASM
PLUS or EDAS, the source code won't
fit if you include the comments. I sug-
gest you omit them and refer to the list-
ings for debugging and patching. This
will save some effort in keying in the
1,700-plus lines of code.

The area from 6100H to 61FFH is
not used, although it will be overwritten
when printing data-merge documents.
If you wish, you can insert much of the
early program code there and have
some space left for patching. The byte
at 6200H is the module number, and en-
try is at 6201 H.

The source code includes a 15 byte
hook. You can load your own routine
into high memory and use the hook to
look for and jump to it, or to patch into
Pencil-Plus. This would be a good place
to put a justification routine for your
proportional font printer; custom print
fonts for use with dot-addressable
printing; or graphics drawing and print-
ing routines.

Those who do not wish to key in and
debug the program can obtain a copy
on disk for $25. The disk will include
the source code, an operating module,
printer customizing program and sam-
ple files. Checks can be made payable to
the Laguna Salada Union School Dis-
trict Computer Fund (or LSUSDCF)
and mailed to: LSUSDCF, c/o Dan
Robinson, 1625 Higgins Way, Pacifica,
CA 94044. You can obtain a new pro-
gram and help our students become
computer literate at the same time.B

Dan Robinson fives at 1625 Higgins
Way, Pacifica. CA 94044.

Scanned by Ira Goldklang - wwwlrs-80 com

ARE YOU TIRED OF BLASTING ALIENS?

Have you had too much of firing laser cannons, guarding fuel cannisters. eating ghosts, avoiding missiles, and just plain getting killed off
in pursuit of a few points? Or maybe you never really liked arcade games in the first place; either way. there is a program that you shouldn't
be without. The name of this program:

SUPREME RULER

You become leader of a small and struggling country, attempting to stay alive, and expand if you can Your government will have to deal

with the many things every government runs in to: things like protecting your economy (or else risk a recession), providing services and food

lor your people, stimulating industry and encouraging new business, managing your government revenues, and controlling your army. From

1 to 4 players can take part if you have 16K of memory, or up to 9 players with more memory. If you don't have enough people around, you

can assign any number of the countries for the computer to control. (The computer is a worthy opponent, and it plays by all the rules!) You

won't quickly become tired of this program, since you will have to make very many decisions to become a successful ruler; you must ponder

tax rates, food distribution, government services, large-scale loans, your army's status, your battles, and much more.

Included with the program is a 40 Page Handbook on how to rule a country successfully. (It is 8 1/2 by 1 1 inches, spiral bound; most business

programs don't have a manual as good as ours!) The program is top-quality with excellent input and display routines.

The 16K and 32K versions are provided together on cassette; the 32K version contains a SAVE GAME feature. PRICE: $18.50

A 32K version (with SAVE GAP^E) is provided on diskette. PRICE: $20.50

For those of you with 48K: SUPREME RULER PLUS!

We fill up the extra memory with features such as Research/Development spending to make your army more efficient, a credit rating system,
expanded reports for information about your country, more intelligent computer opponents, selectable computer "skill levels" (the computer
countries can be anything from "Defensive" to "Aggressive"), and MUCH MORE!
With a 50 + Page manual (re-written specifically for SUPREME RULER + ), and the program provided on either Cassette or Diskette.PRICE: $26.50

(Note Any SUPREME RULER Purchaser can upgrade to SUPREME HULER ^ al any lime D-y relurninQ ttie original disk(casselle and paying only the difference m price plus i1 shipping )

AND FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO ARE NOT TIRED OF ARCADE GAMES

EXTERMINATE'

This 100% Machine Language program will challenge any arcade-game player. An original idea (as tar as we know), in which your job is
to prevent hordes of alien "BUGS" from escaping out of an underground cavern, by destroying ("Exterminating") them. For the novice, this
game becomes only gradually more difficult, so as not to intimidate the player. But for an advanced player, there are methods of getting
to the higher skill levels very quickiy. EXTERMINATE! is a game with quality graphics and sound, and surprises to keep you busy at every
new skill level.

EXTERMINATE: 16K and 32K versions on same Cassette ■ $15.50
Model I/Ill 32K program on Diskette - $17.50

CLEARANCE!!!

We conslanlly enamine and update our software oKenngs in order lo make sure Ihal
ihey all live up lo our current fiign standards of qualify, and sornetimes we remove a
program from our line up This recently happened to our bailie simulation program. The
BATTLE ot ZEIGHTV So now we have stopped producing it, but we still have a pile of
them slocked up in our invenlory To get iid of them, we've cut the price IN HALF' (Previous
purchasers have been compensated ) With Ihls special offer Ihere will be no warranty
Other than the Media Guarantee |There will be no updates or returns)
This is not to say that The BATTLE of ZEIGHTY isnt a good program, il is a well made
one player game II allows you to sel up a small army lo your own specifications, and
then you must use it to try lo take over the fictional Zeighly Pass Vou give each of your
army divisions Specific orders, while the compuler plays tfie defending army The display
IS satisfactory, consisling ot a "Map" that sfiows the position ot Ihe army divisions Land
features llerram) are not taken in lo account. But you'll have enough to keep you busy
The program contains a wtde sel ot commands and options (such as mines, artillery,
4 diCerent division lypes and more) II also has a Duilt in "HELP' function
With a 20 page, full size manual, for 16K, Cassette S 8.95

32K. Oiskelle $10.9S

OUR "TRIPLE PROTECTION"
GUARANTEE

In today's software world it is hard to tell a good program from a t>ad one by only a magazine
ad, that s why JMG has a warranty plan thai will guarantee your satisfaction Hare is our
'Triple Protection " guarantee:

1) QUALITY GUARANTEE: If you are unsatisfied with the software product you have pur
chased, you may return il (in good condition) wilhin 14 days for a refund, less a S2 handl-
ing charge (We also asK that you send us a briel teller slating Ihe reason lor your relurn,]

2) UPDATES GUARANTEE: We always listen lo our customers, and we often improve and
eipand our software products on the basis of Iheir comments It we make an improvement
to a product and release a new version, all our previous purchasers will be notified and
offered Ihe update. To receive an update, you only have 10 relurn your original disk plus
J1 lor shipping costs

3) MEDIA GUARANTEE: The diskette or cassette has a Liletime Guarantee If yours turns
out to be deleclive, or it fails and you do not have any backups made, ttien |usl return the
dtsk^casselle and we'll replace il

TO ORDER:

Just pull out a piece of paper and write the following information down:

1) Your name and address (including zip/postal code)

2) The program you would like.

3) Disk or Cassette?

4) State the computer you own, (Model 1 or ill? How many Disk drives?
16K, 32K, or 48K?)

5) Enclose either payment (check / money order) OR Credit Card name &
number, and expiry date.

6) Mail It to JMG, to eitfier ot our addresses.

OR
Go and see your nearest dealer. It he doesn't carry JMG programs, shout
at him a bit.

..^^z

^ 126

THE FINE PRINT:

We accept VISA and MasterCard

All prices in IJ S Funds

Please allow 1 or 2 weel*s for PERSONAL CHECKS to r.lear

SHIPPING CHARGES are J2,00 in North America, S5 (M

overseas

It you order 2 or more (Jfograms, there is no snipping charge

in North America; 1/2 charge (S2 50| overseas

P.O. BOX 598
FALLS STATION,
NIAGARA FALLS, N.Y.
U.S.A. 14303

710 UPPER JAMES ST.
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CANADA L9C 2ZB
(416) 3B9-6086

DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED

Software Authors: Do you have a new and original program? Why not check us out! Our royalties are worth looking in to.

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T5N 1R7

TRS-80 MODEL II
DISPLAY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

SAVE MONEY

Big reductions in program size
SMILE

Easy to use

Your spouse will like It

Your kids will love It
SAVE TIME

Assembler language speed

Interactive map generation
RELAX

We intend to set the standard

in screen management

.VaCROWAVES

Computer Products "^

Bridle Road, Antrim NH 03440
TeL 603-352-7725

Lalmg ronnnued

699D Fl
e99E IF
699F PS
GSAB CDB7G9
t9A3 DCBBG9
e9A6 BD
e9A7 2BP4
G9A9 21BE52
69AC CB4E
69AE CCBB69
69B1 Fl
69B2 Fl
69B3 El
e9B4 CI
69BS FB
e9BG C9
6987 3E11
e9B9 1802
69BB 3E10
69BD D3FF
e9BF 21B0BB
e9CB
69C2 2B
69C3 7C
fi9C4 B5
S9C5 2BPB
69C7 C9
(9CB CDC901
69CB B64B
69CD llflB3E
6900 2Air52
69D3 7E
69D4 FE21
69Dfi 38B5
69DB 12
69D9 23
e9DA 13
69DB 1BF6
690D B13ABB
69EB 11823D
G9e3 2134eA
6 9 EC EDBB
69EB 3A7F3e
69EB B7
G9EC 28FA
e9EE 21BBBfl
69F1 221D52
69P4 2A1F52
69F7 CDFF52
69PA C9
6 9FB 22
69PC 33
69FD 44
G9FE 55
&9FF 6G
6ABB 77
6AB1 AA
GAB 2 CC
GAB3 CE
6AB4 B26A
GAB6 BIFB
GABS B1C4
GABA 0BE1
GABC BB6F
GABE B03G
GAIB Bal9
GAIZ BBAB
GA14 BBB3
«A1« B2C2
GAIB B241
GAIA B2B6
6A1C B102
6A1E 0B8B
6A2a BB3F
6A22 BBID
6A24 0BCB
6A2e 0fB4
(A2B BB
GA29 BB
&A2A IB
GA2B B0BB
fiA2D B0BB
6A2P BB
6A3B IBBB
6A32 B0
GA33 BB
eA34 50

52 49
55 45
4D 49
2D 2fl

GA4F 4C

49 4E
57 20

53 20
4C 45

6AGE SB

41 47

iSllB

PRTH

POP

0912B

RRA

09130

PUSH

09140

CALL

09150

CALL

B91GB

DEC

B917B

09ieB

B919B

BIT

092BB

CALL

a921B

POP

0922B

POP

e923B

POP

09240

POP

B925B

092GB

RET

B927B

PRTN

09280

B929B

PHTO

B9300

PRTP

OUT

09310

09320

PRTQ

EQU

B933B

PRTR

DEC

0934B

09358

093GB

0937B

BET

09380

LLERR

CALL

09390

09408

09418

09428

LERDSP

09438

09448

B945B

0946B

INC

09470

INC

09480

DJNZ

09490

LLERMS

09500

B951B

09520

LDIR

B9530

CHKKEY

09540

09550

09568

fl957fl

09560

0959B

CALL

B96B0

RET

B9GIB

BDTBL

DEFB

B962B

DEFB

B9G30

DEFB

I964B

DEFB

B96SB

DEFB

B9GG0

DEFB

89G7B

DEFB

B9G80

DEFB

89698

DEFB

B97BB

BAUD 2

DEFK

89718

DEFW

89728

DEFW

89738

DEFW

B974B

DEFW

B975B

DEFW

B9760

DEFW

09778

DEFW

B978B

DEFW

B979B

BAUD3

DEFW

09B00

DEFW

09810

DEPM

09820

DEFW

09630

DEFW

B9840

DEPN

B9B5B

OEPN

09860

DEFW

09870

DEFH

09880

PPl

DEFB

89890

PP2

DEFB

89918

PP3

DEFB

89918

PP4

DEFH

89928

PP5

DEFW

B993B

PPG

DEFB

09948

PP70

DEFW

09958

PP7

DEFB

09968

ppe0

DEFB

09978

LLEMSG

DEFH

4B 54 2B

52 45

53 54 20

54 45

4E 41 54

45 44

B998B

45 20 42 45 4C

45 58 43 45 45

50 52 49 4E 54

4E 47 54 48

09990 PAGE
45 28

IBBIB J ••"

1BB20 I *

1B03B t *

1004f ; *

1005B I •

1B06B t *

1BB7I t •

10888 ( •••'

DEFH

PRTN

CPRTO

NZ.PRTH

HL,52BeH

1,(HL1

I,PRTO

A,11H

PRTP

A,10H

(BFFH) ,A

HL.BBBBH

$-02H

A.H

NZ,PRTR

01C9H
B,40H
DE,3E80H
HL,(521FH)
A,(HL]
21H

C , LLERMS
(DE) ,A
HL
DE

LERDSP
BC,003AH
DE,3D82H
HL, LLEMSG

A,(3B7FH)

Z,CHKKEy

BLrBBBBH

(521DH} ,HL

HL,{521FH)

52FFH

22H

33H

4411

55H

6GH

77H

BAAH

aCCK

BEEH

6AB2H

BFSBIH

0C401H

0E100H

eF00u

36BBH

1908H

0AB00H

03BBH

BC2B2H

4102H

861211

B2B1B

880BH

3P00H

1DB0B

BCB0BH

8400H

BBH

BBBBH

0BB0H

BBH

BBBBH

BBH

08H

'PRINT REQUEST TERMINATED

'LINE BELOW EXCEEDS PRINT LENGTH'

'PAGE

THE PCLPLU5 NARKING CHARACTER HAY BE SET FROM

THE PCLPLUS MENU BV TYPING 'PC' AND THE

DESIRED CHARACTER

IF A SPACE IS ENTERED AS TBE PCLPLUS CHARACTER,

THE KEYBOARD WILL BE MODIFIED TO PERFORM THE

FOLLOWING FUNCTIONSi

t.iilmi <-(Ht;(niics

182 • 80 Micro. May 1983

WE'VE DONE ITAGAIN!

ourTRS-80 MODEL (II PRICES have NEVER BEEN LOWER

1 TRS-80

1^— i^-*i

■■k=-I^H~

^^^^^^^!^^m

rrS NO SECRETl
It's no seem u to uvt>v w« can tetl
TRS-80 computer equipmint for
test. Low ovsrhaad — ttut's rha re»-
•on— pure, simple artd sirsight' As
ffvervonc knows. Radio Shack is b
huge coroorsTion .with huge ex-
penses. We are able to buy l^c ture-
boncs computers Irorn Radio
Shack To thsM computers. «ve add
Our □ATI memory chips, disk drives.
cebtas. etc The result is a computer
svslem which i« equal to, or m manv
cases, superior lo the one you would
gel from Radio Shack m bach price
ar>d perforrnance capabiitnas. There
IS one thing that vou don I get from
Radio Shack— their 90 dav warranty.
WTiat votj get m iis place is the
SMClusive I BO days Arnerican SmaH
Busir>eftS Cornpuier's Warranty So .
it you hk» the Radki Shack computer,
bji dent like the price. CHECK IT
OUTl!!

TRS-80
MODEL III

48 K, Two 40 Track
Drives ... $1 499.95
48 K,

So Dr^9S

CASSETTE RECORDER
RS-232 Interface

$55

$92

Also Available with Double Sided
and 80 Track Drives

CALL FOR MORE /INFORMATION

WE HAVE THE NEWEST
RADIO SHACK PRODUCTS

CALL FOR PRICES

n-tst *m oua CAjH discoumtio rmat. c oa wo chawi oeosm aw s% hjshir ali computiw ak skwves

FPEiGMTCMKCT r«C«» yECMCAltONS AMOAMA«JMiLITVAM SulLIKTrDIXAMCf MtTMOUT iMrnct •Wfe«MPEI»-
«MH COMTUTf NS *M TUOIUAUKS Of INTESNAnOHAl 9KHmtm HUaaNeS INC TwrsO fr SAMO SHACK AHE TKMic-
IMWIS or TAhOV RMPOIUTNM

J'Z^r

K9 18/829-4844 SmaLI
AMERICAN Business

^^^ H.\ss "oSsjim computers

NEED INK) QUICK?

T»«en war cv mi« auiMnatM TOLL 'RCf
•nawwin^ MifchMM LMw* foui iir>*«e
*«■& »nt phm* nwnew RaouitM Miti b*

nwM ltreiMenMW'ild»v IMrMVMAH

<e> aw<w tA*eneea»nwi»»e pio M iiia.

•■ eMMw «•« to ai'jBweie to •«»

CAiLl-IO0->31-3l«t

Ldlmg cofiiinuee

10l9f 1 ■ <CLEAR> J - ESCAPE CHARACTER [IBB] *

GBBG 23

11198

INC

1B10B I • OB <P •

6B07 CD67 44

112BB

CALL

DOS 2

IBllB I • LOWER-CASE '8'* 3 DIGITS - *

6B8A 3Ee7

1121B

A,07H

1BI20 ) * GRAPHIC AND NON-KEYBOARD CODES ■

68ec CD3D69

11220

CALL

10130 ; • OR <G

6B0F E5

11230

PUSH

1014B ; • <CLEAR>-<DOWW ABBClW> ■ 7BH - LEFT BRACE - •

6518 D5

11240

PUSH

10150 1 ■ HARK START OF FILE MERGE FIELD NAME *

6B11 Cb

11250

PUSH

101G0 ; • OR <D *

6B12 21403C

1126B

HL,3C40H

10170 J • <CLEAR>-<UP ARROW> - 7CH - CONDITIONAL HYPHEN •

6B15 368F

11270

(HL) ,BFH

101BB t * OR <H *

6B17 AS

11280

XOR

10190 ; ■ <CLEAR><BREAK> > 7DH - RIGHT BRACE - ■

GB16 3EFF

11290

A.BFFK

10200 ; * HARK END OF FIELD NAME IN MERGE *

GBlA ED5B2B52

11308

DC,(5226H)

lf210 ; • OR (E •

6B1E 13

11318

INC

1022B ; • ALSO USED AS FORMAT SPECIFIER '

6B1F CDD95B

11320

CALL

SBD9H

10230 J • OR <F •

6822 2A2e52

11330

HL,IS22BH)

1024B J • *

6B25 23

11340

INC

103S0 ; * FORMAT SPECIFIER: L - LINE LENGTH *

6B26 CDD566

11358

CALL

PP10B

1B2GB t * S - LINE SPACING *

6B29 CI

11368

POP

10270 J • H - MARGIN

6B2A Dl

11378

POP

10280 1 • J - JUSTIFY •

GB2B El

11388

POP

1B290 I * C - CHAIN PRINT '

6B2C 23

11390 FMTEND

INC

HI.

1B3BB I * * - BOILERPLATE PARAGRAPH *

6B2D 7E

11408

A, (HL]

1B31B I • X - PROMPTED LINE INPUT '

6B2E FEBD

1141B

BDK

1B32B I • ANYTHING ELSE - BON-PRINTING COMMENT •

6B38 2eBG
6B32 FE7D

11428
11438

JR
CP

Z,FMT3

7DH

6A73 Sf

lfl35B BAl XOR A

GB34 2BAB

11458

Z,FMT1

SA74 3228GA

103G0 LD tPPl) .A

6B3G 18F4

11460

PMTEND

6A77 4F

10370 LD C,A

GB3B 23

11478 FHT3

INC

6A78 47

10380 LD B,A

6B39 221F52

11488

(521PH] ,HL

6A79 7E

10390 LD A,(HL}

GB3C C3736A

11498

BAl

6A7A FE7D

1B400 CP 70H

6B3F 7E

115B0 FMTJ

A, (HL)

6A7C 2B63

1041B JR E.PHTl

GB4B DG3B

11510

SUB

3eH

6A7E 7E

1042B BA2 LD A, (HL)

6B42 32AE52

11520

{52AEH) ,A

6A7F 23

1B43B INC HL

6B45 18E5

11530

FMTEND

eASB FE7B

1B440 CP 7BH

6B47 7E

11540 FHTS

A,(HL)

6Ae2 CC9E6C

1045B CALL Z,HERG3

6B4e 0G3B

11550

&U8

30H

EABS PE7D

10460 CP 7DH

6B4A 32B452

1156B

(52B4K) ,A

BABV CCF86C

10470 CALL Z.HERGS

6B4D ISDD

1157B

FMTEND

6A8A FEBE

104B0 CP 0EH

6B4F CD276E

11S80 FMTL

CALL

NUMB

6A8C 381A

10490 JR C,BA5a

6B52 32B252

11590

(52B2H] ,A

6A8E FEIB

1050B CP IBH

6B55 18D5

1160B

FMTEND

6A9B 2B1F

1B51B JR Z,aA3

6B57 CD276E

11618 FMTM

CALL

NUMB

6A92 FE60

10520 CP 60H

6B5A 32B052

1162B

I52B8H] ,A

6A94 2831

1053B JR Z,BA3A

6a5D leCD

11638

FMTEND

6A96 FE7C

10540 CP 7CH

eaSF 113E52

11640 FHTC

DE,523EH

eA9e 2836

10550 JR Z,BA4

6Be2 23

11650 CHNl

INC

6A9A FE5F

10560 CP 5FH

6B63 CDE76F

11660

CALL

HOVE

6A9C 2003

10570 JR NZ,BA5

6B66 2A2BeA

11670

HL,<PP4)

6A9E 3228GA

10560 LD {PPl),A

6BG9 11B07B

11680

DE,7000H

6AA1 0C

10590 BA5 INC C

6BGC ED532B6A

11690

(PP41 ,DE

6AA2 3AB252

10GBB BA5A LD A,(52B2H)

6B70 7E

11700

A,(HL)

eAA5 B9

1061B CP C

6071 FE24

11710

24R

GAAfi 2BDG

10620 JR NZ,BA2

6B73 2BB6

11720

NZ,CHN2A

6AAB F5

10G3B BA5B PUSH AF

6B75 7E

11730 CHN2

A,[HL)

6AA9 78

10640 LD A,B

6B76 12

11740

(DE) ,A

GAAA 32F4ea

1BG50 LD [COUNT] ,A

6B77 23

11750

INC

6AAD 81

10GGB ADD A,C

6B7B 13

11760

INC

6AAE 4F

10G7B LD C,A

6B79 FEBD

11778

0DI!

6AAF Fl

10GBB POP AF

6B7B 20P8

11788

NZ,CE1N2

GABB C9

10698 RET

GB7D ED532D6A

11790 CHN2A

(PP5] ,DE

GABl 84

10788 BA3 INC B

6BB1 05

11680

PUSH

GAB2 84

ie71B INC S

6BB2 113E52

11B18

DE,523eH

6AB3 7E

lB72fl LD A,(HLI

6885 CDCF6D

11B2B

CALL

OPEN

6AB4 23

10738 INC HL

GB8B El

11B30

POP

6AB5 FE25

107 40 CP 25H

6BB9 CD13Ba

11840 CilN4

CALL

DObtj

GAB7 281C

10758 JR Z,BA6

6BBC 2889

11850

NZ.CHNS

6AB9 rE24

10768 CP 24H

6BBE FE3C

11B60 CHI

3CH

6ABB 2818

10770 JR Z,BA6

6898 CC4F6F

11870

CALL

Z.CORB

GABQ FE2B

1B7B0 CP 2BH

6B93 77

11880

(HL) ,A

BASF 2819

18798 JR Z,BA7

6894 23

11B90

INC

6AC1 FE29

18808 CP 29H

6895 18F2

11900

CHN4

GAC3 2815

18B10 JR Z,BA7

6B97 222B52

11910 CHN5

(5228H) ,HL

GACS 1BB7

10B2B JR BA2

6B9A AF

11920

XOB

6AC7 CD27 6E

10830 BA3A CALL NUMB

6898 77

11930

IHL] ,A

6ACA 23

10848 INC HL

6B9C CD546F

11940

CALL

GACB 04

10850 INC B

689F CDC901

11950

CALL

B1C9H

GACC B4

10860 INC B

68A2 218080

11960

HL,000eH

GACD 04

10870 INC B

6BA5 221D52

11978

(521DH) ,HL

GACE FE7F

10880 CP 127

6BAe El

11980

POP

eAD0 38CF

10890 JR C.BAS

6BA9 C3CC66

11998

PP10A

6AD2 04

10900 BA4 INC B

6BAC D5

1200B BOIL

PUSH

GAD 3 leCD

10910 JR BA5A

G8AD 113E52

12810

DE,523EH

6AD5 32DFGA

1092B BA6 LD (CODE!) , A

6BBe 05

12B2B

PUSH

CADB ieA4

10938 JR BA2

6BB1 7E

12B3B BOILl

A, (HLl

6 ADA 32E06A

1094B BA7 LD (C0DB2) ,A

eBB2 FEGB

12848

60H

GADD 1B9F

10950 JR BA2

GBB4 3802

12058

C,B0IL2

GADF 24

10960 CODCl DEPB 2411

6BB6 E65F

12B60

AMD

5FH

GAEB 29

10970 CODE2 DEPB 29H

6BB8 12

12078 B0IL2

<DE) ,A

GAEl 23

10998 PHTl INC HL

6BB9 23

12BB0

INC

GAE2 7E

1100B LD A.tHL)

6BBA 13

12B9B

INC

6AE3 23

IIBIB FMT2 INC HL

6BBB FE3D

12100

3DH

GAE4 PE2A

I1B2B CP 2AH

6BBD 28F2

12110

NZ,80IL1

GAEG CAACGB

11038 JP Z.BOIL

6BBF IB

12120

DEC

6AE9 E65F

11040 AND 5FH

GBCe 3EBD

12138

A,0DH

GAEB FE4A

IIBSB CP 4AH

6BC2 12

1214B

(DE) ,A

GAED 2B5B

11B6B JR Z,PHTJ

GBC3 111G6C

12158

DE,PARK

6AEP FES3

1107B CP 53H

G8CG 8683

12168

8,3

6AF1 2854

1108B JR Z.FMTS

6BCB 7E

12178 80IL3

A, (HL]

GAF3 FE4C

11B9B CP 4CH

6BC9 12

121BB

(DE) ,A

GAF5 2858

11100 JR Z,PMTL

G8CA 23

1219B

INC

GAP7 PE4D

11110 CP 4DH

GBCB 13

12200

INC

GAF9 2B5C

11120 JR Z,PHT1t

6BCC IBFA

1221B

DJNZ

B0IL3

6AFB FE43

11130 CP 43H

GBCE Dl

12220

POP

6AFD 28G0

1114B JR Z.PMTC

6BCF E5

1223B

PUSH

6APP FB58

lllSB CP BBB

6BD0 CDF7eF

12248

CALL

MOVE2

GBfll 2029

111GB JR NZ.FMTEHD

6BD3 CDCF6D

12250

CALL

OPEN

6B03 CDC9B1

11180 LIHINP CALL 01C9H

6BD6 01166C

12260 B0IL4

BCPARK

184 • 80 Micro, May 1983

PERSONAL COMPUTERS

WE HAVE THE NEWEST TRS-80

MODEL 12

80K

f Slimline drive
2 Slimlint drives

$2799
$3499

48K.

TRS-80-

MODEL III

ITS NO SECRET'

It's no secret as to why we can sell
TRS-80* computer equipment (or
less. Low overhead — That's the rea-
son—pure, simpte arxf straight! As
everyone krwws, Radio Shack is a
huge corporation .with huge ex-
penses. We are able to buv the bere-
borws computers f rom Radio Shack.
To these computers, we add our own memory chips, disk
drives, cables, etc. The result is a computer system which is
equal to. or m many cases, superior to the one you woukl get
from Radio Shack m both price and performance capMbilities.
There isor>e thing that you don't get from Radio Shack— their
90 day warranty What you gel in its place is the exclusive
180 days Arrwrican Small Business Compuler's
Warranty So... if you like the Radio Shack computer, but
don t Ilka the pnce. .CHECK IT OUTIII

48K.>o«wt

$799

$1499

TRS-80IVIOD 16

Why buy a computer that's outdated when you gel it' With
the TRS-80* Mod 1 6, you gel a state-of-the-art Z-BO micro-
processor, which is capable of running hundreds of already
existirtg business programs. You ALSO gel a 68000 series
rmcroprocessor. The new processor gives you true mini-
computer power at a micro price' As the r>ewer. more ad-
varKed software becomes available, you II be ready Oon'1
be left behind! Be preparadi

MODEL 16—1 DRIVE

$4399

MODEL 16 — 2 DRIVE

$4799 ^

DT-1 VIDEO $620

NEW

2 DRIVE EXPANSION FOR
MODEL 12 AND 16!!

Includes 2 8" double sided slimline drives.
Fully compatible with TRS-80- Model 1 2 and
Model 1 6 (as well as the Model II). Comes
complete with cable, ready to plug in.!
Atow in stock for IMMEDIATE delivery f

$1299

^918 829-4844

AMERICAN

SmaU
Business

I II so MILL ST
PRVOR. OK /4yil

COMPUTERS

MEEO INFO QUICK?

^•n j,i«« <M\' oLf •mKOTmimI TCKI *HII
lot p*«4«M intwiMMton «hN to xtt w i M *

CAii 1-000- 331 -StM
-r?" 1-91S-«2fr-4e44

Loimx iiiniiiued

6C93 AF

1334B

XOR

fiBD9 CQ1A6C

12270

CALL

B0IL7

GC94 CD576r

1335B

CALL

CL05E1

GBDC a A

122BB B01L5

Ar(BC)

6C97 77

1336B

(HL) ,A

6BDD FE2A

1229B

2AH

6C9B Dl

1337B

POP

6BDF 2SI7

123BB

Z,B01L6

6C99 C9

1338B

RET

6Bel BE

12319

tHL)
BC

6C9A B0BB

13 3 90 STDRl

DEFW

00BaH

6BE2 B3

1232B

IMC

6C9C: 0B00

13 40B ST0R2

DEFW

BBBBH

6BB3 23

1233B

INC

6C9E 3A0062

13 4 IB MEBG3

A,(62BCR)

GBE4 2BF6

12340

Z,BOIL5

6CA1 FE07

1342B

07H

6B£6 IBEE

1235a

BOIL4

6CA3 C8

1343B

RET

6BE8 2A2852

12360 BOIL6

UL,(5228H}

6CA4 DS

1344B

PUSH

eBEB 23

1237B

INC

6CA5 C5

1345B

PUSH

6BEC E5

1238B

PUSH

GCAG 0600

1346B

B,B

6BE0 CI

12390

POP

GCA6 110062

1347B

DEfWORKl-l

GBEE ES

12400

PUSH

GCAB E5

13480 MERG4

PUSH

6BEF 2A3a52

1241B

HL,(523BH)

GCAC 7E

13490 MERG4A

A,(HL)

eBF2 ED42

12420

SBC

HL,BC

6CAD FE7D

135BB

7DH

GBF4 E5

12430

PUSH

6CAF 2fl0A

13510

Z,lteBC4B

6BF5 CI

12440

POP

6CB1 FE6B

13520

6BH

6BF6 El

12450

POP

6CB3 38B3

13530

C,HER4AA

6BP7 3Ea0

1246B ZERO

A.Bflfl

6CB5 E65F

13540

AMD

5FH

6BF9 77

12470

(HL},A

6CB7 77

13550

(HL) ,A

GBFA 23

124SB

INC

GCBB 23

13560 HER4AA

INC

GBFB 0B

I249B

DEC

6CB9 18P1

13S7B

NERC4A

GBFC 78

125BB

A,B

GCBB El

13588 KERG4B

POP

GBFD Bl

1251B

6CBC E5

13590 KERG4C

PUSH

6BFE 2BF7

12520

NZ,ZERO

6CBD 2B

136BB

DEC

GCBB CD1A£C

12530

CALL

B0IL7

6CBE 2B

1361B

DEC

6Cfl3 CD54eF

12540

CALL

6CBF 13

13620 KERG5

INC

6C»6 AF

1255B

XOR

6CCB 23

13630

INC

6CB7 57

1256B

D,A

6CC1 lA

13640

A,{DE)

6008 SF

1257B

E,A

6CC2 FE7D

13G50

7DH

6CB9 22XF52

12588

(521PH) ,HL

GCC4 2819

13668

Z,HERG7

6CBC CD736A

12590 BOII,6A

CALL

BAl

6CC6 BE

1367B

(HL)

fiCBF 3827

126BB

C,B0IL6B

6CC7 2BF6

13688

Z,KERG5

6CI1 CDDE66

1261B

CALL

PP10C

6CC9 CDDSeC

13698

CALL

NERG6

ten 18F6

1262B

BOIL6A

6CCC 04

137BB

INC

6C16 Bfl

1263B PARK

DEFB

00H

GCCD lA

1371B

A,(DE)

GC17 BBBB

12640

DEFW

BB0BH

GCCE FE7D

1372B

7DH

6C19 2A

1265B

DEFB

2AH

6CD0 CABC6E

1373B

Z , K EYBD

GCIA 2A2a52

1266B B01L7

HL,(5228H)

6CD3 IB

13740

DEC

GClD 23

12G7B

INC

GCD4 IB

1375B

DEC

GCIE ES

1268B

PUSH

6CD5 El

1376B

POP

eClF CD13BB

1269B BOILB

CALL

D0S6

6CD6 1BE4

1377B

HERG4C

GC22 2BBF

127BB

NZ,B0IL6C

eCD8 lA

137 80 HERGG

A,{DE)

6C24 FE3C

12710 CH2

3CH

6CD9 13

1379B

INC

6C26 CC4F6F

12720

CALL

Z , CORB

6CDA FE7B

138BB

7BH

6C29 FEBD

1273B

0DH

GCDC 2BFA

13B1B

NZ,HERG6

GC2B 2Be4

1274B

Z,B0IL9

GCDE C9

13820

RET

6C2D 77

1275B

(HL) ,A

6CDF B4

13830 NERG7

INC

6C2E 23

1276B

INC

6CEB 11B164

13B4B

DE,W0RX3

GC2F IBEE

1277B

BOILB

6CE3 CDDB6C

13B5B HERG7A

CALL

HERG6

6C31 El

127BB BOIL9

POP

GCE6 IBFB

1386B

DJNZ

HERG7A

GC32 C9

1279B

RET

6CEB CI

13B7B

POP

eC33 El

12SBB BOILeC

POP

6CE9 0B

13BB0

DEC

6C34 El

12B1B

POP

6CEA ED439C6C

13890

{ST0R21 ,BC

GC35 CD546F

12820

CALL

6CEE 23

1390B

INC

6C3B El

1283B B01L6B

POP

6CEF 229A6C

1391B

(5TOR1) ,HL

GC39 23

12840

INC

fiCF2 EB

1392B

DE.HL

6C3A Dl

1285B

POP

6CF3 7B

13930

A,[HL)

CC3B Fl

1286B

POP

6CF4 23

1394B

INC

6C3C AF

12B7B

XOR

ecrs 01

139SB

POP

GC30 3229GA

12BBB

(PP2] ,A

6CP6 Dl

1396B

POP

GC4B C3DS66

12890

PP10B

6CP7 C9

1397B

RET

6C43 2IB162

129flB HERGIB

HLrWORKl

eCFB 3A0BG2

139B0 HERGB

A,(G2flH)

GC4G CD7G6C

1291B

CALL

READ

6CFB FE07

13990

B7H

GC49 21B162

1292B

UL.WORXl

6CFD C8

14B0B

RET

GC4C B6FF

1293B

B.BFFH

6CFE 2A9A6C

14B1B

HL,(STORl)

6C4E 7E

1294B SET

A,(HL)

6DB1 7E

14B2B

A,{HL)

6C4F FE7B

12950

7BH

6DB2 23

14B3B

INC

6C51 3B07

12960

NCSETl

6083 C9

14B4B

RET

6C53 FEGB

12970

6BH

6DB4 2B

14050 uypB

DEC

iCSh 3BB3

12980

CSETl

6D05 0D

14BGB

DEC

6C57 E65F

12990

AND

5FH

6D0e CAF559

1407B

Z,59F5H

6C59 77

1300B

(HL) ,A

6D09 7E

14B80 HYP

A,(HL)

6C5A 23

13B1B SETl

INC

6D0A FE2B

14090

20H

eCSB IBFl

13B20

DJNZ

SET

6Dec 2B25

14100

Z,H¥P2

6C5D 210164

13030 HERC2

HL,W0BK3

GDBE FE7B

14110

7BH

6C6B CD7G6C

13040

CALL

READ

6D10 283B

14120

Z,HYP4A

6C63 El

13050

POP

6D12 FE7D

14130

7DH

6CG4 ES

1306B

PUSH

6D14 2837

1414B

Z,HYP4A

GCG5 COB3G6

1307B

CALL

CCMIT

6D16 FEIB

1415B

IBH

6C68 ieF3

13080

HERG2

6Die 2838

1416B

Z,HYP4B

6C6A CD546F

13090 nERG2A

CALL

6D1A FE60

14178

60H

6C6D Dl

131BB

POP

6D1C 2839

14180

Z,HYP4C

6CGE Dl

13110

POP

6D1E FE7C

14190 HYPl

7CH

ec6F GF

13120

L,A

6D20 20E2

14200

NZ.HYPfl

6C7B 67

1313B

H,A

6D22 CD626D

1421B

CALL

KK0

6C71 221D52

1314B

(5210H),HL

GD25 3D

14220

DEC

6C74 EX

13150

POP

6D26 3D

1423B

DEC

6C75 C9

13160

RET

6D27 99

1424B

SBC

A,C

6C76 D5

1317B READ

PUSH

6D28 3BDA

14250

C,HYP0

6C77 IIBIGS

13180

DE.WRKS

6D2A ec

142GB

INC

6C7A CD13BB

1319B READl

CALL

DOSG

6D2B 36FC

1427B

(HL) ,1PCB

6C7D 2BEB

132BB

NZ,HERG2A

6D2D E5

14288

PUSH

6C7F FE3C

1321B CH3

3CU

GD2E 21F4e8

14290

HL, COUNT

6C81 CC4F6F

1322B

CALL

Z.CORS

GD31 35

143BB

DEC

(HL)

6C84 77

1323B

tBL),A

6D32 El

14310

POP

6C8S 23

13240

INC

6D33 AF

14320 Hyp2

XOR

6C86 FE7D

1325B

7UB

6D34 323B52

14330

(523BH) ,A

6C8B 2BFB

13261

NX, READl

6D37 2B

14340 Hyp3

DEC

6C8A 2B

1327B

DEC

6D3B BD

14350

DEC

GC8B 2B

13280

DEC

6D39 CAF559

14360

Z,59F5H

6C8C 7E

13290

A,(HL]

6D3C 7E

14370

A.IHLl

6CeD 23

133BB

INC

6030 FE2B

14380

2BH

6C8E 23

1331B

INC

eD3F 28F6

1439B

Z,HYP3

6C8F FE7B

1332B

7BH

GC91 2BE7

1333B

NZ, READl

/ minx I'lnfinuo

186 • eo Micro, May 19S3

PRINTERS

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The Gemmi 1 Star Printer has a wide spectrum of impres-
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tractor feed and prints 1 00
cpfi. It hastrue descenders,
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for special characters Also

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Quality Prmfn at */» AffOFDABU PfftCC't

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Sa«r» M abovv. iwi fn<gM oVMr up m 14~ wida

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1 6 <Mdi papM 200 CF& mMifWM pnMing lor nttr iMir oWacl (VyWnB

NEW FROM BROTHER

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Especially designed for word processing, 200 words per

minute, bidirectional, daisywheel. $81 9.95

90 DAY WAflftANTY

^•44 SmaU

VNn tmmMtm iimmin toll fhec

inwim iNMliHW*. tana vaw nam-i*

J ai^

C0MPUTERS

irr

fMiMrinaMMw.
callI-

nrrr

1-tt1t<iM4M4

Lis/ing conlinued

GD41 23

144BB

IHC

6DA2 3E2e

14B7B

A,20H

6D42 BC

1441B

6DA4 CDDA67

14B80

CALL

PP34

GD43 C9

1442B

RET

eDA7 3ADF6A

14890

A,[C0DB1)

6D44 7B

1443B HYP4AA

A,(HL1

6DAA FE25

149B0

25H

6D45 FEIB

14440

IBH

GDAC 2BBC

14910

N£, HARGl

6D47 2804

1445B

Z,BYP4A

6DAE 3A876 8

1492B

A, (XI)

6D49 PEee

1446B

GBB

GDBl CD3D69

14930

CALL

KEXT

GD4B 2BBC

14470

NZ,EIYP

GDB4 3A88G8

14940

A,(X1*1)

6D4D 3AF4GB

144BB HYP4A

A,{CODNT)

6DB7 CD3D69

14950

CALL

6D5B IBBA

14490

HYPSB

6 DBA 3AEB6A

14960

HARGl

A,(C0DE2)

GD52 3AF468

1450B Hyp4B

A, (COUNT)

GDBD FE28

1497B

28t1

GD55 ieB4

1451B

HYP5A

6DBF 2BeC

1498B

NZ,KASG3

6D57 3AF4G8

1452B HYP4C

A, (COUNT)

GDCl 3ABB68

14990

A,(X3)

6D5A 3D

14530

DEC

6 DC 4 CD3D69

150BB

CALL

6D5B 3D

14540 HYP5A

DEC

6DC7 3A8C6B

15B1B

A,(X3+1)

GD5C 3D

14&5B EIYPSB

DEC

6DCA CD3De9

15B20

CALL

GD5D 32F4e8

14560

(COUNT) ,A

6DCD CI

15B3B

HARC3

POP

GDGB 16A2

14570

HYPB

6DCE C9

15B40

RET

GDG2 D5

14580 KKB

PUSH

6DCF 2A3B52

15050

OPEN

HL,{523eH)

GD63 3AF4ee

1459B

A, (COUNT)

6DD2 BGBB

150GB

a,B

GDSe 5F

146BB

E,A

6DD4 CD2444

1507B

CALL

DOS 4

GDG7 3AB252

14G1B

A,(52B2H)

6DD7 ce

15080

RET

GDGA B3

14G2B

ADD

A,E

GDD6 CDDDGD

15090

CALL

ERCK

GDGB Dl

1463B

POP

GDDB laF2

15100

OPEN

GDGC C9

14G4B

RET

6DDD CDC901

15110

ERCK

CALL

B1C9H

GDGD 3ADF6A

14650 HABG

A, (CODED

GDEB FG60

1512B

e0H

fiD7B FE2B

14660

251!

6DE2 CDe944

1513B

CALL

DOS 3

6072 2B12

14G70

Z , HARGX

6DE5 210CGE

1514B

HL,MSG

6D7 4 3AEBeA

14680

A, (C0DE2]

GDEB CD6744

1515B

CALL

DOS2

GD77 FE2B

1469B

28H

6DEB 3A4B38

1516B

ERRl

A,(3e4BH)

6D79 2aBB

147BB

Z, HARGX

6DEE FE01

1517B

GD7B 3ABa52

1471B HARGZ

A,(52B0H)

GDFB 2816

15180

Z,ERR2

GD7E 4r

1472B

C,A

GDF2 FEB4

15190

6D7F 3E2e

1473B

A,2BH

GDF4 20F5

152BB

NZ.ERRl

GDBl CDDAG7

14740

CALL

PP34

6DF6 CDC901

1521B

CALL

01C9H

6DB4 CI

14750

POP

6DF9 CD5F6F

15220

CALL

RESTOR

GDB5 C9

14760

RET

6DFC 21007B

15230

HL,7BBBK

6DBG 3Ae9e8

147 7 B HARGX

A,(X2)

6DPr 222252

1524B

(5222H) ,HL

GDB9 CD3DG9

14780

CALL

6EB2 31CB41

1525B

SP,41CIH

GDBC 3ABAGB

14790

A,(X2+1)

GEB5 C35D54

152GB

5 4 SDH

GDBF CD3DG9

14800

CALL

6EB8 CDC9B1

15270

ERR2

CALL

01C9H

GD92 3AaD6B

14810

A,(X4}

GEBB C9

152eB

RET

6095 CD3DG9

14B2B

CALL

6EBC 5B

1529B

HSG

DEFH

'PRESS ENTER

WHEN CORRECTED'

6D98 3ABEG8

14B3B

A,[X4+1)

52 45 53

53 20

45 4E

6D9B CD3D69

14B4B

CALL

45 52 2B

57 48

45 4E

6D9E 3ABB52

1485B

A,(52B0H)

43 4P 52

52 45

43 54

6DA1 4F

14860

C.A

Lining ronlinua

MODEL III TECHNICAL MANUAL

- Written by -factory technician

— Packed with rare hardware in+

— A must if you have F version

MODEL III MICROCOMPUTER

CPU boards. Written for use

- 4aK RAM

with Radio Shack's Tech Ref

- 2 Tandon 40 TRK Drives

Manual below.

— Radio Shack Power Supply

S12.00 postage paid, 26 pages.

- Highest quality controller

- NEC Memory

RADIO SHACK TECH REF MANUAL »12.

- 120-day guarantee

- TRSDOS and all manuals

TANDON DRIVE MANUAL

- Al 1 for S1650.00

— Everything you could want to

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* Same as above wi th DUAL

412.00 postage paid.

HEADED TANDON DRIVES » 1775. 00

RS-232 (Mod III) «70-

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All Radio Shack Hardware and

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188 • 80 Micro. May 1983

YOU'LL LIKE OUR SERVICE — YOU'LL LOVE OUR PRICESII

B'A" FLOPPY DISK DRIVES

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$269 40 TRACK. DOUBLE SIDED

$319

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$269 80 TRACK. SINGLE SIDED

$319

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$319 80TRACK, DOUBLE SIDED

$369

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COMPLETE «w(TH POWER SUPPLY Cr CABINET

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Wh/tif SuppJr Lasts

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COMPLETE WITH POWER SUPPLY b CABINET

$140 40 TRACK. SINGLE SIDED $189

Whife Supply Lasts

IBM PERSONAL COMPUTER

DISK DRIVES

SINGLE SIDE. 40 TRACK $209

DOUBLE SIDE. 40 TRACK $299

■KoMO'o* aid (on«Mi#'cu' aMKuMvatO «■> m w w;' DOS t^ Otm* Adapwr* ■•qu»«ri
Oh U'f* Oft MMai« lo *■ n-gx gi.aln. wunto'l* ffsr AM anncrxM

RADIO SHACK HARD DRIVES

5 Meg. Primary lor Model III

Includes Hard Disk Opetairng Sysfems with BosiC

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1 2 Meg. Primary for Models II, 1 2 & 1 6
NEW from Radio Shack $3495.00

-' f^wji* 8' »rm»«'i j » ■■■■■»> tHi • sts ••: •■%■>» »e«»atf>Ma <ui.t

COMPLETE MOD III DISK DRIVE
KITONLY $399.00 iw,»»oo

Kit corrwt cornpiet« wi|h power supply, doubtt d^niitv d>sk drivs
rnounting hardware «nd mstruciions HUffftVf Tt's is » ttrmttd off*''

DISK DRIVES

for the mS-BO* MODEL III

DRIVE

Single S»(to. 40 Track S30S

DoubltStd«.40TrMli M74

S'^gi* SkI*. eO Trtck $474

OouDie S«te. BOTracK Sft4B

DRIVE 1

S>net> S>d«. 40 Track 91 99

OofaM* S<tj«. 40 Ttack 9269

Sngta Sida. BO Track 9269

Ocmbit S>dr 60 Track 9319

^9 18/82 9-4844 SwaU

AMERICAN B^siNiss

^^^ ;'.\sa ss,s.. computers

NEED INTO QUICK?

ThM |uM rill Out MMMMttirt tOll 'HIE

jtiMk>>*>>K iriitciinM li-riM* (Our ^ipie^

fa-irA ■••OMartVMmrtUi On^riwqaMM
iH iwadHM MilomMUvn Mil ka pMiMMW*

m viNara «•■« ta Jl^i^awJi^ br aw
anawMinp Mm4aa

CAii 1-«00-33V3gM
1-«1t-«2»4M4

Lalmg conlinued

eE2G BD

15300

□EFB

BDU

GETS 3670

15770

(HL) ,7CH

6E27 D5

15310 NUHB

PUSH

6E72 23

157BB

INC

6E2B 7E

15320

A,(HL]

6E73 3E2D

157 90

A,2DH

6E29 0630

15330

SUB

3BB

6E75 18F1

15B00

ASCIID

6E2B 57

15340

D,A

6E77 3E00

ISalB ASCIIC

A,00H

6E2C 23

1535B

INC

6E79 18ED

15B20

ASCIID

6E2D 7E

1536B

A, (HL)

6E7B D5

15B30 SWITCH

PUSH

eE2E DG3a

15370

SUB

30H

6E7C 7E

15B40

A, (HL)

6E3B 5F

15380

E,A

6E7D E5

15B50

PUSH

eE31 23

15390

INC

6E7E FE25

15BG0

25H

6E32 7E

15400

A, (HL)

EE80 2813

15B70

Z,SW1

EE33 D610

15410

SUB

30H

6EB2 FE24

15880

24H

6E35 14

15420

INC

6E64 2B14

15890

Z,SW2

6E36 IC

15430

INC

6E86 FElfl

15900

2BH

6B37 ID

15440 NUHBl

DEC

6E8B 2815

15 910

Z,SW3

6E3B 2885

15450

NZ,NUNB3

6E8A FE29

15920

29H

6E3A 15

1546B NUHB2

DEC

6EeC 2B16

15930

Z,SW4

6E3B leet

1547B

NZ,NUHB4

6E8E El

1594B

POP

6E3D Dl

154 B0 NUMBS

POP

6E8F Dl

15950

POP

6E3E C9

15490

RET

6E90 2B

15960

DEC

eE3F CGBA

15500 NUHB3

ADD

A, 10

6E91 7E

15970

A, (HL)

6E41 1B^4

15510

HUHBl

6E92 23

15980

INC

6E43 Ce64

15520 NUHB4

ADD

A, 100

6E93 1820

15990

SW6

6E45 1BF3

15538

HUMB2

6E95 2187GB

16000 SHl

HL.Xl

6E47 FE7B

1554B ASCII

7BH

6E9B ISBD

16010

SW5

EE49 CC9E6C

15550

CALL

Z,HERG3

6E9A 218968

16020 SW2

HL,X2

6E4C FE7D

15560

7DH

GE9D 1608

16030

SW5

6E4E CCF86C

15570

CALL

ZrHERGB

GE9F 218B6B

16040 SW3

HL,X3

6E51 FEIB

ISSSfl

IBH

6EA2 1803

16050

SW5

6E53 2B26

1559B

Z, SWITCH

6EA4 2ieDG8

16060 SW4

HL,X4

6E65 FEFC

15600

BFCH

6EA7 7E

16070 SWS

A, (HL)

GE57 2816

15610

Z, ASCI IE

6EAB 23

16080

INC

6ES9 FE7C

15620

7CH

6EA9 5E

16090

Er(BL)

6E5B 2B1A

15630

Z.ASCIIC

6EAA El

1G100

POP

6E5D FE6a

15640 ASCIIA

6BH

6EAB 23

16110

INC

6E5F 2007

15650

NZ, ASCIID

6EAC CDB5GE

16120

CALL

SW6

6E61 CD276E

15660

CALL

HUKB

6EAF CD3D69

16130

CALL

6E64 23

15670

INC

6EB2 7B

16140

A,E

6E65 0D

15680

DEC

6EB3 Dl

16150

POP

6E66 BD

15690

DEC

6EB4 0D

1616B

DEC

6E67 BD

15700

DEC

6EB5 F5

16170 SW6

PUSH

6E6B F5

15710 ASCIID

PUSH

GEB6 AF

16180

XOR

6E69 AF

15720

XOR

6EB7 32336A

16190

(PF80) ,A

6E6A 32336A

15730

(PP80] ,A

6EBA Fl

1G200

POP

6E6D Fl

15740

POP

6EBB C9

16210

BET

6E6E C3

15750

RET

6EBC 3A226F

16220 KEYBD

A, (KEY)

6E6F 2B

1576B ASCIIE

DEC

GEBF 2F

16230

CPL

Lalinx iunlinue\

PRICES YOU CAN'T BEAT! . .

LNW-80

Model U $1595

%K V/&- DISK t;ciNTR, RGB COLOR
[XIS-PLL'S. V-), HI-RES GRAr'HIC:S

Rs :<:-(: par I'RiMtR aiRT,

^'1-^ niSl'LAY, : VE-;AR VkARRAMY
U'lTH t.TM

COMPUTERS

LNW HO MODEL I DISCONTINUED

96K 'j /«■ DISrCONTR RGB

COLOR W/CPM

R^81 16K J525 48K

TIMEX S69 Its MEM

TRSHO COLOR COMP IbK
MOD I1I48K2/40TRK. S/S, RS232

1.59S

$660

$42

$269

$1,730

CRT MONITORS

AMDF.K30() GREEN S139

AMDFK 310 AMBER S169

AMDEK COLOR I $359

AMDEK COLOR II $739

TAXAN RGR COLOR $299

ZENITH GREEN 5115

APPLE/IBM RGB CARD S89

EXPANSION INTERFACES

LMW SYSTEM EJCPAMSJOr^ li 1349

MICRO DESIGN MDX-2 $449

MICRO DESIGN MDX-3 $299

HOLMES ENG I M2 $129

DOUBLE DENSITY MULTIPUER $95

TEAC W SIZE DRIVES

ttmv lompi

FD 55A4()TRK S/S $209 $245

ED S5R 4(1TRK D/S $280 $319

ED 5.SF HOTRK D/S $345 $375

ALL TEACS HAVE A 1 YEAR WARRANTY

TANDON DRIVES

Kin 1 40TKK S/S
100-2 40TRK D/S
inO-4 80TRKD/S

Kar^ ("nmpi

$189 $230

$259 $299

$340 $480

ECONOMY DRIVES

COMPLETE W/CASE/PWR SUPL/CABLE
40TRK S/S $195

Dealers Discount on Casts & PWR Supplies

APPLE COMPATIBLE DRIVE

W CONTR CARD CASE & CABLE $295

C-ITOH PRINTERS

PROWRITER8S10

PROWRITER 1550

E 10 40CPS

F-10 55CPS

F-IO TRACTOR FEED

QUME SPRINT 1 1 40CPS

MODEMS

NOVATION J-CAT
SIGNALMAN

PAR SFR

$429 $539

$659 $739

$1295 $1295

$1550 $1550

$195

$1,450

$145
$85

LNW SYSTEM EXPANSION 11

UPGRADE YOUR MOD \ OR PMC 80 81 WTTH
DISK COMTROLLKR RS 232 PARAU EL
PRIMTER PORT 32K 200 NS^\EJ^AORY GOLD
COMMECTORS POWER TRANSFORMER
CASE CABLE
FOR ONLY «349

TRS COLOR COW>. EXP. BOARD

REALTIME CLOCK
PAR PRINTER PORT
DISK DRIVE CONTR
H()x24 DISPLAY

$289
Add $75

SOFTWARE

LAZVWRITFR *l» MULTlDOb

ELtCTflOt*: WFJJSTt-R »l 19 SUPER CJTll/n .

'■^AW »wnAGL« (12) «*.S 80

POSTH*M fll^ ilSICALCMODI

DOS PVOS 3 4 M9 GAMES

•B9
•4»

fs (111
(M

24 HOUR TOLL FREE ORDERS

VISA/MASTER CHARGE ONLY:

(800) 633-2252 EXT 720

ALL QUESTIONS: (313) &38-1 1 12

MICHiaV.' Rtiir)F.NTS A/3D 4« SALLS TAX R3SMG(
CAli FOR CHARGES tfilCF.S ARE l>IS(XXJr.TtD hOR
CASH AND MO/V£Y nRDfR ir^OS CEffTIRE/l CHECKS
ALLOW Z W^mS TO (J_U\Rl MASTFK CAfin A^^D VISA
ADD f% NO CO n ,VO -VFT TFJfMS

VFSPACOMPUTER OUTLET

190 • 80 Micro. May 1983

Scanned by Ira Goldklang - www trs-80 com

DISCOUNT SOFTWARE

FOR THE

TRS-80

FARM and RANCH MANAGEMENT

BEEF PROJECTION $20.00

BEEF RATION $15 00

DAIRY COW $15.00

FEED LOT Models I and III $35.00

Models II, 12, 16 $100.00

FARM RECORD $35 00

GOVERNMENT PROGRAM $15 00

GRAIN STORAGE $15.00

LOAN $15.00

MACHINE COST $20 00

RECORD MANAGEMENT $1 5 00

ESTATE TAX $25.00

FEED FORMULATOR $35 00

PASTURE PROJECTION $20.00

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS f^OR THE ABOVE PROGRAMS (M(N!MUM|
TRS-aO Mnde( I or III with 4SK and one ctrsk drive For Model II. 1 2 El 1 B Ver-
bions of the aljove programs, please arid $5 00 pe^ piogrsm (Feed Lot Piogrsm
add IBB I Buy all ot [he above progfsms rfnd save even more Model I and III
Versjons oaly $250.00 (Save $30]. Model 11. 1 2. Et 16 Versions only S350
(Save $55)

BLOCKBUSTER

SOFTWARE - , ^^

NEWDOS, DOSPLUS, andLDOS!
YOUR CHOICE, 0NLY$99 each

NEWDOS, DOSPLUS, AND LDOS are three of the most advanced
operating systems ever available for the TRS-80*. After spending
thousands of dollars on your computer, why limit yourself by
using an inferior operating system?

Order Today!!!

RADIO SHACK SOFTWARE

MODEL 1, III

Stock Pack

26-1507

S4495

General Ledger 1

26-1552

S87 95

Inventory Control 1

26-1653

S87 95

MODEL II. 12, 16

Accounts Payable

76 1554

SI 38.00

Scripsit/Hard Disk

26-4831

S350,00

Accounts Receivable

26-1555

$138,00

Scnpsit Diet. /Hard Disk

26-4634

SI 75,00

Disk Payroll

26-1556

Si 75.00

Mod II Visicalc

26-451 1

5263,00

Business Mailing List

26-1558

S87.95

Profile II

26-4513

5170,00

Profile

26-1562

S69.95

Profile II Plus

26 4515

S27500

ScripsiT

26-1563

S87,95

Mod II Scnpsit 2,0

26-4531

5375 00

Visicalc-Mod 1

26 1566

S87.95

Scripsit Dictionary

?6-4534

S17500

Visicalc-Mod III

26-1569

5175,00

General Ledger Model 1 6

26-6201

S450.00

Pro|Bct Manager

26 1580

S87 95

Payroll 16

26-6203

S65000

SuperscnpsiT

26 1590

SI 75 00

Accts. Receivable Mod, 1 6

26-6304

S45000

Scnpsit Drctionary

26 1591

SI 31 00

Accounts Payable

26-6205

5450,00

Profile III Plus

26-1593

S17500

Order Entry ICS

26-6207

5450,00

Desktop Plan-80

36-1594

SI 75.00

Sales Analysis

26-6208

5350 00

Budget Management

26-1603

S22,00

Job Costing Model 16

26-6209

S17500

Advanced Stat Analysis

36-1705

S39.95

Inventory Model 1 6

26-6302

5350 00

NEW SOFTWARE

FOR TRS-80* MODEL III

CASSETTE

MICRO SEA BATTLE III

COMPUTER BASEBALL I

BOOKKEEPER III

ACCOUNTABILITY III

PRESSURE NAVIGATION

OIL BARON MODEL 111

BANNER MODEL III

BUSINESS MULTI RACK MODEL I/Ill

JO HO (LIKE HANGMAN) MODEL l/ll

FARMEX AND DISPLAY MODEL I

OTHER SOFTWARE

DISK

ARE OUR CASH DISC0UN"'E:J PHiCES C
ITCOl^ECf PRICES. SPtClFJCATlOWS AND
SONAL COMPyrEBS ABE IBADEMABKS OF iNrf BNOTIOfJAl BUSINESS ««

ss O! rArjoy cobpohation

D l-HAH(,F OBDEHS ORE J', -IGHEB AiL !,0MPUT[Ft5 ABE SHlPfEO

SBtLirr AHESUBJECl rr) CHANGE WlTH04jr ruOTICE IBM b IBM P(B.

£S INC TBS-aO & RADIO SKACH ABE rfiflOC

LAZYWRITER

ALCOR PASCAL

MICRO CLINIC

CP/M FORTRAN-80

CP/ M BASIC COMPILER

CP / M MuMATH - MuSIMP-80

GRAMMATIK I / III

GRAMMATIK II

RANDOM HOUSE PROOF READE

CP/M FOR MODEL II

CP/ M FOR MODEL 12, 16

S175
S199

S24,95
S475
S375
S250
IS75
S99

^ $50
S185
S220

COLOR COMPUTER
GAMES

19.95
14.95
49.95
19.95

24.95
19.95
59.95
24.95

COSMIC DOGFIGHT
OFFENDER

CASS

DISK
CASS
DISK

14,95
19.95
29.95
34.95

19.95

24.95

PACKETMAN

CASS

24,95

14.95

19.95

DISK

29.95

MOONLANDER

CASS

14.95

39.95

DISK

19.95

29.95

r^^r^rs

fc^9 18/825-4844

AMERICAN

I IB SO. MILL ST
PRYOR, OK 74)61

*«44 SmaU
^N BusIness
COMPUTERS

NEED INFO QUICK?

Then jusi call out automated TOLL FREE
answering machines. Leave yOMi name.ad-
dress, and phone number. Requests will be
mailed 1 st Class the same day, Onty requests
for product information will b* pracass«d;
all othsrs will b« disragarded by our
answering serai cs,

CALL 1-800-331 -3896

^2\l In Oklahoma. Call

1-918-825-4844

DISCOUNT

TRS 80'M Model I & III
External Mini Disk Drives

single Chassis w/Power Supply:

Fully assembled silver chassis with external card edge connertor for easy
cable installation. Chassis includes power supply & one Tandon drive.

TM100-1 w/chassis
TM100-2 w/chassis
TM100-4 w/chassIs

S245
$315
$409

Tandon Bare Drives:

• TM100-1 S189

S'A". single sided, 40 TRtC, 48 TPI Capable of single or
double densrty

• TMlOO-2 $259

5'/*". double stded. 40 TRK. 46 TPI Capable of singte or
double density

• TMlOO-4 S349

S'/. ■, double sided. BO TRK. 96 TPf Capable of single or
double density

FREE SHIPPING

ORDER NOW - TOLL FREE

1-800-531-5475

(512) 250-1523 fn Texas

"If we can't ship thr next working day,
we won't take the order."

COmpuAdd Corp. visa, Mastercard, Money Order

13010 Research Blvd. Z^^"^:^^'' ''''''''
Suite 218

^ ^ .^^ TRS 80 is a Trademark of

Austin, Texas 78750 Tandy Corp.

,^252

All hardware has a 120 Day Limited Warranty.

iaiin/i conlinued

CECB 32226P

16240

(KEY) ,A

6EC3 FEB0

16250

00H

GECS 2a4C

16260

Z,KEY4

6EC7 211061

16270

I9L,WORK4

SECA 11EB68

162BB

DE, FIELD

6ECD 0606

1629B

B,fi

GCCF lA

1G3BB

KEYl

A,{OE}

6ED0 77

1G310

(HL) ,A

6 EDI 23

16320

INC

6ED2 13

1633B

INC

6ED3 10FA

16340

DJNI

KEYl

tEDS Dl

1G35B

POP

GEDfi IB

163G0

DEC

GED7 ED539CeC

16370

[5TOR2} ,DE

eEDB 13

16380

INC

6EDC lA

16390

KEY 2

A,(DE)

6EDD 77

164BB

(HL) ,A

6EDE 23

16410

INC

GEDf 13

16420

INC

6EE0 PE7D

1643B

7DH

6EE3 20F8

1G440

NIrKEY2

6EE4 360D

16450

(HL) ,IDH

GEEfi ED539AGC

1G4G0

(5T0R1] ,DE

GEEA CIX:9B1

1G47B

CALL

aiC9H

GEED 210061

164B0

HL,H0RK4

GEF0 E5

16490

PUSH

GEPl CD6744

16500

CALL

DOS 2

6EF4 3Ea7

16510

A,07H

6EF6 CD3D69

16520

CALL

GEF9 21403C

16530

HL,]C40B

6EPC 3GSF

16540

(HL) ,8FH

6EFE A8

1G550

XOR

6EFF 3EFF

1G5G0

A.BFFR

tF01 110161

1657B

DE,H0RX4+1

6F04 CD095B

16580

CALL

5BD9H

6F07 El

16590

POP

GF0B 367B

166BB

tHLI ,7BH

6FBA 3E7D

1661B

A,7DH

6Fec 12

1662a

(DE) ,A

6F0D 23

16630

KEYS

INC

6F0E 7E

16640

A,{HL)

6FeF 23

16650

INC

6P1B CI

16660

POP

6F11 Dl

16670

POP

6F12 C9

16680

BET

GF13 El

1GG90

KEY4

POP

6F1* 7E

16700

KEYS

A, [HL)

6F15 23

16710

INC

6Flfi FE7D

16720

7DH

6F18 20FA

16730

NZ,KEY5

eriA 229Aec

16740

(STORl) ,HL

6F1D 210061

16750

HLrH0RK4

eF20 laEB

16760

KEY 3

eP22 00

16770

KEY

DEFB

B0H

GF23 13

16780

C0R2

INC

6F24 lA

16790

A,(OEJ

6F25 E6^F

IGSea

C0R2A

AND

5FH

GF27 FE4G

16B10

46H

GF29 2B15

16B20

Z,C0R3

6F2B FE4S

16630

45H

GF2D 2811

16840

Z,C0R3

6F2F FE44

16850

44H

6F31 2010

16B60

Z,C0R4

6F33 FE40

16B70

4BH

6F35 280F

16860

E , CORS

6F37 FE47

16890

47H

GF39 2a0E

169BB

Z,C0R6

6F3B FESB

16910

S0H

6F3D 28BD

16920

Z , C0R7

6F3F C9

1G930

RET

6F40 3E7D

1694B

C0H3

A,7DK

6F42 C9

16950

RET

6F43 3E7B

16960

C0H4

A,7BH

GF4S C:9

16970

RET

GF4G 3E7C

1G9B0

C0R5

A,7CH

6F40 C9

1G99B

RET

6F49 3E6B

17BBB

C0R6

A.GiH

GF4B C9

17B1B

RET

GF4C 3E1B

17B2B

C0R7

A,1BH

6F4E C9

17030

RET

6F4F C013BB

17040

CORS

CALL

DOS 6

6FS2 10D1

17050

C0R2A

6P54 CD2844

17B60

CALL

DOSS

6F57 E5

17070

CLOSEl

PUSH

GPSO 2A3052

17000

HL,(5230B)

GPSB AP

17B9B

XOR

6P5C 77

17100

(HL] ,A

6F5D El

17110

POP

6FSE C9

17120

RET

6F5F 3AAC52

17140

RESTOR

A, t CHAR)

GFG2 FE20

17150

20H

GFG4 Ca

171G0

RET

6FG5 2A2a52

17170

RL,[522aH]

GPGB 01FF6P

17180

BC.GFFFH

6F6B E5

17190

PUSH

6P6C ED42

17200

SBC

HL,BC

6F6E ES

17210

PUSH

6P6P CI

17220

POP

GF70 El

17230

POP

6F71 C5

17240

PUSH

6F72 ED5B2AS2 17250

DE,(S23AH)

eF7G EDBS

17260

LDDR

GP7e CI

17270

POP

6F7 9 AF

17260

XOR

GF7A 12

17290

(DE) ,A

6F7B 210070

17300

HL,7B00K

Lalinx conlinues

192 • 80 Micro, May 1983

MAXLIFE

QUALITY RIBBONS

'GUARANTEED TO WORK"

RADIO SHACK

DAISY WHEEL

CARTRIDGE

sa 49

\/« CA.

OKIDATA

80. BZ & 83
DUAL SPOOL

5 2.

EA.

RADIO SHACK

LP VI & VIII

CARTRIDGE

$7,99

EA.

RADIO SHACK

LP Ml &IV

CARTRIDGE

$5,99

EA.

OKIDATA

DUAL SPOOL 84

55.

EA.

RADIO SHACK

LP I II. & IV
SO 99

^m CA.

MOST RIBBONS AVAILABLE IN COLORS TOO)
AiLpSiCtSNCLJDE SWPPiftOAwEN CHECK fcCCOMOANieS yftW

MINIM JM OnOER 130 OR ' DOZEN

JAN TECH

P.O. BOX 647 RANDOLPH MA 02368

617-961-4210

MASS RESIDENTS ADO S^ SALES TAX -**

SUPER SCRIPSIT
PRINTER DRIVES

PRINTER DRIVERS ALLOW YOU TO USE

YOUR RADIO SHACK SUPER SCRIPSIT

WORD PROCESSOR WITH THESE

PRINTERS:

EPSON:

OKIDATA:

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MX-80

ML-82A

Gemini 10

MX- 80 F/T

ML-83A

Gemini 1 5

MX- 100

ML-84A

And Others Coming

FEATURING BOID CMAftACTERS
OiydtfiMng. SubKnpt fr 6wp»r Script. Mc

^^O^TaWw plutthipping

THE DATA STATION

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^— 405/743-4921 ^—

compu^sette

TAPES & DISKS

100% ERROR FREE
FULLY GUARANTEED

^L%

C-10'8

39C ea

u-sette. 4 product ol MICRO-80 INC

The MicroTrac Generation

Used by Software Firms & Computer Hobbytsts
Choice ol School Districts Niiionwide

^.^^^„^- ""W STANDARD

CASSETTES UPAH 24.PAK

C-05 $ .79 S .59

C-10 1 89 $ .69

C-20 S .98 « .89

C-30 $1.29 $1.09

Custom Cases $ .26 $ .21

Utn fWBW H W1<t* Is plWtWt MflMbM CMMtMl

'/DISKETTES

lOf

Single S*dffO
SDDtntitir

MINI STANDARD
S-PAK 10-PAK -

S14.9$ $2695

* lOPAK iiricus<o'n itb'Ai. t,i%t, Add t] 00

- UPS SHIPPING -
(No P 0. Boxes please)

S3 00 pel pi»rt
— Canadian shipping mulliply by 2 —

No. 1 Magnetic Media in the USA!

— Wiit« lof voiurne prices —

TOLL FREE

(orders only)

1-800 528-6050
•xt. 3005

In Arizona State

1-800 352 04S8

exi. 3005

MICRO-80 -INC.

E 2665 Busby Road

Oak Harbor. WA 98277

I <206) 675-6143

.'See LImt cr AAvri'Mrs ott Pag^ 3T1

80 Mtcf O.May 1963 • 193

Latmt continued

GP7E DD2lJU:S3

17311

IX, CHAR

6FD1 3G4B

17BBB

(HL) ,4BH

eFB2 13

17331 REST!

INC

ePD3 18CD

1781B

BESTIA

6FB3 lA

I733B

A,(DE]

6PD5 DD7EBB

17 828 RES5

A, (IX)

GFS4 FE0B

1734B

B8H

6FD8 77

17B3B

{HL),A

GP8G 28FA

17351

Z,REST8

eFD9 23

17B48

INC

6F8e lA

17361 RESTl

A,(DB)

6PDA 3647

1785B

(HL) ,47H

6F89 FEflfl

1737B

BBH

6FDC 18C4

1786B

RESTIA

6P8B 281C

17381

!, RESTIB

6FDE DD7E8B

1787B RES6

A, (IX)

6F8D FE7D

17 3 M

7DH

6PE1 77

17888

(HL) ,A

ePBF 2B1E

174BI

Z,RE52

6FE2 23

17898

INC

GF91 FE7B

1741fl

7BH

6FE3 3658

17988

(HL) ,58H

6F93 2B2E

1743fl

3,RES3

6PES 18BB

1791B

RESTIA

6P9S FE7C

17431

7CH

6FE7 05

17928 MOVE

PUSH

6F97 1B33

17448

Z,RES4

6PEe 7E

17938

A,(HL)

eF99 FE6f

174SI

68H

6PG9 FE68

17948

68H

6P9B 2S38

1746B

Z,RES5

ePEB 3882

17958

CNOVEl

6P9D FEIB

17478

IBH

6FED E65F

17968

AND

5PH

6F9P 283D

17488

Z , RES6

6PEF 12

17 978 HOVEl

(DE),A

6PW 77

1749*

(HL) ,A

GFF8 23

17988

INC

«FA2 23

17 588 RESTl A

6FF1 13

17998

INC

CPU 13

17511

INC

6FF2 FE8D

18888

0DH

6PA4 fB

17528

DEC

6PP4 28F2

18818

NZ,N0VE*1

6FA5 76

17531

A,B

6FP6 Dl

18828

POP

ePA6 Bl

17548

6FF7 21F1G8

18B3B I10VE2

HL.PCL

6FA7 2BDP

1755B

NZ, RESTl

6FFA CD7344

18B48

CALL

DOSl

6PA9 222852

1756B RESTIB

{522BH) ,HL

6FFD C9

18858

RET

6PAC AF

1757B

XOR

6FFE 8888

1BB78

DEPW

88eBH

6FAD 77

nSBB

(HLJ ,A

52AC

18898 CHAR

EQU

52ACH

GFAE C9

1759B

RET

62B1

ISIBB WORKl

EQU

62B1H

6FAF IB

17G88 RES2

DEC

63B1

181 IB WORK 2

EQU

e3BlH

6PBB lA

17618

A,{DE)

G4B1

1812B W0RK3

EOU

G4elH

GFBl FEBE

17628

BEH

61B8

1B13B W0RK4

EQU

eiBBH

GFB3 13
6PB4 DD7EIB
6FB7 77

1763B
17648
17658

IHC

A.UXl
(HL) ,A

6581

18148 WORKS

EQU

G581H

LO
LD

18178 I •

6FB8 23

17668

INC

18188 ; * THE

FOLLOWING DOS CODES WORK WITH TRSDOS 2.3 FOR

6P89 3BB4

17678

NC,RES2A

1B198 ; ■ THE

NODEL

il AND POR ALL VERSIONS OF NEWDOS FOR

6PBB 3646

17G88

(BL) ,46H

18288 ] • FOR

THE HODEL I AND THE HODEL ill. tO USE

6 PSD 1SE3

17698

RESTIA

18218 ; * HODEL ill

TRSDOS, SUBSTITUTE THE CODES INDICATED

6FBF 3645
6FC1 18DF
6FC3 DD7EBfl

17788 RES2A
17718
17728 RES3

LD
JR
LD

(HL) ,45H
RESTIA
A, {IX)

1822B ; *

4473

182S8 DOSl

EQU

4473B ; 444BH FOR Mill TRSDOS

6FC6 77

17738

(HL) ,A

4467

18268 D0S2

EQU

4467H I 021BH

6PC7 23

17748

INC

4489

1B278 D0S3

EQU

4489H ; DISPLAY ERROR HE5SSAGE 1

6FC8 3644

17758

(HL) ,44H

4424

18288 D0S4

EQU

4424H I OPEN EXISTING FILE

6FCA 18D6

17768

RESTIA

4428

18298 D0S5

EQU

442BH ; CLOSE PILE

6FCC OD7Eff8

17778 RBS4

A, (IX)

8813

16388 D0S6

EQU

8813H ! SINGLE-BYTE READ

6FCF 77

17788

(HL),A

482D

18328

END

4e2DH

6FD8 23

17798

INC

88888 TOTAL

ERRORS

CONVERT YOUR SERIAL PRINTER TO PARALLEL

CONVERT YOUR PARALLEL PRINTER TO SERIAL

The DPI serial primer interfaces allow an ASCII serial prinler
to be conneaed to the parallel printer port of the TRS-80
computers or any other computer which has a Centronics
compatible parallel printer port.

Software compatabiltty problems which normally result
when a serial printer is used are totally eliminated because,
the computer "thinks" that a parallel printer has been con-
nected. Special driver programs and changes to the operat-
ing system are not required with computers designed to
work with a parallel printer.

The UPI interfaces are completely self contained and ready
to use, A DB25 socket mates with the cable from your serial
printer. The ribbon cable attaches to the parallel printer
port of your computer. The UPI interfaces convert the out-
put oi your parallel printer port into serial data in both the
RS232-Cand20ma. loop formats. Switch selectable features
include:

• Linefeed after Carriage Return

• Handshake polarity (RS232-C)

• Nulls after Carriage Return

• 7 or 8 Data Bits per word

• 1 or 2 Stop Bits per word

• Odd, Even, or. No Parity

• Baud rates 110 to 9600

UPI-3VB for TRS-80 t & III $149.95

UPI-2VB for TRS-80 II & 16 $149.95

UPI-3VB-6 for TRS-80 I & Ml with 6 ft. cable $159.95

UP1-2VB-6 for TRS-80 11 & 16 with 6 ft. cable $159.95

Models for most other computers available at $159.95

NEW SERIAL TO PARALLEL INTERFACES

The SPC SERIAL to PARALLEL interfaces convert serial ASCII
data into parallel format for use with Centronics type paral-
lel printers. A DB25 socket accepts serial data from your
computer. The 36 contact ribbon connector plugs into your
parallel printer. Can be used to add a second parallel printer
port to computers which reliably support both serial and
parallel printers.

Switch selectable options include the following:

• 7 or 8 Data Bits per serial word

• Odd or Even parity for serial word

• Parity or No parity for serial word

• 1 or 2 Stop Bits per serial word

• 300, 600, 1200. 2400, or 4800 BAUD

SPC-1 as described above
SPC-CC with DIN plug and cable
for the TRS-80 Color Computer

$89.95
$69.95

All prices U.S. funds. VISA, MASTER CARD. COD. Purchase
Orders accepted from schools, major corporations, and
government agencies. Shipping and Handling on U.S.
orders $4.00. Ten day return period. Ninety day warranty.

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POWERDRiVER

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PRINTER DRIVERS

This ne* gencalion of cusloni orinter dnvefs
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tures w-ilh your EPSON PROWRITER and C HOH
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196 • SO Micro, May 1983

Powermail is a highly sophiSlicateO mas mailing
system dBstgned lo 'un unOer all of the popular DOS's
currently available 'or the Mod I or Mod IN The
program is written entirely in machine language for
maiimum operation speed, and occupies only 4K of
Ifie avia'able RAM m your compuler There are no
slow periods when Po*ermail is running New
features have been added lo the program that others
have always lacked You now have the ability lo keeo
track ol mailings using Ihe 24 Hags that are in-
corporated mlo Ihe Powermail program The
Powermail system will handle a tile up lo 6
megabytes, or 65535 names, whichever is smaller
The program will also sort the entire maximum file size
and open up lo 168 liles srmullaneously during the
process Author Kim Wall ,,^r~, , .,f>,- ,,,

MOD I or MOD r

• MOO I 600 BAUD WITHOUT NULLS. MOOIII
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TO 64 CHARACTERS WITH THE TOUCH OF A
KEY«CAN EXECUTE MENU COMMANDS
WHILE STILL RECEIVING DATA»FILE TRANS-
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FILE MODE»DOS COMMANDS FROM MENU
WITHOUT EXITING PROGRAM»30K CAPTURE
BUFFER W/4BK MACHINE* SUPPORTS HAYES,
RS MODEM # II, LYNX AND MICRO-CONNECT-
ION MODEMS

MOO I or MOD

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PFIX/CMD

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PERASE/CMD

PMOVE/CMD

PDIRT/CMD

PASSGO/CMD

PUN/CMD

PEX/CMD

PMOD/CMD

PFIND/CMD

PCOMPARE/CMD
PCLEAR/CMD
PSS/CMD
PMAP/CMD

PMX/FLT MX80

PHELP/CMD

PBOOT/CMD

PFILT/FLT

DVORAK/FLT

DVORAK/JCL

CODE/JCL

DECODE/ JCL

MOD ic MOD III

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Review the current ads for its
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single or double density and the
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Comtnunlcationt Natwork

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More Specials

PROGMM Uni

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TME MISTER MECHANIC StT FOfl tODS

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SOFTWARE AUTHORS

DiskCountData may be interested
in marketing your program. Send
evaluation copies to address
below, Attn: Software Evaluation
Dept. We are interested in high
quality programs.

^$00 List of A<3v*rtis»rs on Paga 371

80 Micro, May 1983 • 197

GRAPHICS

LOAD 80

Rapid Prints

by Delmer Hinrichs

orget tedious mathematical calculations! Draw
hundreds of figures and shorten printing time
with these Fortran and Basic programs.

Bit mapping, the ability lo position
printer dots at any location on a page,
provides dot -matrix printer owners with
graphics capability. But bit-mapped
graphics often require tedious manual
calculations or arc based on complex
mathematical formulae that compile
slowly in Basic.

Many commercially available graph-
ics programs generate a single fixed pat-
tern that quicicly become uninteresting.

The programs listed here generate
hundreds of different figures when used
with an Epson MX-80 printer with the
Graflrax option. The basic figure is a
network of lines connecting a number
of equispaced points on the circumfer-
ence of an eight -inch circle. The user
chooses the number of points (up to 50),
whether lo make a polygon or star-form
figure by connecting or not connecting
adjacent points, and whether or not to
circumscribe the figure with a circle. Ali
figures are plotted at high defini-
tion — 120 dots per inch horizontally, 72
dots per inch vertically.

I wrote the program in Fortran to in-
CTease plotting sp^ (see Program List-
ing 1). The Microsoft Fortran compiler
generates a smaller, faster CMD file
(compiled program ready to nm) than
does the Microsoft Basic compiler. While
other Microsoft Basic compilers produce
an even smaller CHN file, they require a
separate run-time module (BRUN/
CMD) and are still slower than Fortran.

198 • 80 Micro, May 1983

Fig. I. The four forms of 6'poinl \et work fig-
ures thai can he made wiih these programs: star,
polygon, slar wlh circle, and polygon wiih circle.

For those without a Fortran compil-
er, the corresponding Basic program is
also given (see Program Listing 2). This
program is written so that Microsoft Ba-
sic compilers can either compile it as is,
or as a Level II or Disk Basic program.
Compiled versions of the program (For-
tran or Basic) calculate and print faster.
(See under "Time" below.)

If several copies of one figure are
wanted, it may be better to save the fig-
ure as a disk data file, then read the
disk data file back to plot the figure in-
stead of recalculating it for each plot.
Listings I and 2 will either print the
figure as it is calculated, or save it as a
disk file. Program Listing 3 (Fortran)
or 4 (Basic) are then used to read the
disk file and print ihe figure. Note that
the disk file is written onto disk as a se-
quential flic, but is read from disk as a
random file.

Figure Variations

The four forms these Network pro-

grams generate are shown in Fig. 1 , using
a six-point figure in all cases.

Both open centers and closed centers
may be printed, as demonstrated by
Fig. 2 with 15 points, and by Fig. 3 with
16 points. An odd number of points re-
sults in an open center while an even
number of points yields a closed center.

A larger number of points results in
what I consider to be a more interesting
design, such as Fig. 4 with 25 points.
With more r>oinls, there is little change
to the figure from using the star form,
or from adding a circumscribed circle.

Time

The time required to print one of
these figures consists of a fixed print
time plus a variable calculation lime.
The print time is about four minutes for
the compiled versions and about 16
minutes for the Basic versions. Why
should Basic take four times as long to
print the same figure? Because Fortran
or compiled Basic can send the graphics
characters to the printer fast enough to
keep up with it, but Basic cannot; there-
fore, each line requires four passes of the
print head in Basic, while faster,
compiled programs print each line in
one pass.

The calculation time varies with the
square of the number of points.

Table 1 compares the speed of vari-
ous programs for printing these net-
work figures. Calculation time in Basic
for a 16-point polygon (such as Fig. 3) is
speeded up by approximately 5 percent
by using integer calculations and
comparisons, as in the Basic program of
Listing 5. Listing 5 is a slight variation
on Listing 2; similar changes can be
made to the Fortran program of Listing
1 . In addition , Basic calculation speed is
increased by approximately 14 percent
by specifying frequently used variables

Program Listing I

Fortran program to print Network figure or la save it on disk as a disk file.

BBBIB

*•••■ Network *•»••

aee2e

00038

Written by: Delmer D. Hinricha

00040

2116 S. E. 377th Ave.

00050

Washou^al, Wash. 98671

00060

00070

FORTRAN version of NETWORK/BAS, a program to

00IB0

print the network of lines connecting a nuBber

00090

of equi-spaced points on the circunference of a

00100

circle. The following may be chosen by user:

00110

00120

1. The nunber of points, fron 2 to 50.

00130

2. Polygon forn (connect adjacent points), or

00140

star for» [adjacent points not connected) ,

00150

3. Whether or not to circumscribe the figure

00160

with a circle.

00170

00180

00190

DIMENSION LL(96B), P(2,50)

10200

LOGICAL UI, PU, PL, DU , DL, SU , SL , YV , YL, NU , NL , B(256)

00210

DATA PU /'PV, PL /'pV- DU /'D'/, DL /'d'/, SU /'S'/,

00220

1 SL /'&'/, YU /'Y'/, YL /'yVr NU /'NV, NL /'n'/

00230

00240

CALL OUT {254, 1)

00250

KN-960

00260

DO 1 I-l.MH

B027O

LL(n>0

B02B0

CONTINUE

00290

IC-0

00300

ID-0

00310

IS-0

00320

00330

Get user inputs

00340

00350

WHITE 15, 2)

00360

FORMAT (■ ', 22X, '••• Network •••'/

00370

1 15X, '(c) by Delner D. Hinrichs 1982'///

00300

2 ' Save figure on Printer or Disk (P/D)? [X'|

00390

READ (1, 3) HI

00400

FORMAT (Al)

00410

IF (UI .EQ. DU .OR. UI .EO. DL) ID-1

00420

IF (ID .EQ. .AND. lil .HE. PU .AND. UI .NE. PL) GOTO 1

00430

101

WRITE (5, 4)

00440

FORMAT (■ Number of points to use (2 to 50)7 IX')

00450

READ (1, 5) N

00460

FORMAT (13)

00470

IF (N .LT. 2 .OB. N .GT. 50) CMTO 101

00400

102

HSITE (5, 6)

00490

FORMAT (' Make Star or Polygon figure (S/P)? _IX')

00500

READ (1, 3) UI

00510

IF (CI .EQ. SL .OR. UI .EQ. SU) IS-1

00520

IF (IS ,EQ, .AND. UI .NC. PU .AND, UI .NE. PL] GOTO 102 i

00530

103

WRITE 15, 7)

00540

FORMAT (■ Enclose figure with circle (Y/N)7 [X')

005S0

READ (1, 3) UI

00560

IF (HI .EQ. YL .OR. UI .EQ. YU) IC-1

00570

IF [IC .EQ. .AHD. UI .HE, NU .AND. UI .NE. NL) GOTO 103

O05B0

00590

Initialize for calculations

00600

00610

P2=3.141591'2.B

00620

R-0,0

00630

S-1. 0/576.0

00640

U=l. 0/8192.0

00650

Y-1,0»S+S

00660

H-4B0

00670

IB-M

00680

IZ-M

00690

JJ = 1

00700

KK-1

00710

NC'0

00720

Ml-0

00730

K-7

00740

Nl-N-1

00750

00760

DO B I-1,N

00770

P[1,I)-SIN{R)

00780

P[2,I)-COS{R)

007 90

R-R+P2/(FL0AT(N) )

00800

CONTINUE

00810

00820

Is figure to be saved on Printer or Disk?

00830

00840

IF (ID .EQ. 0) GOTO 9

00850

00860

Open disk file to save figure on disk

■0870

00880

CALL OUT (254, 0)

00890

CALL OPEN (6, 'NETWJRK/DAT ', 256)

00900

CALL OUT (254, 1)

00910

GOTO 14

00920

00930

Set printer (MX-B0 with Graftrax) for graphics

00940

01950

IF (PEEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 9

00960

CALL POKE [14312, 27)

00970

IP (PEEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO It

B098B

CALL POKE (14312, 64)

00990

IF (PEEK(14312) .GT, 127) GOTO 11

BI000

CALL POKE (14312, 27)

01010

IF (PEER(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 12

01020

CALL POKE (14312, 65)

01030

IF (PEEK{14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 13

01040

CALL POKE (14312, 8)

Lalimi 1 cimlmuei

80 Micro, May 1983 • 199

P&TCP/M 2is
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Spaclal note: PST hard disk systems
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200 • 80 Micro, May 1983

Listing 1 continued

B1I5B

BlB6fl

Calculate graphics dots for each line

BlB7e

BlflSfl

DO 98 LN-1,577

BlB9e

WRITE (5, 15) LS

B110B

FORMAT (' Line # ', 13)

Blllfl

HS-i

0112B

IP (K .EQ. 0) GOTO 16

flll3B

DO 16 I-1,K

B114e

NS-NS+NS

B115B

COHTIHUE

ail6B

Y-Y-S-S

81170

X«-SQRT(1.0-Y»Y)-U

B118B

XN— XM

01198

IA-IFIX(479.B*XBltM

01200

IY=iriX(48B.8*XN]+K

01210

0122fl

Make circumscribed circle?

B123B

B124B

IF (IC .EQ. 0) GOTO 21

01250

I1«IA

B12G0

I2"IB-1

01270

IF (lA .GT. IB) Il-IB

012B0

IF CIA .GT. IB) lZ-IA-1

01290

DO 17 1-11,12

01300

LL(I)-LL(I) .OR. KS

01310

CONTINUE

B1320

IB-IA

01330

Il-IY

01348

I2-IZ-1

81350

IF (lY .GT. IZ) Il-IZ

813GB

If (lY .GT. IZ) 12-IY-l

B137B

DO 28 1-11,12

013BB

LL{I)-LI,(I) .OR. NS

B1390

CONTINUE

01400

IZ-IY

01410

DO 68 I-1,N1

01428

Xl-P(l,t}

01430

Tl-P{2,I)

01448

II-I+l

81458

DO 78 J>=II,N

81468

01470

Star Cora network?

01460

B149B

IP (IS .EQ. B) GOTO 22

815B8

L-IABSII-J)

81518

IF (L .EQ. 1 .OR. L .EQ. N-1) GOTO 7B

8152B

X2-P(1,J)

01530

Y2-P{2,J)

01540

01550

!■ plotted line crossed by drawn line?

01560

01570

IF (Y .LT. Yl-S .AND. Y .LT. Y2-S) GOTO 70

81560

IF (Y .GT. Yl+S .AHD. Y .GT. Y2+S) GOTO 70

01598

01680

la drawn line horisontal?

01618

01620

IF (ABS(yl-Y2) .GT. S) GOTO 38

B1G38

IP (ABS(Y-yl) .GT. S .OB. ABS(Y-Y2) .GT. S) GOTO 38

01640

DO 25 L-IA,IY

81658

LL(L)-LL(L) .OR. NS

81668

CONTINUE

01678

GOTO 7B

B16B0

01690

Set all dots where drawn line is in plotted line

01700

01710

P»(Xl-X2)/{yi-Y2)

01720

X"X1-(Y1-Y-S)*F

01730

Z-X1-(Y1-Y+S)*F

01740

I1-IFIX(X*48B.8)+H

01758

I2-IFIX(Z*488.B)+H

01768

IP (11 .LT. 12) GOTO 35

B1770

IT-Il

01780

11-12

017 9B

I2-IT

01800

IF (11 .LT. lA) 11=1A

01810

IF (12 .GT. lY) I2=IY

0182B

I2-I2-1

01830

DO 40 L=I1,I2

01840

LL(L) =LL(L) .OR. HS

B1850

CONTINUE

01860

CONTINUE

01870

CONTINUE

01860

K=K-1

01890

IF (K .LT. 0) GOTO 500

01980

CONTINUE

81918

IF [K .LT. 7) GOTO 580

81928

IF (ID .EQ. 0) GOTO 92

81930

IF (HI ,EQ. 1) GOTO 95

81940

81958

Calculate bytes to fill disk sector

81960

01970

PR=FLOAT(NC)*(FLOATINM)/256.e)

01988

HH°IFIX(AHOD[PR, 256.0))

01990

Ml»l

02000

IF (HH .HE. 0) GOTO 500

02810

GOTO 95

82828

8283B

Reset printer for nerval print

82848

82850

IF (PEEIt(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 92

82868

CALL POKE (14312, 27)

82878

IF (FEEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 93

02080

CALL POKE (14312, 64)

82890

WRITE (2, 94)

82180

FORMAT (/////)

02110

Listing I continue!

Scanned by Ira Goldklang - www.lrs-80.GOfn

XYZT

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new INTERACTIVE COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT

will integrate all your programs, utilities, spreadsheetes, wordprocessor, business
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The heart of the whole system — powerful high-level language
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configuration that best fits your needs Among the additional com-
mands are display management, database, arithmetic, etc. You
may write your own r>ew commands too! Best of all, you can ex-
ecute ICPL commands directly from BASIC program. That means
that you can use full power of ICPL to perform full screen \I0. file
access, prmting, while rest of compulations can be done in BAStC.
Ideal for development of serious applications and personal use.

DATABASE FACILITY $75.00

A real working horse. Unlimited number of files, each file of up to
255 fields of 64 characters each. Unlimited number of keys —
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quired — retrieve record by any key, by exact value or even by par-
tial key value. Forward scan is allowed — ideal for inquiries and
reports. Full set of commands — add, read, update, delete, find,
next- A special function indicates success of operation. 3 levels of
key readiness allow fast data entry mode and fast retrieval — real-
ly flexible. Easy file definition and maintenance. Fully compatible
with SCREEN facility. Can be called directly from BASIC program.

SCREEN MANAGEMENT FACILITY S75.00

The most flexible screen management facility ever written for the
micro. Full screen input/output with as little as one command. Pro-
grammable function keys, insert/delete within field, extensive
editing and validation of data such as date, time, amount, numeric
fields, full cursor control, protected and input fields, messages,
etc. Easy definition and changes, no special processing required,
can be used directly from BASIC. Even more ~ screen can be
changed without changing program that uses it. Screens can be
produced with any wordprocessor -just type saeen image, save it
to disk arKJ screen Is ready tor use.

REPORT WRfTER $75.00

All kinds of reports, invoices, mailing labels, customized letters,
special forms can be easily specified and printed out with com-
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screens and menus the forms can be created using any word-
processor and easily modified without changing programs. The
output can tie routed to display to provide fast Inquires.

MENU FACILrrV. (comes at no charge with screen management)
Simple to use yet unbelievaibiy powerful. Create your own menus
in a matter of minutes and link them together. Unlimited number of
selection n>ertus, can be organized both sequentially and hierar-
chically. Each menu can have a number of input windows retaining
information between sessions. Application programs, spread-
sf>eets. wordprocessor s. games, DOS functions... can t>e executed
directly from menus. Help screens will assist you In making
selection.

LIBRARY SUPPORT OPTION $75.00

A must for every serious computer user. Allows creation of
libraries for logical organization of your files and programs Saves
space, increases speed of operation, eases tile manipulation. Fully
transparent — regular DOS commands can be used to COPY, LIST,
PRINT, KILL, LOAD , etc. directly from/to libraries. Compatible
with application programs. Up to 240 files per library, practically
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To order, specify Mod l/lil and DOS:

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(212) 244-3100

Order by Mail or Check Your Local Dealer

DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME! >^'»

^Sm List ot Adv9ftt»»n on Pagw 371

80 Micro, May 1983 • 201

in the dimension statement, so that the
Basic interpreter could find them more
quickly during operation.

Considering only the calculation
time, floating point calculations and
comparisons with compiled Basic are
about seven times as fast as with Basic,
while Fortran is about ten times as fast
as Basic. With integer calculations,
compiled Basic is nearly 1 7 times faster

Fig. 2. Fifteen-point polygon Network figure
showing the open-center form.

Laiing I conliiturd

03121

Proqiaa end

a2i3fl

02141

CALL OUT (254, ■]

■ 215I

IF (ID .BQ. 1) QiDFILE 6

■ 2169

MRITE [5, 96]

■ 2170

PORllAT (// ' Finally Donalll' //

12180

' Do you want to make another one (Y/N)? _[X')

03190

READ (1, 3) UI

02200

IF (01 .EQ. YL .0». DI .EQ. YOl GOTO 99

02210

WRITE (5, 97)

02220

FORMAT (// ' Proqian End' ///)

02230

GOTO 999

02240

l22Si

Is flqur« to be saved on disk or on printer?

12261

02271

500

IP (ID .EQ. 01 GOTO 510

■2280

02290

Mrit* bit-Bapp«d graphics charactccB onto disk

02300

02310

DO 505 J-1,HH

B232B

NX-LL(J)

02330

IF (NX .GT. 127) HX-NX-256

02340

B(JJ)-NX

■ 2350

LL(Jl-0

■ 2361

JJ-JJ+1

■ 2371

IF (JJ .LT. 257) GOTO 595

■2380

CALL OUT (254, ■)

0239*

WRITE (6, REC-RX, END-9CB) B

02400

CALL OUT (254, 1]

■2410

KI-KK;»1

■2420

JJ-1

■ 2430

505

CONTINUE

■ 244^

K-7

■ 2450

HC-NC+l

■ 246^

HBITE (5, 560)

02470

GOTO 9^

■ 248^

02490

Print bit-B«pp«d graphics chacacteis

02500

03S10

sia

IF (PEEX(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 510

03S30

CALL PORE (14312, 27)

■253^

511

IF (PEEX(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 511

■ 254^

CALL POKE (14312. 761

02550

512

IF [PEEX(14312) .GT. 137) GOTO 512

■ 3560

CALL POXE (14312, 193)

■3571

513

IF [PEEX(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 513

■3saa

CALL POXE [14312, 3)

■ 259a

DO 559 J-lfNH

02«a0

52^

IF (FBBK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 52^

02fil0

CALL POKE (14312, LL(J) )

■262^

LL(J)-0

■3630

550

CONTIHUE

■26 4^

K-7

02650

WRITE (5, 560)

02660

WRITE (2, 560)

02670

560

FORMAT ( ■ ■ )

■ 26 Bl

GOTO 90

■ 2699

■27^^

90 ■

WRITE (5, 910)

02710

919

FORMAT I/// ' •• DISK ERROR ••' ///)

02720

EMDFILE 6

02730

02740

For Model III TRS-80S, change all statements of:

02750

02760

CALL POKE (14312, n)

■2770

027 B0

to I

■ 279^

■2B00

CALL OUT (24B, n)

>2B1^

■3B2B

999

END

Fig. 3. Sixleen-point polygon Network figure
showing the closed-center form.

Fig. 4. Twenty-five-poinl polygon Network
figure.

202 • 80 Micro. May 1983

Calculate and Print

16-Point Polygon

any Figure

Hoitini Point

Integer

Loaded from

Disk

161.9

154.1

45.2

141.6

135.9

44.7

21.5

11.2

5.5

18.4

9.2

5.4

Basic

Basic, Oim
Compiled Basic
Fortran

Table 1. Relative speed of printing Network figures using different programs. The numbers are
the time in minutes. Basic is NEWDOSSODisk Basic. Basic, Dim is with frequently used variables
set in the dimension statement. Compiled Basic is with the Microsoft compiler. Fortran is with the
Microsoft cwnpiler. See text for further exf^nation.

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• 24 x 64 and 32 x 64 upper case
• Full ASCII Keyboards
• Easy startup— just type "FLEX"
'^ • Online assistance— JusI type HELP
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90 Micro. May 1983 • 203

:xc=a£^TXor4«M_ mx

O PLUS *

Ct-tARACTER KD Z TOR

sr «<*«izeH£>

■^ nrratTi flix brufthaj-^— features

• TEXT CDNIROL USING CONTROL. LHrif-M Tt'(!i •

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• COnPATIElLE MUM [jmtR (t;AlURLS •

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• SLRIPPII» • Lfi.'VUfilTER • PENCIL •
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auiocLv DEBia* 9>ecial letters mo print

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narfhinj'

:vpi ]

.1 I ,

■I ijt 1 le
I indl 1 V
dHhi^ri^d itDr Epson tt" 5i?r iw^ prinltrt wilh

OKAFTRAl— '"-. It jlltM!, yi.n I [. lltllllB

jriv Or^.ttrrf- toi.t fedturp on * chtrtrtrr-

Dv insBf-tina slmoLe i.ontrt^l cri»'jctwr«
Ml tFil n HOrd prtx:04SLMEj t^^t.

rh» Lhar»cl»r Bdilo' »B«tur> Jlllim^ JDii to
Cr»jtH any letter l mjitji o*D I » . \tir antire

progrjkj* i s 1 ■^vIX ««««*!> I v I *ngu4iij* *or
9- trvnsl « iiiboot h, qid J ': t refipoo«e_ ^

frdi tor 4r>d Ch^r^c t c qvnpf-dt L n«t co*Hii4>ndft
Hlth « built-in n*lp « /ou to
pvrtora functicms IiIb top,, tirm. a^rqe.
replica's, and delete. CL>«i'l^ted letter
t I I VK •.nr. D« Mtorma and rr<*llra fram diit
fcr futiir B <i&e.

In« standard nAiPRINt*-'"- wtw-t ■, -I tr>
*l 1 BASIC profiravs. Adapter prt>4r«ii>s tr v
p'O.ldeil Jor SCRIF5ir. LA;i l*lItR. and
PENCIL . niniifKji* frVfrFe* reQulF-e*e(it& are «
401 nodrl 1 or rtodel III hi th one disl
drive. inoclel 111 nwui too dikl drives

to coni.ei t nnlv.' Epson ni Series printer
"Hist be equipped oi th L^RAF Ifvai>'>-"~.

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nAiPRINt 1* supplied on disi hi tn nanual .
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Ill tnl *ri>IN Hmi H i»wi KM iM MIPIIIT^'*.

^333

than Basic, while Fortran is 23 times
faster. Thus, compiled integer calcula-
tions are about 2.4 times as fast as com-
piled floating point calculations, com-
pared to only a 5 percent improvement

using Basic. In terms of speed,
therefore, it is more important to use in-
tegers with the compiled programs than
it is when using Basic. One drawback
with integers is that an occasional

10 CLS iPRINT TAB(2B)" ***** Network *•••*"

20 * (c) by Delmec D. Hinrichs 1982

30 ■ Bit-mapped graphics progran for the Epson HX~a0 w/Graftcax

40 OUT 254,1

50 DEFINT I-N :DIH H5, L, S, Y, Yl , Y2 , L(96fl), P(l,49)

60 IC-0 :ID-0 :IS»e :NC<<0

70 PRINT iPRINT"Save figure on Printer or Disk (P/D)7 ";

80 GOSUB 570 i IF AS="D" THEN ID-1 ELSE IF ASO'P" GOTO 80

90 PRINT ;PRINT ! INPUT'Humber of points to use (2 to 50)"; AS

100 N-VAL(A$) :Nl-N-l :IF N<2 OR H>50 GOTO 90

110 PRINT :PRINT"Hake Star or Polygon figure (S/P)? ';

120 GOSUB 570 :IF AS="S" THEN IS-1 ELSE IF ASO'P" GOTO 120

130 PRINT iPRINT : PRINT'Enclose figure with circle (Y/N)? ";

140 GOSUB 570 :IF A$='Y" THEN IC-1 ELSE IF A5<>"N" GOTO 140

150 PRINT iPRINT : P2=2*3 .141593 :R-0 :S-l/576 :U=1/8192 :M=480

160 FOR 1-0 TO Nl

170 P(0,I)-SIN(R) :P(1,I)-C0S(R) :R-R+P2/N

180 NEXT I

190 IF ID OUT 254,0 :OPEN"0" ,1 , "NETWORK/DAT" lOUT 254,1

200 IP ID-0 LPRINT CHRS(27); "g"; CHRS(27); "A"; CHRS(8)

210 IB-« iIZ-H :K=7 :Y=1+S+S

220 FOR LN=1 TO 577 !PRlNT"Line •"; LN,

230 NS-1 :IF K FOR L-1 TO ' K :NS=NS+NS iNEXT L

240 Y-Y-S-S :XM-SQR(1-Y*Y)-U :XN— XM

250 lA^XN'lM-l)*** :IY*XM*M+M

260 IF IC-0 GOTO 310

270 IF IA>IB THEN Il-IB :I2-IA ELSE 1I = IA :I2>=IB

280 FOR I-Il TO 12-1 :L(I)-L(I) OR NS :NEXT I : IB«IA

290 IF IY>IZ THEN I1=IZ :I2-IY ELSE Il-IY ;I2=IZ

300 FOR I=Il TO 12-1 :L(I)-L(1) OR NS iNEXT I sIZ-IY

310 FOR I»=0 TO Nl-1 :X1=P(0,I) :Yl=P(l,I)

320 FOR J=I+1 TO Nl

330 IF IS THEN L-ABS(I-J) :IF L-1 OR L-Nl GOTO 440

340 X2-P(0,J) :Y2=P(1,J)

350 IF Y<Y1-S AND Y<Y2-S OR Y>Y1+S AND Y>Y2+S GOTO 440

360 IF ABS(Y1-Y2)>S GOTO 390

370 IF ABS(Y-Y1)>S OR ABS(Y-Y2)>S GOTO 390

380 FOR L-IA TO lY :L(L]'>L(L) OR NS :NEXT L :GOT0 440

390 F-(X1-X2)/(Y1-Y2) :X=X1-(Y1-Y-S) "F : 2=Xl-( Yl-Y+S) *F

400 IF X>Z THEN Il-Z*K+M: l2=X*M+« ELSE I1=X*H+M: I2-Z*H+M

410 IF IKIA THEN Il-IA

420 IF I2>IY THEN I2=IY

430 FOR L-Il TO 12-1 :L(L]=L(L] OR NS iNEXT I.

440 NEXT J

450 NEXT I :K-K-1 :IF K<0 GOSUB 620

460 NEXT LH :IF K<7 GOSUB 620

470 PR='NC*(H+M)/256 iM- ( 1- ( PR-INT(PR) ) ) *12B

480 IF M AND ID GOSUB 620

490 IF ID-0 LPRINT CHR$(27); "i"; STRINGS ( 5 , 13)

500 OUT 254,0

510 PRINT :PRINT-Finally Done I H "

520 PRINT: PRINT: PRINT"Do you want to make another one (Y/N)? ';

530 GOSUB 570 :IF A$-'Y' GOTO 10 ELSE IF ASO'N" GOTO 530

540 PRINT ! PRINT : PRINT'Program End'

550 END

560 ' Get one character from keyboard

570 PRINT CHRS(95)) CHRS(24)j

580 A$-INKEY$ :IF AS-"' GOTO 580

590 A-ASC(A$) :IF A>95 THEN A=A-32 :A$-CHR$(A)

600 PRINT AS; CHRS(24); iRETURN

610 ' Is figure to be saved on printer or on disk?

620 IF ID=0 GOTO 700

630 ' Save bit-mapped graphics characters onto disk

640 OUT 254,0

650 FOR J-1 TO H+M

660 PRINT »1, CHR$(L(J)); :L(J)-0

670 NEXT J :OUT 254,1 iPRINT iK-7 :NC-NC+1

680 RETURN

690 ' Print bit-mapped graphics characters on HX-80

700 LPRINT CHRS(27)j "L"; CHR5(192); CHRS(3);

710 FOR J-1 TO H+M

720 IF PEEK(14312) >127 GOTO 720

730 POKE 14312, L(J) :L(J)-0

7 40 NEXT J :K>7 t PRINT : LPRINT

750 RETURN

760 ■ For Model III TRS-80B, in line 730 changei

770 ' POKE 14312, L{J) to: OUT 248, L(J)

Program Listing 2. Basic program to print Network figure or to save it on disk as a disk file.

204 • 80 Micro. May 1983

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SO Micro. May ^983 • 205

If you
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NEW!! POINTER VARIABLES!

graphics dol may be misplaced due to
the lack of calculation accuracy. The
slower floating point programs are best
for high-quality figures.

If several copies of a figure are de-
sired, it is usually faster to calculate and
save the figure as a disk file, than to
print the copies from the disk file. The
time to calculate and save a disk data
file is about the same as it is to calculate

and print one copy. Any figure can be
printed from the disk file in the same
time, regardless of its number of points.

Fortran is about 28 percent faster
than compiled Basic in calculating and
printing a network figure from scratch,
but is only slightly faster in printing a
figure from a disk file (see Table 1).

The times given in Table I are for
comparison only; your times will prob-

SBflll

•** Loader foi Hatwork Data •••

BBI2I

10131

Based on p cog can by Bob Boo the

eBB4l

SB Miccocomputingi Hacch 1982, p. 116

flsesfl

BBI6I

This FORTRAN version by Deliaac D. Hiniichs

aifl7a

IBB8B

BB090

LOGICAL UI, YU, YL, B(256]

BBIBB

DIMENSION L(96B)

BBllB

DATA YU /"{'/, YL /'yV

BB12B

0ei3B

WRITE (5, 2)

aB14B

FORMAT {' ", 15X, '••• Loader for Network Data •••' ///

0B1SB

' Press <ENTER> to load "NETWORX/DAT" file fro« disk'.

BBISB

' and print it' //}

BB17B

PAUSE

BBISB

CALL OPEN (6. 'NETVORX/DAT ', 256)

BB19B

CALL OUT (254, 1)

BB2BB

IF (PBEK(14312] .GT. 127) GOTO 6

BB21B

CALL POKE (14312, 27)

BB22I

IF (PEEI[(143121 .GT. 127) GOTO 7

BB23B

CALL POKE (14312, 64)

SB24B

IF (PEEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO B

BB2SB

CALL POKE (14312, 27)

BB26B

IF (PEEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 9

BB27S

CALL POKE (14312, 65}

■■28B

IF (PEEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO IB

BB29i

CALL POKE (14312, B)

■i3BB

J-257

BB31B

K-1

>B32i

IF (PEEX(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 11

■B33S

CALL POKE (14312, 27)

BB34B

IF (PEEK(14312) .CT. 127) GOTO 12

BB35I

CALL POKE (14312, 76)

BBSGB

IF (PEEK{14312) .CT. 127) GOTO 13

BB37B

CALL POKE (14312, 192)

BB3BB

IF (PEEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 14

BB39B

CALL POKE (14312, 3)

BB4iB

DO 2B I-1,96B

BB41B

IF (J .LT. 257) GOTO 15

BB42B

CALL OUT (254, B)

eB43e

READ (6, REC-K, END-5BB) B

BB44B

CALL OUT (254, 1)

0B45B

K-K+1

Be46B

J-1

B047B

N-B{J)

BB48B

IF (N .LT. B) H-H+3S6

BB49B

L(I)-N

Besee

J-J+1

B051B

CONTINUE

0B52B

DO 25 1-1,960

BB53a

IP (PEEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 22

Be54B

CALL POKE (14312, L(I] ]

B055B

L[I)-B

BBSfiB

CONTINUE

B0S70

WRITE (2, 27)

BBSBB

FORMAT ( ' ' )

BB59B

GOTO 11

BBeBB

BBelB

Pinal Cleanup

BIC2B

BBCBB

5BB

CALL OUT (254, B)

BBC 40

ENDFILE 6

BB65B

DO SSB I'l,9Gfl

BB66B

SIB

IF (PKEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 51B

0BE7B

CALL POKE (14312, L(I))

006 SB

SSB

CONTINUE

BiG9B

555

IF (PEEK(14312) .CT. 127) OOTO 555

0B7B0

CALL POKE {14312, 27)

BB710

557

IF (PEEK{14312) .CT. 127) GOTO 557

0072B

CALL POKE {14312, 64)

BB73B

WRITE (2, 560)

■B74B

560

FORMAT {////)

BB75B

00760

WRITE (5, 600)

0077B

fiBB

FORMAT (//// ' Finally Dona 1 1 ' //

0078B

' Do you want to print another one (Y/N)? -■')

BBT90

READ (1, 602) UI

0BSB0

6B2

FORMAT (Al)

B0B1B

IF (UI .BQ. YU .OR. UI .EQ. YL) GOTO 1

B082B

B0830

For Model III TRS-BBb, change all stateaents of:

0BB4B

CALL POKE (14312, n) toi CALL OUT (248, n)

BBB50

0BBGB

QID

Program Listing 3. Fortran program to read Network data file from disk and print it.

206 • 80 Micro, May 1983

IF YOURE GOING TO

BE PICKY ABOUT AN

OPERATING SYSTEM

SEE WHICH WAS

PICKED BEST

The readers of 80 Micro were
asked to select their favorite
operattng system for the TRS-80
Model lAIII. LDOS, DOSFLU5.
TRSDOS, MULTIDOS. WO BOS 1 ami
ncWDOSBO were all on the ballot.
They pkKed nCWDOS.80.

The editors or 80 Micro have also
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Troin among every software
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SliKC we first Introduced the
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been suiting its features, capat^lltics
arKi attvanliiy<». Thank you 80 Micro
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High Pcrfonnanc« DOS

nr.Wl)OS'eo Version 2.0 Is our
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The versallllly and sophistication of
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MiKlel I

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• D>'natnlcHlly niercje In BASIC (also
allows HKr^in^ of rion ASCII
format Hies)

• Selective variable clcurinq

• Can display BASIC llslltigs page by
piK|e

■ Automatic repeat hjnction key

• Koutirtci lor peripheral handling

• Enhanced disassembler

• CommarKl chaining

• Supcraap to scan files

- East sort function In BASIC

Hard Disk Support Plow Available

■ Support for Apparal's and Radio
Shack's Mcxk-I III hard <llsK
(opUoiial-avallabk upon request
for additional $60}

features make
P1EW[X)S'80 one
of the most powerful
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your system. And Apparat's
commitment lo support assures ih.fl
you've purchased a superior
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At just »I49.00 it could t>e Ute best
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IBM Personal Computer

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IBM Monitor

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ably be different . They were run using
the Archbold clock control board,
which speeds up my system by 50 F>er-
cenl, but the Basic programs were run
under NEWDOS80 Disk Basic, which
slows down my system by 6 percent.
The features added by Disk Basic take
their loll in speed.

If you do not have Fortran or Basic
compilers, already compiled versions
are available from me.

Program Details

The CALL OUT (254, 1) statement,
or the corresponding OUT 254,1 state-
ment in Basic, increases the TRS-80's
clock speed if the Archbold clock con-
trol board has been installed. CALL
OUT (254, 0) then slows it back to nor-
mal, for disk operations or for the end

of the program. If you do not have this
board, these statements have no effect.

In line 360 of Listing 1, there are the

strange characters '(\[ ' in a Format

statement. This is how the EDIT/CMD
program lists the ASCII characters 28

and 31 (Control \ and Control ).

These characters, Home and Clear to
end of frame, are the equivalent of the
Basic CLS statement. I put them into
the program using the Superzap utility
of NEWDOS80. They may be left out
with no effect on the program except
that the video display is less neat.

Likewise, the '__[X' characters in
lines 380, 440, 490, 540, and 2180 are
ASCII 95 and 24 (underline and Con-
trol X, or backspace), to simulate the
INPUT prompt of Basic.

For the Model III TRS-80, minor

10 CLS :PRINT TAB(14)"*** Loader for Network Data **•"

20 ' (c) by Delraet D. Hinrichs 1982

30 CLEAR 300 iDEFINT I-N :DIH J, BS(255), L(960)

40 PRINT iPRINT :INPUT"Get disic ready, then press any key'; AS

58 0PEN"R',1, "NETWORK/DAT" :OUT 254,1

60 LPRINT CHBS(27); '9'} CHRS(27)i "A"; CHRS(8)

70 FOR 1=0 TO 255 :FIELD 1, 1*1 AS PS, 1 AS BS{I) :NEXT I

B0 J=256 :PRINT :PRINT : PRINT'Loading Data";

90 LPRINT CHRS{ 27) ; "L"; CHRS(192); CHRSO);

100 FOR 1=1 TO 960

llfl IF J--;56 OUT 254,0 :GET 1

:IF E0F{1) THEN 140 ELSE OUT 254,1 :J=0
120 L(I)-ASC(B$(J) ) :J-J+1
130 NEXT I
14B FOR 1=1 TO 960
150 IF PEEK(14312)>127 GOTO 150
160 POKE 14312, L(I] :L(I)=0
170 NEXT I iLPRINT :IF EOF{l)-0 GOTO 90
180 CLOSE

190 LPRINT CHRS(27) J 'g"; STRINGS( 5 ,13)
200 PRINT" Completed"

210 PRINT! PRINT: PRINT-Do you want to load another one (Y/N) ? ";
220 A5=INKEYS :IF A$="" GOTO 220
230 IF AS-"y" OR AS="y" GOTO 10
240 CLS !PRINT"Prograiii End"
250 END

260 ' For Model IIT TRS-60S, in line 160 change:
270 ' POKE 14312, HI) to: OUT 248, L(l)

Ingram Listing 4. Basic program to read Network data file from disk and print it.

Program Listing 5. Basic program similar lo Listing 2, but using integer calculations for greater
speed.

10 CLS :PRINT TAB ( 16) "***** Integer Networlt ***••-

20 ' (c) by Delmer D. Hinrichs 1982

30 ' Bit-mapped graphics program for the Epson HX-80 w/Graftrax

40 OUT 254,1

50 DEFINT I-N, Y :DIH NS , L, Y, JY, KY, Lt960), IP(1,49)

60 IC^O :ID-0 :IS-0 :NC-0

70 PRINT ;PRINT"Save figure on Printer or Dislt (P/D)? ■;

B0 GOSUB 590 I IF A5-'D" THEN 10=1 ELSE IF A$<>"P" GOTO 80

90 PRINT :PRINT : INPUT'Number of points to use (2 to 50)"; AS

100 N-VAL(AS) :Nl=N-l !IF N<2 OR N>50 GOTO 90

110 PRINT :PRINT"«alte Star or Polygon figure (S/P)? ";

120 GOSUB 590 :IF AS="S' THEN IS-1 ELSE IF A$<>"P" GOTO 120

130 PRINT SPRINT : PRINT"Enclose figure with circle (Y/N)? ";

140 GOSUB 590 : IF A$="Y' THEN IC-1 ELSE IF A5<>"N" GOTO 140

150 PRINT :PRINT : P2-2*3 . 141593 :H-480 :HH=576 :R=0

160 FOR 1-0 TO Nl

170 IP(0,I)-SIN(R)*H :IP(1,I)=C0S(R)*MM :R=R+P2/N

180 NEXT I

190 IF ID OUT 254,0 ;0PEN'0" ,1 , "NETWORK/DAT" :OUT 254,1

Listing ^ nmrifjuB

208 - BO Micro, May 1983

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COMPUTER ACCESSORIES

MODEL 80
LINE PRINTER SWITCH

Parallel printer port switch used to
select betwesn 2 printers and 1 com-
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use on the TRS-BO' computer but is
sdaptaMe lo any Centrorwcs-type
pa/sMsi Interfaoa. Haquiras an exten-
sion cable between computer port
and switch Provides card-edge oon-
rwcbon lor each pnnler
MPUT NOrCREOUIREDliassinOevn)

MODEL SOB

BUFFERED

PRINTER SWITCH

MODEL II, MODEL 12,
OR MODEL16 USERS

HAVING 2 PRINTERS
Piralel pnnler port stmtch is used to
select between 2 printers and one
computer without changing cables. A
34-pin Dual- Row- Ptug(DRP) oonnec-
tor lor each pnnter ana a printer port
extension cable is provided.
INPUT: 117V AC 60 Hz

MODEL 81
PROGRAMMABLE
PRINTER SWITCH

Software programmable paralel
pnnler port switch used to seled be-
tween 2 printers and 1 computer
Switch has been designed for use on
aM TRS-BO' oompulers Extension
cable between switch and computer
port « provided. [Please specify
which Model). Provides card-edge
conrwction for each prviter.
INPUT: 117V AC. 60 Hz

$52.00

$90.00

$120.00

MODELS 82. 83. 84
LINE PRINTER SWITCHES

Pwaliel printer port switch used to select between 1 printer
and 2 3 or 4 corr^MJters. Switch hai been designed for use
with TRS-80' coiT^ulers but a adtpMble to any Centronics-
type paraBal interface Reqwres an extenston cable between
each corv^Miter port and swMch. Provides card-edga connec-
tion for each prwiter.
INPUT: 117V AC. 60 Hi

MODEL 82 (2 computers) $ 90.00
MODEL 83 (3 computers) $120.00
MODEL 84 (4 computers) $150.00

MODEL 88
SMARTSWITCH BUFFER (48K)

Pwaliel pnnler port buffer-switch used lo setod between any
one of three printers. lUlultlple Copy Function aMows print-
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Function aliowa paper cban0e and printer adfustments witfv
out kriiing oparaliona. 8wncb haa bMn daaigned lor use on
trie TRS 80' computer but ia adiptible to any Centronrcs
type parallel interface. Raqulraa an asdension cable t}etween
computer port and switch. Provides card-edge connection tor

INPUT: IITV AC eOHZ. $299.00

Introductory Orfer $224.00

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eO Micro, May 1903 • 209

changes in the graphics print routines
are needed, due to the different way
that the Model III handles characters
sent to the printer. The CALL POKE
(14312, n) statements for the Model I
must be changed to CALL OUT (248,
n) for the Model III. The S (substitute)
command in the Edit program for For-
tran makes this change throughout the
program with only one user entry.

Other Printers

These programs can be readily
changed to print these Network figures
with bit -mapped graphics printers other
than the Epson MX-80 with Graftrax
for which they were written. To make
the necessary changes, you must know
how the MX-80 prints graphics, and
how your printer prints graphics.

The MX-80 is first set for a line spac-
ing of 8/72 inch. Then, before each
graphics line is printed, the printer is
told to interpret the next n characters it
receives as graphics characters. For
these figures, n equals 960. Each graph-
ics character may be any ASCII charac-
ter from zero to 255. The 8 bits of each
character print a dot if the bit is "on"
and do not print if the bit is "off."
Thus, each pass of the print head prints
eight horizontal lines of dots. The
highest bit, 128, prints the highest dot,
64 prints the next highest dot, on down
to I, which prints the lowest dot.

The programs calculate horizontal
lines of dots in groups of eight, and
display the lines they are working on,
also in groups of eight. The variable NS
is set to 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 to
correspond to the dot line. If any dot is

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to be set "on," NS is ORed with the
proper integer from the 960 values in
the "Line" array. That is, the dot is set
on either if it is already set on, or if the
value of NS sets it on.

If your printer prints other than 960
dots per line horizontally, then the
variable M should be set to half the
number of dots per line, instead of to
480 as in these programs. In addition,
480.0 (and 479.0) in the Fortran pro-
gram should be adjusted.

The variable K is decremented from
seven to zero to keep track of which line
of dots is being calculated. For printers
that print fewer lines of dots at a time,
instead of eight values, K should have a
corresponding smaller range. For print-

ers that set the highest dot with the
lowest number bit, K should initially set
to zero (instead of to seven) and in-
cremented for each succeeding line of
dots. A little trial and error will get
things right.

Acknowledgement

Bob Boothe's excellent article on
MX-80 graphics in the March 1 982 issue
of 80 Micro pointed the way to get
started with bit -mapped graphics. ■

DelmerD. Hinhchscan be reached at
2116 SE 377th Ave., Washougal, WA
98671.

Listing 5 conlinued

'#"; CHR$(27) ; "A"; CHRS(8)

2B0 IF ID=e LPRINT CHR$(27)

210 IB=H :IZ=M :K=7

220 FOR LN=0 TO MM : Y= { 288-LN) *2 :PRINT"Line I"; LN,

230 NS=1 :IF K FOR L=1,T0 K :NS=NS+NS :NEXT L

240 Z=Y/HM :HX=SQR(1-Z*Z) *H :MN=-HX

250 IA=MN+M+1 :IY=MX+H

260 IF IC=0 GOTO 3X0

270 IF IA>IB THEN I1=IB :I2=IA ELSE Il=IA :I2-IB

280 FOR 1=11 TO 12-1 :L(I)=L(I) OR NS :NEXT I : IB=IA

290 IF IY>IZ THEN I1 = IZ :I2>=IY ELSE Il = IY :I2 = IZ

300 FOR I=Il TO 12-1 :L(I)=L(I) OR NS :NEXT I :IZ=IY

310 FOR 1=0 TO Nl-1 :JX=IP{0,I) :JY=IP(1,I)

320 FOR J=I+1 TO Nl

330 IF IS THEN L=ABS(I-J) :IF L=l OR L=N1 GOTO 450

340 KX=IP(0,J) :KY=IP{1,J)

350 IF Y<JY-1 AND y<KY-l OR Y>aY+l AND Y>KY+1 GOTO 450

361 IF ABS(JY-KY)>1 GOTO 400

370 IF ABS(Y-JY)>1 OR ABS(Y-KY)>1 GOTO 400

380 IF JF»y+2 THEN 450 ELSE JF=Y

398 FOR L=IA TO IY-1 :L(L)=L(L) OR NS : NEXT L :GOTO 450

400 F={JX-KX}/(JY-KY) : LX=JX- ( JY-Y-l) *F : LZ=JX- ( JY-Y+l) *F

410 IF LX>LZ THEN Il=LZ+H :I2=LX+M ELSE Il-LX+M !l2-LZ+M

420 IF IKIA THEN Il=IA

430 IF I2>IY THEN 12=1?

440 FOR L=ll TO 12-1 :L(L)-L(L) OR NS iNEXT L

450 NEXT J

460 NEXT I ;K=K-1 : IF K<0 GOSUB 640

470 IF JF=Y+2 THEN JF=0

480 NEXT LN :IF K<7 GOSUB 640

490 PR=NC*(H+M)/256 :H=(1-(PR-INT(PR) ) } *12B

500 IF M AND ID GOSUB 640

510 IF ID=fl LPRINT CHR$(27)j '%'i STRINGS { 5 , 13)

520 OUT 254,0

530 PRINT :PRINT"Finally Donelll"

540 PRINT:PRlNT:PRINT"Do you want to make another one (Y/N)? ";

550 GOSUB 590 :IF ti$='Y' GOTO 10 ELSE IF AS<>"N" GOTO 550

560 PRINT :PRINT : PRINT'Prograra End"

57 END

580 ' Get one character from keyboard

590 PRINT CHRS(95); CHR5{24);

600 AS=INKEYS :IF AS="' GOTO 600

610 A=ASC(AS) :IF A>95 THEN A=A-32 :A$=CHRS(A)

620 PRINT AS; CHR$(24); :RETURN

630 ' Is figure to be saved on printer or on disk?

640 IF ID=0 GOTO 720

650 ' Save bit-mapped graphics characters onto disk

660 OUT 254,0

670 FOR J=l TO H+H

680 PRINT #1, CHRS(HJ}); iL(J)=0

690 NEXT J :OUT 254,1 :PRINT :K=7 :NC=NC+1

700 RETURN

710 ' Print bit-mapped graphics characters on MX-80

720 LPRINT CHRS(27}i "L"! CHR5(192); CHRSO);

730 FOR J=l TO H+M

740 IF PEEK(14312} >127 GOTO 740

750 POKE 14312, L(J) :L(J)=0

760 NEXT J :K=7 :PRINT iLPRINT

77 RETURN

780 ' For Model III TRS-80S, in line 750 change:

790 ' POKE 14312, L(J) to: OUT 248, L{J)

210 • 80 Micro, May 1983

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80 Micro, May 1983 • 211

UTILITY

40K Color Basic

by Richard E. Esposito
Ralph E. Ramhoff
Raymond W. Rowe

Should you be content
with 32K RAM on
your Color Computer when
you could have 40K?

After shelling out a wad of cash for
Extended Color Basic and another tidy
sum for CHsk Basic, why would anyone
want to revert to Color Basic? Probably
no one would, especially since some
Color Computer programs are already
hard to squeeze into the unit's standard
32K memory.

But here's a utility that gives you an
extra 8K of Basic RAM to play with. In
addition to this extra memory, there are
a number of side benefits with 40K Ba-
sic, for instance, the text buffer of the
Tdewriter 1 .0 word processor is increased
from 18,500 characters to 26,692
characters. This puts Telewriter in a

The Key Box

Color Computer
64KRAM

Cassette or Disk Basic
Assembly Language
Editor/ Assembler

league with 32K Scripsit's 31,518, which
doesn't use high-resolution graphics.

Other examples abound, but in gen-
eral any cassette-based processor that
does not use ROM routines from Ex-
tended Basic benefits from the addi-
tional 8K of RAM. Some ROM-based
processors also benefit, so long as you
perform EXEC 49152 while the car-
tridge-select pin is taped over (SDS80C
meets this criterion).

Why It Works

If you study the disassembly of Color
Basic 1 . 1 very carefully, you'll note that
Basic checks locations S8000 and S8001
for the number $4558 (this is the hex
value for the ASCII characters EX).
With Basic in RAM, change this num-
ber so that Basic is unaffected when Ex-
tended Basic is installed. Just clear loca-
tion S8000.

You must patch Basic so it does not
reprogram the SAM for memory map
#0. This is easily accomplished by in-
stalling a jump instruction at SA05 1 . In-
stead of having Basic decide how much
free memory is available, a patch at
SA084 tells it that 40K is available. If
this is not done, Basic would eat itself.

In addition, location $71 is cleared to
force Basic to do a hard start. As a final
touch I reprogrammed the section of Ba-
sic that prints "Color Basic 1 . 1 " so that
it prints * '40K Custom Color Basic 1.1".

In Program Listing 1 is an Assembly-
language routine to bring the machine

up in 40K Custom Color Basic.

If you do not have an assembler, you
can still enter the patch into memory by
running the Basic program in Listing
2. Then save it to tape by typing
CSAVEM "40KBASIC",&H7E50,
&H7ECB,&H7E7E.

To use the new Basic, just insert the
tape and type: CLOADM "40KBA-
SIC":EXEC.

40K Custom Color Bask

If you type ?MEM when you first
bring up 40K Basic, the machine
responds -26329. Your computer is
not broken!

Basic uses the 16-bit X register to
count free memory. Since the high-
order bit for a number greater than
32767 is 1 , the MEM routine recognizes
it as negative. If you prefer a positive
number, type: ?MEM + 65536. You will
have 39207 bytes free.

This is only necessary until you use
the first 8K bytes with a program. After
that, the high-order bit is zero.

BeOs and Whbtks

There is one problem with 40K Basic.
When you hit the reset button with a D
or earlier board, the computer returns
to 32K Extended Basic and you lose
your program. The VDG and SAM
chips are reset along with the MC6809.
To reset 40K Basic properiy, only the
MC6809 need be reset. The newer E and
F boards only reset the MC6809.

212 • 80 Micro. May 1983

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80 Micro, May 1983 • 213

diode CR2. With this switch in the
closed position, you get the usual reset.
If, however, this switch is open in 40K
Basic, you achieve a reset without losing
your program and going back to 32K
Extended Basic. However, I don't
recommend that you install the switch.
The wires connected to the switch must
be brought out from the diode (CR2)
which is located inside the shielded
enclosure. On some computers this may
cause an interference problem.

It is also possible to automatically
start your routine. An auto-start routine
automatically initiates execution
following the CLOADM command.
Just about any machine-language pro-
gram residing below the 32K boundary
can be started automatically.

Basic maintains its stack at the top of
memory. When a CLOADM command
is executed, Basic generates a JSR in-

struction to its CLOADM routine, and
its return address is saved on the stack.

When Basic finishes with CLOADM,
it executes an RTS instruaion, which
takes the address of the next instruction
from the stack. Normally this is the ad-
dress of the Ready routine, which prints
"OK" followed by the blinking cursor.
If, however, a machine-language rou-
tine is loaded from tape, it may over-
write the stack area and the CLOADM
routine can be fooled into returning to a
different address. This is done in one of
two ways.

If you have an assembler , assemble to
the addresses from the end of your
routine through $7FFD with the sym-
metric EXEC address of the machine-
language routine. I use $7E7E as an
EXEC address.

Some processors may have problems

NAM

4 0KB ASIC

ORG

$7E50

HAP0

EQU

Sffde

MAPI

EQO

$FFDF

BANNER

FCC

8, COLOR CO

FCC

6,MPUTER

FCB

$0D

FCC

8, CUSTOM 4

FCC

8,0K BASIC

FCC

4, 1.1

FCB

$0D

FCB

$00

ORG

$7E7E

START

ORCC

#$50

INHIBIT INTERRUPTS

LDX

#$8000

ENTER 64K ROUTINE

LOOP

LDA

0,X

STA

MAPI

STA

0,X+

STA

MAP0

CMPX

«$FF00

BLT

LOOP

STA

MAPI

LDA

♦ $7E

SKIP SAM

STA

$A051

LDD

*$A072

STD

$A052

LDD

«$8E9F

SKIP MEMORY CHECK

STD

$A084

LDD

♦$FE7E

STD

$A086

LDD

*$A093

STD

?A068

CLR

$8000

INHIBIT EXT BASIC

CLR

$71

FORCE HARD START

LDX

tBANNER

NEW HEADING ROUTINE

LDY

«$A147

LDA

#$25

LOOP 2

LDB

0,X+

STB

0,Y+

DECA

BNE

L00P2

ANDC

#$AF

RESTORE INTERRUPTS

JMP

$A027

GO TO BASIC

END

START

Program Listing I

with this. For example, SDS80C also
takes the starting address of available
RAM from the stack. Normally, this is
$0600, so an auto-start 40K Basic start-
ing at $7E7E sacrifices a large chunk of
SSSOC's buffer. In the case of SDS80C,
my auto-start routine executes from
$0606, losing only sbc bytes. (Note that I
am referring to the EXEC address and
not the starting address — they are not
necessarily the same.)

If you do not have an assembler but
do have a processor with its own
CSAVEM routine (CBUG is one), the
following procedure also works; While
in 40K Custom Color Basic, load your
machine-language tape. Then POKE
the addresses from the end of your
routine to $7FFD with your symmetric
EXEC address. Finally, save the whole
thing to tape.

Machine-Language Advice

If a machine-language program
would be enhanced with additional free
RAM, don't use Basic ROM routines in
your code. To keep owners of 64K
machines happy, make your programs
relocatable or write them so that they
are out of the way of contiguous free
RAM. If your routines can write over
Basic, Extended Basic, and Disk Basic,
this frees up almost 32K of contiguous
RAM. Don't sacrifice this RAM for the
convenience of using a routine in
ROM.H

Richard Esposilo can be reached at
the University of Baltimore, Baltimore,
MD 21201.

Ralph Ramhoff can be reached at
5015-1 Green Mountain Circle, Colom-
bifl, MD 21044.

Raymond Rowe can be reached at
6536 Woodbridge Circle, Catonsville,
MD 21228.

FOR I

>&H7E50 TO &a7ECB

READ A$

POKE

I,VAL(

■&B

■+A$)

DATA

»3,4F,

4C,

4F,52,

20,

43,

DATA

4D,50,

55,

54,45,

52,

0D,

DATA

55,53,

54,

4F,4D,

20,

34,

DATA

4B,20,

42,

41,53,

49,

43,

DATA

31, 2E,

31,

0D,00,

S0,

64,

100

DATA

70,78

,78

,00,60

,43

,1A

,50

110

DATA

8E,80

,00

,A6,84

,B7

,FF

,DF

120

DATA

A7,80

,B7

,FF,DE

,80

,FF

,00

130

DATA

2D,F1

,B7

,FP,DF

,86

,7E

,B7

140

DATA

A0,51

,CC

,A0,72

,PD

,A0

,52

150

DATA

CC,8E

,9F

,FD,A0

,84

,cc

,FE

160

DATA

7E,FD

,A0

,86,CC

,A0

,93

,FD

170

DATA

A0r88

,7F

,80,00

,0F

,71

,8E

180

DATA

7E,50

,10

,8E,Al

,47

,86

,25

190

DATA

£6,80

rE7

,A0,4A

,26

,F9

,1C

200

DATA

AF,7E

rA0

,27

Program Listing 2

214 • 80 Micro, May 1983

DBpf SCM

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SMMIul PKkaffa tot MtcfDOMnpiMn U

Descriptive atatislics, regression, mutli-lioeai legiessKin, non-lineai regtessio", ithjH '-non-1 inea' regression.

one way ANOVA wlh posl noc. iwo way AWDVA wilti post rxx XY otots "ustogtamsro* cnals. one way I'eqiiency

analysis. FILETRAN and EDIT emended iiie u1il't>es (12 Piograms)

The most IMtiitM ar>d inlormatna statistical pacliage Ic microcomputers, and ttie only one witti re^psssion to

an aftMrary tunctfcon

XTABS 1.0

SPHZ2

S11B.K

NHNMrieal Pacfcaga taf mc ro c omp w lan 1J) Function manipulation/evaluation, spline inlerpotation, NPM 1.0
simultanttous I in«ai equations, simultariaous non limar aquations integration of taOles or lunction. all roots or fug gj

potyriomiais. XY clots. 3 metrvids <oi lysiami ol dillereniial equations (9 Programs!

UacTiine lar^guage lull Screen editing ano machine language iterative (unclion evaluation - ---- -

means you II n«vei have to EDIT a program lo solve a
: ■ ■ probtemi Functions may De nested 9 deep and stored

,'".,—; ,',."". as disk files The latest in mathematical sotlware

'■:, nuiuTH uimy tmk

. ', . , /. Unparae functions, ptol. lloMing point output.

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viam mstocM

FJMI9I CMB I I EV EMTE
MD B TH FIX IMS. UUS

• 1 V . •^:

KB tl.NIIULDC

njs *3,N n> c.o.ii.

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34i EOSTON TURNPIKE

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S©LP7^W[fi«

PACKER Machine language program fhal edits all 0( pan
ot your Basic program lo run lasler save metnory or
ease etSitmg The 5 options include UNPACK— unpacks
multiple 5iaiemeni lines mlo single slalemenis
mamlaining logic inserts spaces and renumtKis lines
SHORT— fleleiBS unnecessary motds spaces and REM
siatemenis PACK— packs lines into maximum multiple
statement lines including a<l branches MOVE— moves
line 01 Diocks of lines to any nei* location on program On
2 cassettes lor ISK 32K & 48K

For THS-flO Moo I or III Level II or Disk Basic S29 95
SYSTEM TAPE DUPLICATOR Copy youi SYSTEM format
tapes Includes venly routines The Mode' ill version
allows use ol Doth 500 and 1500 baud cassettes speeds
For TRS-80 Model I or III Level If S15 95

CASSETTE LABEL MAKER A mini word processor (o pnnt
cassette labels on a line printer Includes 50 peel - and -
sticii iat>eis on uaLtor leed paper

For TH-eO Model I ol ill Level II & Printer . S1796

PRINT TO LPRINT TO PRINT Edits your Basic program m
seconds lo change all Pnnls to LPimls lexcepl PrinliS or
Piinim ot LPrims to Prints Save edited veisiO"
For TR-80 Model I or III Level II S12 95

FAST SORT ROUrtNES lor use with Radio Snacks
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SECONDS' You II be ama/eO at the time they can save
Supplied on flaia diskette with complete instructions
FAST SORT lor Accounts Receivable S19 95

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ALL THREE ROUTINES S44 95

Prices subjecl to change without nolice Call ot wtrlelor a
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only Kansas residents add 2\ sales !a>
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COIIAGF SOFTWARE

614 N HARDING

WICHITA KANSAS 67208

^187

TRS-SO IS a Itademark ol Tandy CoiDOration

TRS-80 Model I is alive and well at the Micromint.
We still have the expansion interfaces you needl

Disk-80
Expansion Interface

A* Iwturad IT Ciarcia ■ C"c>«ii C«ii«f

■fM ttuQutK*. M«c^ iidi

■•*ttw«il In Mwcti U aOMk:roaofii|Hit»nfi

OSKOI

OSKOZ

oitfi-00 CuflwiMii minm

wi»32kMMA&T

Dbk W Equnstan intorbCfl

Nttfi 3?t( HAU & Vi.tttf ?m

DSK03 Di$M-80 CormMl* )(li IK*
3?k (UM & ^Mer Pen

06K04 [kitc-ao BiTi Piinitf
Circu«BBIi«. . .

DSKO& Pim«/Power SupDtr
CircHlBDira. . .

SM.M

3M00
275. M

IfiN

The DiBK'SO Expersior InHHiace It trw
p«rf«CI ptrtptwral tor COnvertifiQ your TRS-aO
Model I into* protMtiorWkl carnpuUr ftysiem
Jy^t Di»K-BO cofilf^t up to louf 3fi to 77 track
iHlisK drives and contains • hardware oaia
;^vator wD'ch subatanttaliy incraaaas ItM
habtiliy ot data iranalerft Altactwa lo ttia
PUttayboafd connector and cornea compteie
.V \r\ mini-dlfth controlter. 32K eKparaior
memory, power supply ofltionai Cetitronlos
compatible printer pon, real tirne ciocfc and
butted bus aKf>ar>iion conrwctor

-ntwM»ing Disk-90 1$ simost incongruooa
Iwcai/sa any commwnta can be summartTed
nr'ffi me »0ntwrtco. "H nornt ' Dennii Batttofy
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sei WINow Avenue
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Comm-SO

AatosiuMdinC'WCMi'. • - «

The COMM-eo tt tht onhi Intetfaoe you
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time sharing larmvial wtth provisions (or a
printer- The COMWSO combines the rnost
used features ot the AS expansion inter-
lace In a low co«i unit containing a built-in
R&-232-C tntaiteca, a full e-Wt pwaitol port
and a 40 pin biiS connector for future
eMpanition. Tarmlrwl software is included
ai no extra cost.

• RS-?32C Serai euvut|w1[50-l«2n)&aM]|
«llfi wnoaid 092b amector

• Ce'*enic$c«nipstl>iap'rai«<pririMp0fi(34

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I'QwttrfaceUT. . . . SIMN

Tns 00 '9* nadORiwii of TandyCwp.

'5m List at Afivartlseri on Pag* 371

80 Micro, May 1983 •215

Aerocomp's
Proven
Best-By Test!
The

i »

Double Density Controller

ir Technical Superiority

At last! A double densitv controller for Model I with HIGHER PROBABILIPr' OF DATA RECOVERY THAN WITH ANY OTHER
DOUBLE DENSITY CONTROLLER ON THE MARKET TODAY! The ■DDC from Aerocomp. No need to worry about the pro-
blems that keep cropping up on existing products. AEROCOMP'S new analog design phase lock loop data separator
has a wider capture window than the digital types currently on the market. This allows high resolution data center-
ing. The finest resolution available with digital circuitry is 125 ns (nano seconds). The ' DDC " analog circuit allows in-
finately variable tuning. Attack and settling times are optimum for 5-1 /4 Inch diskettes.
The units presently on the market use a write precompensation circuit that is very 'sloppy". Board to board
tolerance is extremely wide - in the order of + lOO ns. The "DDC is accurate to wlthin+ 20 ns.
The bottom line is state of the art reliaOilitv!

• Test Proven

Tests were conducted on aerocomps "DDC", Percom's Doubter A'" and Doubler II"' and LNWs LNDoubier"** using
a Radio Shack trssO' • * Model 1, Level 2, 48 K with TRS80 Expansion interface and a Percom tfdiOO ' disk drive
(Siemens Model 82). Diskette was Memorex 5401. The test diskette chosen was a well used piece of media to deter-
mine performance under adverse conditions. The various double density adapters were installed sequentially in the
expansion Interface.

The test consisted of formatting 40 tracks on the diskette and writing a 6DB6 data pattern on all tracks. The 6DB6
pattern was chosen because it is recommended as a "worst case" test by manufacturers of drives and diskettes. An
attempt was then made to read each sector on the disk once ■ no retrys. Operating system was Newdos/80, version
1.0, with Double Zap, version 2.0. Unreadable sectors were totalled and recorded. The test was run ten times with
each double densitv controller and the data averaged. Test results are shown in the table.

• Features

• TEST RESULTS •

TRS80 Model I owners who are ready for reliable double
densitv operation will get (I) 80% more storage per
diskette, (2) single and double density data separation
with far fewer disk I/O errors, (3) single density com-
patibility and 14) simple plug-in Installation, compatible
with all existing double density software.

• value $139.95

for the Best DD ControHer on the market.

UFR & PRODUCT

SECTORS LOCKED OUTiAVCi

AEROCOMP "DDC"

PERCOM DOUBLER II"

PERCOM "DOUBLER A"

250

LNW LNDOUBLER"

202

SPRING SPECIAL

"DDC" and LDOS

$189.95

fKM: test r«5u(ts avsliMHe upon written regusst All tests conducted odor to 8-25-81

Aerocomp's ifl day money Dack guarantee applies to hardware only

Specials will be prorated. Shipping S2.D0 in cont. us. See opposite page for details.

$1 69.95 for "DDC" with DOSPLUS 3.30

Data separators

The advances that make the ■DDC" great are incorporated in the new AEROCOMP Single Density Data separator ( 'SDS")
and Double Densitv Data Separator ("DDS").

• Has your original manufac-
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If you alrsady own a Percom "Doubtsr A", "Doublar 11" or LNW
"LNDoublar" or Sup^rbrain. tha AEROCOMP "DOS" will maka It right.
Look at tha last raautts:

MFR. & PRODUa

SECTORS LOCKED OUT |

WITHOUT "DDS"

WITH 'DDS'

PEIKOM DOUBLER II '

PERCOM "DOUBLER A "

2S0

LNW INDOUBLER"

202

• "DDS" $49.95

ruse 1791 cnip from vpur DD Con-
trollen

if DDS with disk controlter

chip Included v ' v.93

• Disk controller

chip $34,95

(Shipping $2.00 Cont US - see oppostta
page for detansl

Plugs directly Into your existing

Notr. same test procedures as ooc
* TixMiiurIt of Percom Data co.

"-'^S^^r'^corporaaon Double Denslty Controller.

Do you need a
single Density Data
separator?

The Internal data separator In tne
W01771 cnip (R/s Expansion intertacei
is NOT recommended Dv WD for
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of these problems- Lost data, tracks
locKed out, CPC errors, disk retry? YOU
NEED ONE!

• "SDS" $29.95

(For MKXL 1; SMpp^ S2.00I

see opposite
pagemM^

216 • 80 Micro, May 1983

^ DISK DRIVES

40 & 80 TRACK

SINGLE & DOUBLE SIDED

$169

as low as

PACESETTERS »

Aerocomp leads the way to the BEST value in
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AEROCOMP

BEST FEATURES

-k Fast 5 ms. track-track access
-k Single or double density

• Easy entry doa

• "Flippy" feature altows read-write to the
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• Disk ejector (MPI)

• External drive cable connection

(no need to remove the cover to hook up
the cable)

NEW!

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Complete with power supply & enclosure.

• Two 40 track SS $389

• Two 40 track Dual Head .... $539

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COMPLETE DRIVES

TRS80 Mod I 4 HI, IBM PC & TI 99/4A Power
sipply & enclosure, MPI or TarKJon 5.25 la

• 40 track single side $199

• 40 track SS "■Flippy" $219

* 40 track Dual Head $279

• 80 track SS S299

* 80 track SS "Fiipp/' $319

• 80 track Dual Head $379

* APPLE compatit)ie w/caWe (Stxjgart). . $279

* APPLE compalitjie disk controller. $89

BARE DRIVES

tntemal dnves for TRS80 Mod ill, IBM PC. TI
99/4A. 5.25 ia (controller required)

• 40 track Single Side S169

• 40 track Dual Head $249

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• 80 track Dual Head $339

(add $20 for "Flippy" moditication)

• 8 incti Single Side Thinline $399

• 8 inch Dual Head Thinline $499

MODEL III DRIVES

Convert your cassette Mod 111 to disk. Complete
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• Drive Kct Only (no drrves) $199

• One Drive System Kit $399

• Two Drive System Kit $569

MODEL I STARTER PACKAGE

One 40 track SS drive, 2-drive cable,
TRSDOS 23 disk & manual, freight &
insurance.

$249

MISCELLANEOUS GOODIES

• TRSDOS 2.3 disk & manual $20

• LDOS(Mod I or III) $119

• NEWDOS/80, 2.0 (Mod I or 111) $129

• DOSPLUS3.5 $129

• Diskettes (10 in library box) $23

• MX80 ribbons $9

•k 5.25" Drive Power Supply & case $59

• 2-DnveCabte $24

• 4-Orive Cable $34

• Extender Cable $13

FREE TRIAL OFFER

Use your AEROCOMP drive fa up to 1 4 days If you
are not satisfied for ANY REASON (except misuse
or improper handling), return in the original shipping
container for a full purchase price refund Applies to
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We have confidence in our products and we know
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WARRANTY

We offer a six months waranty on parts and labor
against defects in materials and workmanship. In
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ORDER NOW!

Order by mail or call TOLL FREE TO THE
NUMBERS BELOW Please note toll free lines will
arcept orders only We accept VISA or MASTER-
CARD. Be sure to include card number and expiration
date We witi not charge your card until the day we
ship Order by mail with credit card or send check or
money order Rease allow 2 weeks for pwsonal
checks to clear our bank. Order COD. No d^it
required but alt COO's will arrive cash certified
check or money order only. We'll send a card
showing the exact COD amount before your
shipment arrives Shipping is not included in the
prices shown. Texas resklents add 5% sales tax.
NEXT DAY SHIPMENT on all in stock items

CALL TOLL FREE FOR FAST SERVICE
(800) 824-7888, OPERATOR 24

FCM VltA/MASTfBCHAKkl/C.O.D. OMOfH

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Dealer inquirlas Invtted

Redbird Airport, Bidg. 8

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^See List ot Advertisers on Pag* 37i

80 Micro. May 1983 • 217

GRAPHICS

'«)

LOAD 80

Learn to use dot-addressable graphics.

The Printer as a Paintbrush
Parti

Mike Keller

13423 Desert Hilts NE

Albuquerque. NM 87111

Dot-addressable graphics are common-
place on new dot-matrix printers. When
you see an ad for a printer with a sample
printout that looks almost like a photo-
graph, you are looking at what dot-address-
able graphics can do. Unfortunately, results
like those in the ads generally require sev-
eral thousand dollars of digitizing hard-
ware; the alternative, digitizing by hand,
seems a monumental task. For those of us
who can't afford special equipment but
would like to draw with a printer, I have
devised some aids to make the manual pro-
cess easier.
This month I wiil cover some techniques

The Key Box

Modell
32KRAM
1 Disk Drive
Dot>mBtrix printer with
dot-addressable graphics

for converting simple black and white block
characters and tine drawings into printed
images like those in Fig. 5. In Part II I'll
describe a method for digitizing a photo-
graph. You don't need any artistic talent;
only the ability to distinguish various levels
of shading. Part II will also contain a short
Basic program that prints the TRS-80's 6144
screen pixels as single dots on paper,
creating a mini screen-print.

System Requirements

To reproduce the accompanying print-
outs, you need a printer with dot-address-
able graphics. If you have been reluctant to
try this feature because of its complexity,
don't worry— we will tackle it one step at a
time. Your printer must be capable of print-
ing at least eight dots at a time in a single
vertical column in order to use most of the
routines shown here.

These routines were all written in Disk
Basic on a Model I, and versions of each

Top of Print Head

-1Z8

' 64

- 32

NECB023A B

- le Epson MX-80

pin values 16

8 pin values

12S

■ not used

Botlor

n of Print HaaO

Fig. 1. Print hea

dpin values in graphics

mode.

listing are shown for two popular printers.
The routines should work on a Model III, but
they have not been tested for that. Model III
owners will have to replace POKE state-
ments with OUT statements.

The digitizing process will go much more
smoothly if your TRS-80 has the following
utilities:

• Repeating keys

e An audible "beep" or "click " as a key is

pressed

eThe ability to duplicate a line of Basic

elsewhere in the program.
You also need semi-transparent paper (trac-
ing paper is ideal), and you should be com-
fortable with Basic.

Terminology

I have been casually tossing around a
couple of terms that should be clarified
before we go on. Digitizing, as we use it
here, is the process of converting a visual

NEC 8023A

1 1 2

2 2 5

8 B 5

Mx-eo

Fig. 2. Decimal codes to print a
backwards "L".

218 • 80 Micro, May 1983

image Into a set of numbers that the com-
puter can use to reconstruct that image (or
some representation of it). Sophisticated
digitizing equipment is capable of elec-
tronicaily scanning an image af>d generat-
ing its own data. We poor follts have to scan
the image and generate the data manually.
In both cases, the process is essentially the
same; the cheap way just takes longer.

Here's how it works: First, the image is
divided Into small blocks, each having
distinct X and Y coordinates. Each block is
then "digitized," or assigned a value that

TO GRAPH A 4 INCH IMAGE ON THE NEC 8023
PRINTER. USE LINE SPACING OF 1ZQn44ths INCH
EACH BLOCK'S WIDTH SHOULD BE;

113 DOTS IN PnOPORrNL(HS$=PT
or 11.3DOTS IN COMPRESSED (HS$ = -0']
or U) DOTS IN ELITE (HSS > 'E^
or 6.7 DOTS IN PICA (HSl = 'NT

TO GRAPH A * INCH IMAGE ON THE MX-80 PRINT-
ER, USE LINE SPACING OF 1KV2161hs INCH
EACH BLOCK'S WIDTH SHOULD BE:

5J) DOTS IN 480 MOOE (HSS = 'Kt
or 100 DOTS IN 960 litODE (HSS = L)

Fig. 3. Sample printout from Listing 3.

tells the computer whether that block is
filled or empty. Take, for example, the char-
acter in Photo 2. Starting at the top left
block and working to the right, the first 2
blocks are white (off), the next 25 blocks are
dark (on), and the remaining blocks in the
top row are white (off). This pattern could be
represented as a Basic string "001 11111111
1111111111111111000000000". We have
Just digitized the top row of the image by ex-
pressing that row's visual Information in a
numerical form. This same process can be
applied to more complex images.

The term dot-addressable, as it applies to
printers, simply means that each pin of the
print t>ead can te individually controlled to
either strike or not strike the ribbon at a
given carriage position. The typical dot-
matrix print head has nine (or seven) pins ar-
ranged in a vertical column. These pins are
represented by the circles shown in Fig. 1.
When printing normal characters, each pin
is controlled by the printer's internal pro-
gramming as the print head moves across
the page. When using dot image graphics,
the programmer must specify which pins
are to strike for each possible dot position
along the print head's path. With this kind

450

■DATA LINES CAN BE ADDED HERE OR MERGED FROM ANOTHER FILE.

1000

DATA FOR LETTER "T"

1W1
1X2
1003
10O4
100S
1006
1M7

DATA-
DATA"
DATA-
DATA"
DATA"
DATA-
DATA"

hmBAKKBAaAABmBKAaaaammrnKKi

MulLlLtLffLltLtjr f iLlLlulLlLirLTLffLTLlLf JIlIlIlTuI

rt»«»«ittiiiii«««ititiiiii

fjlLtLlLlliLfLijf JT lLtulLtLl.lllLiLMululul**j(

..................>>>....,

••

1008

DATA-

1009

DATA"

1010

DATA-

1011

DATA"

■

1012

DATA"

1013

DATA""

1014

DATA"

1015

DATA""

■

1016

DATA"

5000

DATA"

DONE"

Fig. 4. LLIST with small line spacing.

10
20

30
40
50

■SENDS A BACKWARDS "L" TO PRIHTER WITH LPRINT

BL5-CHR5(128)+CHRS(128)+CHRS(12a)+CHR$(255) 'BACKWARDS "L"
LPRINT CHRS(27)+"T14" 'SELECT 14/144tha INCH LINE SPACING

LPRIHT CHR$(27) ;"S"j 'SELECT DOT-GRAPHICS MODE

LPRINT"B004''; '4 GRAPHICS BYTES WILL FOLLOW

80
90

LPRINT BL$j 'SEND THE 4 BYTES
END

Program Listing la

10 'LISTING lb •*•****• FOR HX-80 PRINTER ••••*•**
20 'SENDS A BACKWARDS 'L' TO PRINTER WITH LPRINT
30 '

40 BL$-CHR$(1)+CHR$(1]+CHR$(1}-K:HR$(255] 'BACKWARDS 'L"
50 LPRINT CHR$(27) +'A"-K:hR$(7) 'SELECT 7/72ndB LINE SPACING
fi0 LPRINT CHRS(27) j'K'i 'SELECT 480 DOT-GRAPHICS MODE
70 LPRINT CHR$(4]-t-CHR$(255] ; '4 GRAPHICS BYTES WILL FOLLOW
80 LPRINT BL$; 'SEND THE 4 BYTES

90 END

Program Listing lb

of control, you can put a dot at virtually any
point on a page.

Arllttk: Prinlars

From here on, we'll confirw our discus-
sion to two specific printers with dot-ad-
dressable graphics: the NEC 8023 and the
Epson MX-80 with Graftrax 80 installed (all
routines written for the NEC printer should
work unmodified on the C.ITOH 8510 and
the ADS 8001). If you are using the NEC, set-
ting the DIP switch to unidirectional print
will produce better graphics.

Both printers use the upper eight pins of
the print head in the graphics mode. When
programming for dot graphics, these eight
pins are treated exactly as an 8-bit binary
number, or byte. Figure 1 shows an impor-
tant difference between the two printers in
this respect. On the 8023, the top pin of the
print head is equivalent to bit zero of a
binary number. That is, it has a value of one.
The MX-80's pins are treated In the reverse
by the programn>er. Its top pin is equivalent
to bit seven and has a value of 128. If you are
not familiar with binary numbering, just
refer to tt>e figure to find the value for each
pin that you want to strike. Tt^e sum of these
values is the byte you will send to the printer
to draw that pattern of dots. For example, if
you want to produce a short vertical line by
striking the upper three pins, you will send a
decimal seven to the NEC (one plus two
plus four), or a decimal 224 to the MX-80 (32
plus 64 plus 128). The programs account for

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-See List at Advertisers on Page 371

80 Micro. May 1983 • 219

this and other differences t}etween the two
printers. When keying in the listings, be
especially careful to Include trailing semi-
colons where they are shown in LPRINT
statements. Save each listing after you

enter It, since most are used more than
once.

A Byte-sized Letter

Now let's paint our first creation— a

'LISTING 2a *••***•
'SENDS A BACKWARDS "L"

FOR NEC 8023
TO PRINTER BY

POKElng

LPRINT CHR5(27) i"S")

•SELECT DOT-GRAPHICS HODE |

LPRINT''0004";

'4 GRAPHICS

BYTES WILL

FOR X-1 TO 4i READ BYTE

IF PEEK(I4312) <> 63

THEN 70 ELSE

POKE 14312

rBYTB

NEXT X

DATA 128,120,128,255

100 END

Progra

m Listing 2a

'LISTING 2b *

'SENDS

A BACKWARDS "L" TO PRINTER BY POKEing

LPRINT

CHR$(27)i

"K-;

SELECT 480 DOT-GRAPHICS

HODE

LPRINT

CHR$C4)+CHRS(255);

4 GRAPHICS BYTES WILL FOLLOW |

FOR X-1 TO 4: READ BYTE

IF PEEK(14312)

<> 63 THEN

70 ELSE POKE 14312, BYTE

NEXT X

DATA 1

1,1,255

100 END

Program Listing 2b

10 'LISTING 3 CALCULATES SPACING OPTIONS FOR GENERATING A

20 'SCALED GRAPH. THE GRAPH CAN THEN BE USED TO DIGITIZE A

30 'MINIATURE VERSION OF ANY BLOCK LETTER OR LINE DRAWING.

40 'PRINTED IHAGE WILL BE SCALED DOWN TO A HEIGHT OF 2/3 INCH.

50 'ORIGINAL IMAGE CAN BE ANY SIZE UP TO 8 INCHES.

60 CLS

70 PRINT! INPUT-ENTER HEIGHT OP THE ORIGINAL IMAGE (INCHES) "(H

80 ............... CALCULATIONS FOR NEC 8023 "—"———"-

90 LPRINT'TO GRAPH A";Hi"INCH IMAGE OH THE NEC 8023 PRINTER,"

100 LPRINT USING'USE LINE SPACING OF tl.«/144ths INCH" jH/4e*144

110 LPRINT"EACH BLOCK'S WIDTH SHOULD BE:"

120 LPRINT USING" #«.» DOTS IN PROPORT'NL (HSS-' P' ) " ;H/48*160

130 LPRINT USING"oE **.« DOTS IN COMPRESSED (HS$-' Q' ) " iH/48*136

140 LPRINT USING'or II. I DOTS IN ELITE (HS$-' E< ] " f H/48*96

150 LPRINT USING'or It. I DOTS IN PICA (HSS-' N' } " iH/4B*80

160 LPRINT

170 <ci=.o........— CALCULATIONS FOR MX-80 -=-">.=-""———

180 LPRINT"TO GRAPH A"|Hj"INCH IMAGE ON THE MX-8B PRINTER,"
190 LPRINT USING"USE LINE SPACING OF »l.l/216th8 INCH" J H/48*216
200 LPRINT"EACH BLOCK'S WIDTH SHOULD BE:"

210 LPRINT USING" II. I DOTS IN 480 HODE (BSS-' K' ) " |H/4B*60

220 LPRINT USING"or II. I DOTS IN 960 HODE (HS$»' L ' ) " iH/48*120
23 B END

Program Listing 3

backwards "L" (It'll come In handy later).
Suppose we want the "L" to be eight dots
tail, and four dots wide, as illustrated in Fig.
2. On the NEC printer, we would send four
bytes 128,128,128,255; on the Epson we
would send 1,1,1,255. Program Listings la
and Ibprovideamethod tor sending this in-
formation to the printer. Try the appropriate
version for your printer and take a look at
the results. It may not be a masterpiece, but
it's certainly a character not In the printer's
normal character set. The vertical part of
the "L" was sent as a value of 255 (1 plus 2
plus 4 plus 8 plus 16 plus 32 plus 64 plus
128) tjecause we wanted all eight pins to
strike at that point.

In the above example, we sent the four
bytes of data to the printer by printing them
as a string. This is fast and neat, and lets
Basic check the printer's status before
sending each of the four bytes. We can't
use LPRINT in every case, though. It turns
out the LPRINT command is snoopy enough
to examine each byte before sending it to
the printer, and certain values (specifically
zero, 10, 11 and 12) will never get there. We
need a more reliable (if slower) method of
outputting most graphics data. On the
Model I, we can POKE the data to the
printer's address, and on the Model III, the
OUT statement can be used.

The first few times i tried the POKE ap-
proach, some very strange and unexpected
patterns were printed. It finally dawned on
me that a POKE statement doesn't check to
see if the printer is ready for each byte. The
following line takes care of this problem:

XXX IF PEEK(14312<>63 THEN XXX ELSE POKE 14312.BYTE

14312 is the address of the printer on a
Model I, and will contain a decimal 63 if the
printer is ready to accept the next byte of
data. Remember, LPRINT does this status
check for you, but you will have to do it your-
self when POKEing a series of data bytes to
the printer. Program Listings 2a and 2b
show how to send the backwards "L" on the
Model I using the POKE method. Because
of its greater speed, we will be using
LPRINT whenever possible.

Graphic Demonstration

Ready for fancier things? Add these lines
to your printer's version of Listing 1 and
Run it.

5B FOR ROW = 1 TO 3

59 FORBLOK = 1TO20

81 NEXT BLOK: LPRtNT

82 NEXT ROW

There. You have a graph made of backward
L's. Such a graph will make it easier to
digitize an image for reproduction on the
printer. We have to get into a few more
numtiers here, so bear with me. It won't be
too painful.

We will define a graph to fit an already ex-
isting Image. Then we'll print this graph on a
sheet of trace paper, and use It as a guide
during the digitizing process. The digital In-
formation will be entered into a series of
Basic data statements. Finally, we'll read

220 • 80 Micro, May 1983

A critic called my accounting systems
"very impressive" and "very reasonable.'

That was before I cut the price.

I'm Irwin Taranto, and my programs impressed a
lot of people. I sold enough to pay off all my
development costs.
So I cut the price 25% on some, 50% on the rest.

Now my Model I and Model in systems cost
$75 each:

Accounts Payable

Accounts Receivable

General Ledger

Inventory Control

Invoicing

Payroll
And my Model 11/16 TRSDOS systems cost
from $150 to $200:

General Ledger

Acounts Payable/Purchase Order

"Michael Tannenbaum, the "80 Accountant"

Accounts Receivable, Open Item or
Balance Forward
Payroll/Job Costing
Inventory Control

Even at the new price, I stUl provide what could
well be the best support in the microcomputer
industry. If you have a problem, call us and we'll
fix it. Even if I have to do it myself, personeilly,
right there on the phone.

Considering what you get in these systems,
I probably could have raised the prices.

But that wouldn't have been nearly as impressive.

Taranto

& ASSOCIATES, INC.

Post Office Box 6216, 121 Paul Drive, San Rafael. CA 94903, (415) 472-2670

'S«« List ol Advertisers on Page 371

Model D Systepu are available in CP/M as well as TRSDOS ai an additional con CP/M u a
tndeoiBik ol Digilal RMeaich Corpoiation TRSDOS is a tradsmaik of ths Tkndy Corpontion

80 Micro. May 1983 ' 221

the data and recreate on the printer a
scaled^Jown copy of the original image,
with each "on" block of the graph repre-
sented by a corresponding dot on ttw paper.

Setting the Stage

First we need to decide on a height for
the final printed image. As an example, I
have selected 2/3 inch. On both printers, the
print head pins are spaced 1/72 of an inch
apart. Two-thirds of 72 is 48, so a 2/3 inch
image is 48 dots tali. Since eight pins are
available during the printing of each line,
the final image requires six lines of print.

The height of 48 dots allows us to display
ths ItlMQ* on the TRS-80 screen during the
lne»l trt )le touch-up process, saving lots of
paper and some wear on the printer.

Now we need a scaling factor for drawing
the graph. This will allow flexibility in our
selection of an original Image for reproduc-
tion on the printer. Our printout will always
be 2/3 Inch tall, regardless of the size of the
original, because the graph Itself will be
automatically scaled up to match the origi-
nal. For a relatively large original the blocks
will tw large, and tor a small original the
blocks will be smaller. It's a lot easier than
tryir>g to scale down the printed image after
It has been digitized.

Program Listing 3 takes care of this scal-
ing for you. When you run the program, you
are asked the height, in inches, of the
original Image. The program then shows

various options for printing the graph. It
tells you what line spacing to use, and how
many dots wide the backward L's should be
for each of your printer's horizontal dot-
spacing possibilities. These two things
determine the size of ttw blocks that will
make up the graph.

If some of ttwse concepts are a little
fuzzy to you, tiang in there. They will
t)ecome clearer as we make our first printer
drawing.

Selecting an lifwge

For our first drawing, I will be using a

'LISTIHG 4a ******* TOR NEC 8923 PRIHTER ****<
'DRAWS A SCALED GRAPH TO AID IN HANUAL DIGITIZING

IB
28

36 '

41 CLEAR 2lfl:

50 LS-12

HS$-"E"

HD-B

DBPINT A-Z
'USED TO SET NO. OP 144thB INCH LINE SPACING
•USED TO SELECT PRINT STYLE (HORIZ. DOT-SPACING)
'USED TO SET DOT WIDTH OP BACKWARDS "L"

6«

80 •

90 BL$-STRIHG$(ND-1,128)+CHR$(255) 'CREATE THE BACKWARDS L

100 'NEXT LINE BUILDS STRING FOR INITIALIZING GRAPHICS NODE

119 GR$-CHRS<27)+"S"+STRINGS(5-LEN(STRS(HD)) ,"0") +RIGHT$(STRS (NO

) ,LBN(STR$(ND)]-1)

12B 'NEXT LINE BUILDS STRING FOR SETTING PRINTER LINE SPACING

138 LS5-'T'+STRING$(3-LEN(STR$(LS)),"B")+RIGHTS(STRS(LS),LEH(STR

S(LS))-1)

140 '

158 CLSt INPUT'EBADY PRINTER AND PRESS <ENTER> "iA$

'SET LINE SPACING

'SET HORIZONTAL DOT-SPACING

168 LPRINTCHR$(27] |LS$i
170 LPRINT CHR$(27}fH5$|
180 '

190 'PRINT THE GRAPH

200 FOR ROW > 1 TO 49

210 FOR BLOR - 1 TO 48

220 LPRINT GR$i 'SELECT GRAPHICS t SEND BYTE COUNT

230 LPRINT BL$T 'SEND THE BACKWARDS *L"

240 NEXT BLOKi LPRINT

250 NEXT ROW

260 END

Program Listing 4a

PRODUCTS FOR YOUR RADIO SHACK

* .

MACR0-80C

The Micro Works rs pleased to announce the release of its diili-basBd editor.
macro asssmtilBr md mMMtor, wnnen tor Color Computer by Andy Ptieips THIS
IS IT — Trw ultimate programming tool'

The powerlul 2-pa5s macro assembler features conditional assembly, local labels,
include tiles and cross referenced symbol tallies. MACR0-80C supports trte
complete Motorola 6809 instruction set in standard source format. There are no
changes, constraints or shortcuts m the source language detiniiion Incorporating
all of the features of our Rompack- based assembler (S0S80C). MACR0-80C cwi-
tains many more useful instructions and pseudo-ops which atd the programmer
and add power and flexibility

The screen-oriented text editor ts designed tor etticient and easy editing ol
assembly language prograns The HeipKey' feature makes it Simple and fun to
learn to use the editor As :^e eci:o'^ 'equires no line mmibers. you can use the
arrow keys to oositnn :he cursor anywhere in itw file MACRO-SDC allows gk)bai
changes and moving/copying piochs of text You can edit lines at assembly
source which are longer than 32 characters

DCBUG IS a machine language monitor which allows exsnining and altering ol
memory, setting break points, etc

The editor, assembler and monitor — as well as sample programs — come on one
Radio Shack compatible disk Extensive documentatkxi included M«cno80c
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S0S80C — Our famous editor, assembler and monitor in Rompack Complete
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YOU NEED COLOR FORTHII

Why? •Fortti is faster to program in than Basic

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Forth is a highly interactive language like Basic, with structure like Pascal and
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222 • 80 Micro, May 1983

SOFTWARE

for the TRS-80 Model IL

• Portient Data Management System,

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Other programs available upon request.
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THE
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■ See List of Advertisers on Page 371

80 Micro. May 1983 • 223

4-inch block letter "T." The letter 'T' Is par-
ticularly easy to digitize, since It Is made up
of horizontal and vertical edges and most of
the data statements can be duplicates. If
you don't have a "T" handy, sketch one and
follow along, or use any other Image you
like. The original Image should be clear
enough to be easily Identified through a
sheet of tracing paper, and should be at
least 4 inches in height. Don't use an image
larger than 8 Inches, because your square
graph will not fit on a standard sheet of
paper. For this exercise, avoid complex
shapes and Images with a lot of diagonal
lines or curves.

Tailor-made Squares

We are now ready to generate a properly
scaled graph. Run the program in Listing 3
(you can omit the lines that don't apply to
your printer), and answer the height ques-
tion with the measured height of your
image. If you happen to be using a 4-inch
image, you will get the printout shown in Fig.
3. It shows several options for generating a
4-inch square graph on either printer. Circle
any dot width choice that is a whole
number, as we have done in Fig. 3 (you can't
print a backwards "L" that is 6.7 dots wide).
If there are no whole number choices, circle
the one that comes closest and round this
number up to the nearest whole dot. Do the
same with the line spacing numtwr if neces-
sary. Also circle the "HS$ = " character
located next to your dot width choice.
These marked values will be used in the
next listing to ensure a square graph.

Program Listings 4a and 4b are more flex-
ible versions of the graph-drawing program
we experimented with earlier. Key in the ver-
sion appropriate for your printer, and we'll
use the graphing options we, circled to
make It generate the right sized graph. In
line 50, the variable LS is used to set line
spacing; change it to the value you circled.
In line 60, the variable HS$ Is used to set
horizontal dot spacing; change It to the

Photo 1. A partially completed "T".

Program Listing 4b

2E]
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
10f

'DRAWS A SCALED GRAPH TO AID IN MANUAL DIGITIZING

CLEAR 200: DEFINT A-Z

LS-18 'USED TO SET NO. OF 216ths INCH LINE SPACING
HS$""K" 'USED TO SELECT HORIZ. DOT-SPACING (480 OR 960)
ND-5 'USED TO SET DOT WIDTH OF BACKWARDS "L"

BL$-STRINGS(ND-1,
'NEXT FOUR LINES

l)-t-CHRS(255) 'CREATE
SET BYTE COUNT CODES

THE BACKWARDS L
FOR MX-e0

Listing 4b continues

100% RS COM PONENTS, NO FOREIGN DRIVES OR MEMORY - FULL WARRANTY

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^730

224 • 80 Micro, Mav 1983

The choice is yours. . .

FORMAT 1=40.* DATA
BAD PARAMETERCS]

.12/27/82. PASSWORD<ENTER>

FORMAT<ENTER>

Which drive contains the diskette to be formatted ? 1

Name of diskette to be formatted [default "* DATA *"]?

etc....

Our users think you'll pick MUITIDOS.

MULTIDOS's unique features make it MULTI-
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80 Micro. May 1983 • 225

Usling 4b continued

llfl IP ND*48 <" 255 THEN BC-KD*48i BCS-CBRS(255) : GOTO 160

12B IF ND*48 > 767 THEN BC»ND*48-768: BC$-CHR5(3): GOTO 160

130 IF ND*48 > 511 THEN BC«ND*4a-512; BCS-CHRS(2)i GOTO 160

140 IF HD«48 > 255 THEN BC=ND*48-256 t BCS-CHBS(l)i GOTO 160

150 '

160 CLSi INPUT'READY PRINTER AND PRESS <ENTER> ■;AS

170 LPRIHTCHRS(27)+"3"iiPOKE 14312, LS 'SET LINE SPACING

180 '

190 'PRINT THE GRAPH....

200 FOR ROM - 1 TO 49

210 LPRINT CHR$(27)+US$f

220 POKE 14312, BC

230 LPRINT BC$i

241 FOR BLOK II 1 TO 48

2SI LPRIHT BL$i

2€9 NEXT BLOK: LPRIHT

270 NEXT ROW

280 END

'SET HORIZONTAL DOT-SPACING
■SEND THE iBt BYTE COUNT CODE
'SEND THE 2nd COUNT CODE

'SEND THE BACKWARDS "L"

10 "LISTING 5a ••****« FOR NEC 8023 PRINTER •••••**

20 'PROGRAM SHELL TO READ, DISPLAY, AND PRINT A DIGITIZED IMAGE

30 ' H. KELLER ALBUQUERQUE, NM (565) 294-4966

40 '

50 ■-.—»»........>. INITIALIZE =M===.e.„e===-=======M.=

60 CLEAR 200: DEFINT A-Z: PR-14312: DIM A(48,48), BYTE(384)

70 HSS-"N" 'N=PICA, E-ELITE, P-PROPORTIONAL, Q-COHPRESSED

80 'FUNCTION TO CONVERT 8 VERTICAL BLOCKS INTO A DECIMAL BYTE

90 DEF FN Fl(X)-A(ROW,COL}+A(ROW+l,COL)*2+A{ROW+2,COL)*4+A{BOW+3

,COL)*8+A(ROW+4,COL)*16+A(ROW+5,COL)*32+A(ROW+6,COL)*64+A(ROW+7,

C0Ll*128

100 >..... E.........i=.==c,»= DISPLAY RASTER =-===-»==========« = =

110 CLSi PRINT' 0";

126 FORX-1 TO 5i PRINT ' ■( ■+MID$ (STRS (X) , 2 , 1 ) j : NEXT X

130 FOR Y-4 TO 46 STEP 2: SET(B,Y): NEXT Y 'VERT. RASTER
140 '"■"-«■-«-««=« READ AND DISPLAY DATA "-=--;=====..====«- —

150 READ TGS: ND"LEN(TGS): ON ERROR GOTO 210

160 FOR COL-0 TO ND-1 : A(ROW,COL}-fl

170 IF MIDS(TGS,C0L+1,1}-" "THEN 196

180 A(R0W,CQL)-1: SET(COL*2+4 ,R0W+3) i SET(COL*2+5 ,R0W+3}

190 NEXT COL

200 READ TGSi IF TG$-''DONE" THEN 230 ELSE ROW-ROW+l: GOTO 160

210 IF ERL -= 186 THEN RESUME NEXT ELSE STOP

220 '"■——"—« PRINT THE GRAPHIC IMAGE --===»=—._==...==

230 NR-ROW+l: ON ERROR GOTO

240 PRINTe501, "PRINT IT";: INPUT AS

256 'NEXT LINE BUILDS STRING FOR INITIALIZING GRAPHICS MODE

260 GRS»CHBS(27)+"S"+STRINGS{5-LEN(STRS(ND)) , "0") +RIGHTS (STRS (ND

) ,LEN(STR5{ND))-1)

276 LPRINT CHRS (27) +HS5i 'SET HORIZONTAL DOT-SPACING

286 LPRINT CHRS(27)+"T16- 'SET 16/144ths LINE SPACING

290 FOR ROW-0 TO NR-8 STEP 8

300 LPRINT GRS; 'SELECT GRAPHICS & SEND BYTE COUNT

316 FOB COL-0 TO ND-1

320 BN-BN+li BYTE (BN) -FN F1{X) 'CONVERT 8 BLOCKS TO BYTE

330 IF PEEK(PR) <> 63 THEN 330 ELSE POKE PR,BYTE(BN)

346 NEXT COL: LPRINT

350 NEXT ROW

360 •.............._ PRINT DECIMAL DATA "-.-«"=««==-..-.-—

370 INPUT"PRESS <ENTER> TO PRINT THE DECIMAL DATA 'jAS

380 LPRINT CHRS(27)+"A''j 'RESTORE NORMAL LINE SPACING

39B LPRINT CHRS(27)+"Q" 'SELECT COMPRESSED CHARACTERS

400 BN-6

410 FOR LN-1 TO NB/8! LPRINT USING'LINE ♦: "(LN;

420 FOR B-1 TO ND: BN-BN-fl

430 LPRINT USING'III "iBYTE(BN)j

446 NEXT Bi LPRINT

450 NEXT LN

466 'DATA LINES CAN BE ADDED HERE OB MERGED FROM ANOTHER PILE.

5000 DATA'DONE"

Program Listing 5a

10
20
30
40

Program Listirig 5b

'LISTING 5b ***•*••••* FOR MX-8B PRINTER **•*••***••

•PROGRAM SHELL TO READ, DISPLAY, AND PRINT A DIGITIZED IMAGE
' M. KELLER ALBUQUERQUE, N« (5B5) 294-4966

===-^===-======= INITIALIZE -======.

L'Sling 5b continues

Character you circled. Finally, in line 70, the
variable ND determines the width of each
backwards "L" in the graph. Change this to
the number of dots you circled.

Run this modifed version ot Listing 4
using a plain sheet of paper, and examine
the graph. It should be approximately
square, and about the height of your origi-
nal image, if you used a large original, the
individual squares will not be completely
formed, but this is not a problem. Now run
the program once again with a sheet of trac-
ing paper in the printer, then place this
graph over the original image and secure it
with paper clips (see Photo 2) to prevent it
from shifting. You are ready to digitize your
image.

A Program That Draws

There is one more program to l^ey in; List-
ing 5 (a or b). This program, used to produce
the final printout, contains everything nec-
essary for developing, modifying, touch-
ing-up, displaying and printing the image.
The only thing missing is, of course, the
series of data strings at the end which wilt
define your image. Typing these in is the
digitizing process.

In our earlier example of digitizing, I used
zeros and ones to represent the "off" and
"on" squares. Actually, we can use any two
characters, so long as the program knows
how to interpret them. Program 5 treats a
space as "off" and any other character as
"on." The data statements themselves will
take on the appearance of the image, a dis-
tinct advantage If any touchlng-up is neces-
sary. Before adding any data statements to
the program, save it so you can use it as a
shell for other images.

Number your data statements starting
with 1(X)1, and use an increment of one.
This way, each row of the graph will have a
corresponding line number in the program.
For example, row 12 of the graph will be
represented by the data in line 1012. Line
50(X) is a terminating string to tell the pro-
gram there is no further information.

Palettes Ready?

Here's the easiest and fastest way I have
found to build the data statements: With a
pencil pointing to the appropriate square,
press the space bar for each "off" block,
and press the "M" key for each "on" block.
Try to do this without looking at the key-
board, so you won't lose your place on the
graph. (This is where a key "beep" comes in
handy.) When you reach the end of a row in
the graph, start the next data statement. It
will be obvious in some cases that the next
line of data matches the previous line. Re-
peating keys and some kind of line duplicat-
ing utility are worth their weight in postage
stamps here.

The program will assume that the num-
ber of characters you enter into the first
data line are the width of the image, so the
remaining data statements should contain
the same number of characters. Data lines
should be entered in groups of eight, and
you can generate a printout any time after

226 • 80 Micro, May 1983

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«0 Micra May 7d&3 * 227

Listing 5b conlinusd

60 CLEAR 200: DEFZNT A-Z: PR''14312: DIH A{48,48), BYTE(3B4)

7B HS5--K' 'HORIZ. SPACING (USE "K" FOR 480 MODE, "L" FOR 960)

80 'FUNCTION TO CONVERT 6 VERTICAL BLOCKS INTO A DECIMAL BYTE

9fl DEF FN F1(X)-A(ROW+7,COL)+A(ROW+6,COL)*2+A(ROW+5,COL)*4+A(ROW

+4,COL)*8+A(ROW+3,COL}*16+A(ROW+2,COL)*32+A(ROW+1,COL)*6 4+A(ROW,

COL) •128

IBB '«—-—.——«—— DISPLAY RASTER —————""""

IIB CLSj PRINT" 0";

120 FORX-1 TO 5: PRINT " ■) ■+MIDS (STR5 (X) , 2,1) j i NEXT X

13B FOR Y-4 TO 46 STEP 2i SET(0,Y): NEXT Y 'VERT. RASTER

14B ■.•„»..*.««»... READ AND DISPLAY DATA "-""——"——

15B READ TG$: ND-LEN(TG$): ON ERROR GOTO 210

160 FOR COL-0 TO ND-1 : A(ROW,COL)-B

17B IF HID$[TG$,C0L+1,1}-" "THEN 190

1B0 A(ROW,COL)-1: SET(COL*2+4,ROW+3) I SET(COL*2+5 ,R0M+3)

190 NEXT COL

200 READ TG$! IF TGS="DONE" THEN 230 ELSE ROW-ROW+li GOTO 16«

210 IF ERL - 180 THEN RESUME NEXT: ELSE STOP

22e '«...". "=-— PRIMT THE GRAPHIC IMAGE — —==«===-«...=

230 NR«ROW+lt ON ERROR GOTO

240 PRINT«B1," PRINT IT"ii INPUT AS

250 LPRINT CHRS(27}+"A"+CHRS(8) 'SET B/72nd8 LINE SPACING

260 FOR ROW-0 TO NR-8 STEP 8

270 LPRINT CHRS(27)+HSS( 'SET HORIZONTAL DOT-SPACING

280 POKE PR,HD: LPRIKT CHR$(255)i 'SEND BYTE COUNT

290 FOR COL-0 TO HD-1

300 BN-BN+li BYTE(BN)-PN F1(X) 'CONVERT 8 BLOCKS TO BYTE

310 IF PEEK(PR) <> 63 THEN 310 ELSE POKE PR,BYTE(BN]

320 NEXT COLi LPRINT

330 NEXT ROW

340 •-—«—-«-«— PRIST DECIMAL DATA ———.—————

350 INPUT"PRESS <EHTER> TO PRINT THE DECIMAL DATA 'iA$

360 LPRINT CHRS(27)+CHRS(64); 'RESET PRINTER

370 LPRINT CHR$(15) 'SELECT COMPRESSED CHARACTERS

380 BN-0

390 FOR LN-1 TO NR/8: LPRINT USING"LINE I: "iLNj

400 FOR B-1 TO ND: BN-BN+1

410 LPRINT USING"t«# "fBYTE(BN}f

420 NEXT Bi LPRINT

430 NEXT LN

440 'DATA LINES CAN BE ADDED HERE OR MERGED FRCM ANOTHER FILE.

S000 DATA'DONE"

Photo 2. Graphing the tetter "T'

entering the first eight lines. The aspect
ratio (ratio of height to width) of the printed
image wiil depend on the character as-
signed as HS$ In iine 60.

Fine Tuning

Photo 1 shows the screen display after
entering the first 16 lines of data for the
block letter "T." Notice the "Print It?"
prompt on the right side of the screen. If you
want a printout of the Image at this point,
press enter. If you were running the pro-
gram only to inspect the screen display,
press break to stop the program.

As part of the display, there is a raster at
the top of the screen, and a column of refer-
ence blocks along the left side. These aid
you in determining which character of a
data line may need to be changed (sooner or
later you will enter something wrong). Since
the raster uses the top 3 pixels of the
screen, only the first 45 data statements are
displayable below it as graphics.

There is another way to correct errors in
data statements. Simply set your printer's
line spacing to 14/144ths (7/72nds on the
MX-60) and list the data statements. The
small line spacing will compress the lines
together in the listing, as in Fig. 4, and you
will see right away which line contains the
offending character.

Stortng the Image

When you have finished entering the data
lines and are satisfied with the image, save
the data statements as you would save any
Basic program. Whenever you want a print-
out of a stored Image, merge the appro-
priate data file with the shell program and
run it.

The printout includes the decimal values
generated by the program in producing the
Image. To save disk space, you might want
to store these values in a disk file instead of
storing the data lines themselves. Properly
read from the file and sent to the printer,
these decimal values will produce the same
Image.

New Horlzom

Having successfully completed your first
digitizing project, you should now be able to
build your own library of images — even a
whole character set of block letters if you
like that sort of thing. Figure 5 shows some
sample images digitized this way. As you
can see, you don't have to limit your images
to block letters.

Some of the examples are inverse im-
ages. That is, they are drawn as white on a
dark background. This is a good way to see
the orientation of an image within its field.
You don't have to enter a whole new set of
data lines to get this effect. Just change the
" = " sign in line 170 of Listing 5 to "<>".
The image will appear inverted on the
screen as well as on the printout.

Next month we will explore some addi-
tional digitizing techniques. Until then, have
fun with your new electronic paintbrush! ■

Mike Keller is a self employed pilot, writer
and programmer.

228 - 80 Micro, May 1983

DtVELOPMENT HAHDWARE>SOFTWARE
GTEK AAOOEL 7128 EPROM PROGRAMMER

wr M>n»Mnr aMn aa 4»3» Ht>il lM»
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rtMh couia M th« culpftt! FloopltS, pfinMfB,

m«mo(V & proctMOf ofttn (ntirKl' Ouf DtitnuO ISOLATORS

•limlnttt •Qutprwrl lniar«clion AND cuiO Oirrsging Rcmw Lins

Spikae. Surgee and Hash, MOMEY BACK OuARAKTlEI

• ISOLATOR (ISO 1} 3 flltar Isolatad >prono aockvtr IntMral
SurB«Spih« SupprMtlon: 187S W Ma>(mumtn load. 1 KW ktad
any aockat t78 96

• ISOLATOR OSO ?) 2 liuar laoiatw) >fpong tockat banka: |6
Mckalt tolaiK Iniagral SpHtafStirga Suppnaalen; iflTS W Mas
load. 1 KW ailhar bank STS M

• SUPER ISOLATOR PSaS] ttmllai to ISOi awwpt douUe
laolatlon & SupprMatan SniS»&

• SUPER ISOLATOR (IS0 11) almllar to ISO-2 ixcap* teutta
laolathm « SuBsrMaton S115.9$

• MAGNUM tSOUTOft 9SO-M) 4 Quad laolatad fodials: For
ULTRA-SENSITrve Br««Wiia S200 IS

• CinCUrT BREAKER, any modal CA<fcK:B) Add S10 00

• REMOTE SWITCH, any riMdallAdd-RS] . . . Add SI 6 00

AT YOUR
DEALERS

^1S»

MaatorCsrd. Vlaa, Amartoan Exwaaa
ORDER TOLL FREE t«)0-22S4>7S

(axeapl AK. Hi. PR ft Caradtf

/^^ Electronic Specialists, Inc.

in Sotrih Main Sireat, Boi 3M, Nalkk, Maaa. 01760
(817) MS-1532

,-S»a DKW *9i€ni»ers anPafle J7f

MEANS

BUSINESS

TSHARE 2.0 MULTI-USER

SYSTEM
TRS-aO>

Hardwara

and
Software

MODELS I ft

SPECIFICATIONS

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TIMESHAflINQ MODCI

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lUmWT EQUIPMENT

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'Prouhurt/Oime Marnier

PROTIME

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HMSACIChfLE

POSTiiCFU

PRICES

CUSTOMER SERVICE:
(213)649-0369

TBS s: "u y "M't' 5i«ti -iodi' csa

THE FILE CLERK

tut 10 MDSaii ' 1 Hi
SPECIFICATIONS

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aO Micro. May 1983 • 229

BUSINESS

Make it easier to use.

Profile II Modified

John B. Ford

2401 Arlington Blvd.. Apt. 50

Charlottesville, VA 22903

Have you ever wished the
Model II Profile program
would let you select records us-
ing Segments 2, 3, or 4? Or,

worse, have you ever needed to
change records in Profile II by
hand? Here are two routines that
may help. Even if you do not have
Profile II but need help readir>g
disk data files, this article may be
useful.

Making Global Changes

As our example, use the prac-

tice Members file in the Profile II
manual. Set the file up accord-
ing to the instructions. Then,
from the Main Menu select "1"
for Define Data Formats. Type in
the file name Members, choose
Segment 1, and press H for
Hardcopy. Go to the next Seg-
ment and get Hardcopy for that
too. This will give us an easy-to-

Search SeqaenC 2 Data -

- by J.B.Ford

CLEAB600; DEFINT I, J, N

210

INPUT "HHICH CITY ARE 10V

LOOKING FOB-; CYS

220

CLS: PRIST -THESE ABE ftLL

T«E RECORDS IN ■; CYS

210

OPEN "R" , 1,'MEKBEIISO/KEI'

■ OPEN -B-,2,-HENBERS0

DAT-

215

' srart Sub-record Field

Loop

240

FOR J-0 TO 2

250

FIELD 1,(85»J1AS STARTS

,10 AS LNSlJ),ia AS F5U),S

.>™S( Ji

.57

AS YSlJl

260

KEXT J

270

FIELD 2, 25 AS ADS, 15 AS

T¥S, 216 AS XS

280

FOR I-l TO L0F(2)

290

GET 2,1

}00

IF LEFTSlTYS,LE«(ClfS) )-

ZYi THEN GOSUB 400

110

NEXT I

320

CLOSE; PRINT: PHIKT 'ALL

FINISH ED.-

330

END

400

»-IST( f I»I)/3)

410

GETl, N

420

B=( [ n-2)/;i-N)'i *.ooi

Note Round i

q Error

Correc

tion

Herp

410

PRINT I, FSlB); LHSfRl; KM5(R:

440

RETUHN

Program Listing 1

' Global Change Proqrut Eor PROFILE II by J.B.Ford
CLEAR 100: DEFINT I,Ji CLS

INPUT "ENTER A DBCINAL VALUE FOR PERCENTAGE INCREASE (OH DECREASE)* tT
IF ABSIPXl TNEH 60

PRINT-TBIS FIGURE MUST BE A DECIKAL FRACTIOS BETWEEN AND 1": GOTJJO
PRINT: PRIHT-mE CHANGE WILL BE "iP^lOO;-* ACROSS TVE BOARD."
OPEN "H",1,"IIEIIBE»S0/EEY"

FOR I-O TO 2
90 FIELD 1, II»B5) AS STARTS

100 NEXT I
lOS ' Start File-Baading lof>p

110 FOB I-l TO LOFll)
120 GETl, I

Cbanq* each Record in th& Buffe
FOR J-0 TO 2

FIJl-VALlVSlJl)
FIJI-FIJI • lltPl
LSET VSlJl-STBSIFl J))
NEXT J
PUTl.l
190 NEXT I

200 PfllHT "MISSION ACCOMPLISHED"
210 CLOSE: END

17 AS XSdl, 6 AS VS<I),42 AS X1$(I)

125

130
140
150
160
170
180

Program Listing 2

use map of records on the disk.

Profile II puts all Segment 1
data in a file with the extension
/KEY, and all Segment 2 data in
a file with the extension /DAT.
We are not using Segments 3 or
4, but their information would be
in files with extensions /DA2 and
/DA3, respectively. Our file name
is MEMBERS, and as we can
see from the directory, there are
several files with this name. The
purpose of each is described in
the manual.

When you make a selection
(for Inquiry, Printout, or
whatever), the program search-
es through the /KEY file (Seg. 1)
to find a match. If it finds one, it
gets the appropriate data from
tfie other segments and dis-
plays the data as instructed.
Although Profile II cannot, we
humans can search the other
Segments using a Basic pro-
gram and find or change what-
ever we wish.

Using the sample files in the
manual, let's say we need to
charge everyone 10 percent
more in fees next year. Program
Listing 1 straws how such a

The Key Box

Modem

B4KRAM

THSDOS

One Disk Drive

Profile II

230 • 80 Micro. May 1983

Dot Writer Ver. 1.5

FEATURES:

• GEAP CHARACTER FONTS

• CREATE HI-RES DRAWINGS WITH -
OUT TRS-eO MO DIFICA TIONS OR
PROGRAMMING KNOWLEDGE

•CREATE OR MODIFY FONTS

• TRUE PROPORTIONAL LETTER/
LINE SPACING

• PRINT TIME OPTIONS SUCH AS
MAGNIFY, DOT SPACING CON-
TROL, REVERSE CHARACTERS.
UNDERSCORING, TRUE PRO-
PORTIONAL PRINT

•BLOCK GRAPHICS ON R/S LPV A VI.
OKIDATA MICROLINE, EPSON, PRO-
WRrTER. NEC S23A HI-RES GRAPHICS ON
EPSON. PROWRITER, NEC 8023A.

• COMPATIBLE WITH MOST DOS'i

•WORKS WITH MOST WORD
PROCESSORS

• WORKS WITH TRS-80 MODELS1&HI

• SUBSCRIPT, INTERMIX FONTS
AND HI-RES GRAPHICS ON THE
SAME LINE

• EXPANDED PRINT AND MOREI

• USER FRIENDLY

ACTUAL CHARACTER FONTS/SIZE

HBCDEF. flBCDabcE 123456 • RBCD abed 1E3456

I^BE§abii:d|23^i5S-flBCDabcdlB345:;?><-§P]i0i000

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNDP- flBCDEFGHIJKLHN (these are some of the Ft

ADDITIONAL FONTS AVAILABL

"im!i

• mm i22h

ftaCD saLtacri,^23US • ftBCD dbcd 12345 •

60 TYPE STYLE
UNLIMITED
VARIATION

SAMPLES OF HI RES AND MODIFIED CHARACTEI^
(5T0F|

■'E'

In the pisi coupC o( monlhs we have made some drastic changes, not the
least ol which was the obvious name change Formerly JF Consulting, we
have now become RCM Computers and our mam oflice is now in NY slate. We
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We have also added soni>e new products. We now have the Lettersei

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of our graphic programs These utilities include SPLIT ■ to increase a HI-RES
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one EXPAND lo tear apart HI-RES graphics and break them inio a screened or
dotted pattern These are only 3 of Itie utilities available'
MinliwUtlon Utllldn S39-95

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DOT WRITER 1.5 169.95

GEAP 2.1 and Dot Writer 1.5 or 1.5C

$99 95

We now have 5 font disks ready for general use Samples of these fonts are
available on requesl - please write Also, other competitive programs that
are wtdely used will also be using our fonts We have about 60 fonts ready
now - though not released - and we are constantly creating new ones We
expect to release 5 all new font disks within a month.
F ont Pliki t2fl.8SM.

ADDITIONAL PRODUCTS

NawScrlpt 7.0 - NewScript is the tMSt artd most powerlul word [Kocesso' available
lot trie TRS-80 t124.K

El*t:lric WatMtar - Cornucopia Software's lop-notch spellirig c^eciiet A 50.000 •otd
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»^ 273

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-Se* Lisl ol Advertisers on Page 371

80 Micro, May 1983 • 231

global change is made. Al-
though the file in the manual
lists everyone at $500 per year,
the program works with any
yearly fee. Remember to specify
two files when you go into Basic
from TRSDOS.

Reading Profile II Data Files

Program lines 30-50 are only
used in the percentage increase
application. The real meat of the
program begins at line 60. Seg-
ment 1 has 85 characters (bytes)
of data. The reason for this in-
considerate limitation is that if
you crowd three 85-byte Logical
Records together in a file, you
gel 255 bytes of data. A null byte
at the end totals 256 bytes, the
length of one Physical Record in
TRSDOS. The routine in lines
70-90 divides the buffer into
three identical sections.

The Field statement corres-
ponds roughly to the hardcopy
we made back at Define File For-
mat. Since we are chiefly in-
terested in field 6 (FEE) we can
skip all other fields and lump
them together as X$(l). 37 bytes
long. V$ is the value we want to

change, so we specify its length
(again from the Hardcopy) as six
bytes and lump the remaining 42
bytes into X1$(l). This is done
three times to fill the buffer, pre-
paring it for the first record.
Lines 100-180 take us from the
first record (1) to the last
(L0F(1)), using buffer 1.

Now when we Get a record
(line 110), we will actually have
three records in the buffer and
can use a For.. .Next loop (lines
120-160) to manipulate informa-
tion. The loop takes each sub-
record, converts the six bytes of
V$ into the single-precision
value F, multiplies that value by
the percentage factor input at
line 30, changes it back to a
string, and sets it back into the
buffer, until all three sub-
records are done.

Finally, line 170 puts the
changed record back into the
file, loops back to do the next
record, and so on until the task
is accomplished.

To get a total for FEES after
making these changes add
these two lines:

145 T = T *■ F(J)

for t;he Tlc&-80 from Micro-IVIega

The Original GREEN SCREEN

The eye-pleasing Green Screen fits over the front of your
TRS-dO Video Display and gives you improved contrast with
reduced glare You get bright luminous green characters and
graphics like those featured bv more expensive CRT units
Don't confuse the Original Green Screen with a piece of thin
film stuck to the face of your video tube, such as that adver-
tised by others The Original Green-Screen is mounted in a lull
frame perfectly matched to the color and texture of the
TRS-80 Video Display. It is attached with adhesive strips
which do not mar your unit in any way

The full frame design of the Original Green-Screen "squares
off" the face of your video display and greatly improves the
overall appearance of your system

(Specify whether for Model I or Model III)

THEGHEEf^SCREEN $15.95

Add SI 50 for postage and handling.

T»rms CftBC* or money orOtr. no CODi oi c'M<l carOs. please AOt) amount
shown lor postage and har\aiing lo price ol Iheilem All itams shiap»t> wiihin 48
hours by li/il class or priority mail Virginia residenli, add <Vo salws la* ^i62

Micro-Mega P.O. Box 6265- Ariogton.N/^ SSS06

IBS PRINT -TOTAL = ■: T

This Shorter operation is
preferable to setting up a printer
format and wasting paper, rib-
bons and time making the Pro-
file II program print a listing of
each member. If only a total Is
needed, delete lines 30-50, 140,
150 and 170.

We can compute a total
Balance Due figure (field B) by
editing the Field statement In
line 80. Assume the annual fees
have not yet been changed.
Change the 37 to 49 and the 42
to 30 in line 80. Now, when we
read the file, V$(l) represents the
balance. Delete lines 30-50, 140,
150 and 170 to get a total Bal-
ance Due figure, again without
using the line printer.

S«gmant2

The other datafile Profile II
created was the Segment 2 file,
MEMBERSO/DAT. One problem
with Profile II is Its inability to
select records using Segment 2
data as selection criteria. Sup-
pose you have several hundred
members in your file and want to
find those in Boston. You could
use the zip code from Segment
1, but you burned your zip code
directory In protest over the new
nine-digit system. Program
Listing 2 shows how to do it.

Lines 240-260 are familiar
from Listing 1. This time, we will
print the first three fields and ig-
nore the rest. The Field state-
ment in line 270 is taken again
from the Define File Format
Hardcopy. The variable ADS rep-
resents the address, for which
we may also need to search
sometime. Again, we search
from the first record to the last;
note, however, that we're using
buffer 2 for the datafile, so we
search through L0F(2). Any
good comparison made in line
300 will send the computer
scooting off to the 400 region to
get the appropriate accompany-
ing data to be printed. Because
each record in Segment 2 is
three times the size of a Seg-
ment 1 record, we need to divide
the Segment 2 record number (I)
by three. This enables us to get
the right record from Segment 1 .
We still need to know which of
the three sut>-records to use.
That Is where line 420 comes In.
If I is evenly divisible by three.

the remainder (R) will be zero, so
line 430 will print the first sub-
record's data. (Remember, in
Basic we count from zero up.) If I
is not an even multiple of three,
R will be one or two, which will
give us the second or third sub-
record in the buffer. The result is
a list of members' names, mem-
tjership numbers and Profile II
record numbers of all those mem-
bers living in the specified city.

On The Street Where You Live

This same program could
search for all people living on
the same street. Change lines
210 and 220 to say Street rather
than City, but leave the CYS
variable. Change line 300 to IF
INSTR (AD$,CY$) > THEN
GOSUB 400. Any record with the
street you specified will be
listed. We could not use the
original line 300 because two ad-
dresses on the same street
would have different numbers.
The strings would not be equal
and the computer would chug
away until finishing the file. The
new statement 300 examines
ADS to see if CYS shows up
anywhere. If It Is there, INSTR
returns a one, which sends us to
the subroutine at line 400. If CYS
is not contained in ADS, INSTR
returns a zero, and we drop
down to line 310, and so on until
we finish reading the file.

Ail we are doing here is
reading the file. We could read It,
change It and save the changes if
we wanted. This would be
esp>ecially helpful if we needed to
total or change numeric data In
Segments 2, 3 or 4. Just use the
first program with an appropriate
Field statement.

I based these two framework
programs on the data in the Pro-
file II manual, but they should
work for your own data as well.
Remember to change the Field
statements to correspond to
your data file structure and
change the string variables to fit
your own needs. With your own
ingenuity (or someone else's
cleverly written sort routine),
you may never feel boxed in by
85 bytes again. ■

John Ford is an MBA student
at the University of Virginia.

232 • 80 Micro. May 1983

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LOAD 80

3-D Printer Graphics

by Delmer D. Hinrichs

o you have a dot-matrix printer that can plot
bit-mapped graphics? These fancy peaks and
waves will make it jump through hoops.

How many times have you looked at
those computer-plotted surfaces and
wished you could make similar plots? If
you have a dot -matrix printer with the
ability to plot bit-mapped graphics,
you can!

The programs given here follow the
method given by Bob Boothe (80
Micro, April 1981). They allow a vari-
ety of surfaces to be plotted, and
although written for the Epson MX-80

printer with the Graftrax addition, they
are easily modified for other bit-
mapped dot -matrix printers. For added
speed, Fortran versions of the programs
are given.

Plotted figures can be saved as a disk
data file. Plotting a figure from a disk
data file takes only a few minutes, com-
pared to the several hours required to
calculate the position of each of the
125,000 dots making up a full-sized
figure.

Program Listing I. Fortran program to print a three-dimensional surface figure or to save it on
disk as a disk data file.

oee2e

00030

00060

00670
000H0
00090
00100
00110
00120
00130
00140
00150
00160
09170
00183
00190
00200
00210
00220
00230
00240
00250
00260
00270
00260
00290
00300
00310
00320
00330
00340
00350
B0360
00370
00360
00390
00400
00410

Written by:

Delner D. Hinrichs
2116 S. e. 377th Ave.
Uastiougal, Wash. 9B671

100

A pcoqiair to plot a 3-D surface using bit-mapped gcaphii
with the Epson HX-80 printer and Graftcaji,

Concept by Bob Boothe, B0-«icro, April 19B1, p. 122

DIMENSION LL(960), HM(71, XP{7) , YP[7), WX(7), WY(7)
LOGICAL UI, YU, YL, NU , NL, DU , DL, PU, PL, 8(256)
DATA tU /■¥■/, YL /'■/'/, NU /"»'/, NL /'n'/,

DU /'DV, DL /'dV, PU /'P'/. PL /'pV
IC-8
ID-0

G«t user inputs

WRITE (S, 1)

FORMAT (' ', 19X, ■*•••• Surface ••••*</
23X, 'by Delmer D. Hinrichs'//
' Save figure on Printer or Disk (P/D)? _-.')

READ (1, 2] UI

FORMAT (Al)

IF (UI .EQ. DU .OR. UI -EQ. DL) ID-1

IF (ID .EQ. .AND. UI -NE. PO .AND, UI .NE. 'PL) GOTO 99

WRITE (5, 3)

FORMAT (' Choose plotting paraneters',

' (suggested values in parenthesis]'//

' No. of lines of dots to print (758)7 _-.')

READ (1, 4) LN

FORMAT (14)

KF-LN»2/3

WRITE (5, 5) MF, MF

FORMAT (' Then Buitace Is a ', 13. ' x 'i 13, ' square field'//

' Nambet o£ peaks in field (1 to 7)7 _--')
READ (1, 4) HP
IF (NP .LT. 1 .OR. MP .GT. 7) GOTO 100

LLUinx I continues

Programs

The Fortran program in Program
Listing 1 will either print or save a sur-
face figure onto disk. Why use Fortran?
It's faster than even compiled Basic,
and the ready-to-run CMD file is small-
er than the equivalent Microsoft com-
piled Basic CMD file. If you do not
have a Fortran compiler, the Basic pro-
gram in Program Listing 2 may be used.
It is written to be compiled with the
Microsoft Basic compiler without pro-
gram alterations.

To make multiple copies of a surface
figure, it is most practical to save a disk
data file, and then print copies from the
disk file. Listing 1 or 2 will save to disk,
and Program Listing 3 (in Fortran) or
Program Listing 4 (in Basic) will read
the file from disk and print it.

Fig. I. A single peak with circular surrounding v/aves.

The Key Box

Model I and HI
32KRAM

Fortran or Disk Basic

Dot Matrix printer able to plot

bit-mapped graphics

236 • 80 Micro. May 1983

Laiing 1

commued

00420

00430

00440

00450

00460

101

00470

004Se

00490

00500

00510

00520

00530

00540

00550

00560

00570

00580

00590

00600

0B610

00620

00630

00640

00650

00660

00670

00680

00690

00700

00710

00720

00730

007 40

007 50

00760

00770

00780

007 90

00600

00B10

00B20

00830

00840

00850

00860

00870

00860

00890

00908

00910

00920

00930

B0940

00950

00960

00979

00980

00990

01000

01010

01020

B1030

01040

01050

01060

01070

01060

01090

01100

01110

01120

01130

01140

01150

01160

01170

01180

01190

01200

01210

01220

01230

01240

01250

01260

01270

01280

01290

01300

01310

01320

01330

01340

01350

01360

01370

013BO

01390

01400

01410

01420

01430

01440

01450

01460

01470

01480

01490

01500

12,

Y Position (0 to", 14, ')? _■'')

X wave length

V wave length

Height multiplier',
? _-■')

13,

13, ']? _-.')

WRITE [5, 6)

FORMAT (' Left maigin oEtSet [300)7 _-.')

READ (1, 4} LH

DO 13 I-1,NP

WHITE (5, 7) I

FOHMAT (' Peak No.', 12, ', Circular form waves (V/N) 7 n')

READ (1, 2) UI

IF [u: .EQ. YU .OR. UI .EQ. YL) 1C=1

IF (IC .EQ. .AND, UI .NE. NU .AHD. UI .NE, NL) GOTO 101

WRITE (5, B) I, HF

FORMAT ( ■ PeaK No. ' , 12, ' , X position {0 to", 14, ')?_-■')

READ (1, 4) IP
XP(I)-FLOAT{IP)
WRITE (5, 9) I, HF
FORMAT ( ■ Peak No. '
READ (1, 4) IF
YPa)=FLOAT(IP)
M-HF/7

IF (IC .NE. 1) M»IFIX(FU)AT{MF)/4.5
WRITE (5, 10) I, «
FORMAT 1' Peak No.', 12,
HEAD (1, 4) IP
WX(I) -6, 2 B3 19/ FLOAT (IP)
WRITE (5, 11) I, M
FORMAT ( ' Peak No. ' , 12,
READ (1, 4) IP
MY[I)-6.2B319/FI,OAT(IP)
M-[Ji*IFIX(XP(I) )-20
WRITE (5, 12) I, M
FORMAT [ ' Peak No.',l2,',
' (50 to', 14, ')
READ (1, 4) IP
HM[I)-FLOAT{IP)
CONTINUE

Initialize

HM'960

DO 14 1^1, NH

LL(I)-B

CONTINUE
DI=1.0/B192.0
K-7
NC=0
N-1
H-1
IF (ID .EQ. 0) GOTO 15

Open disk file to save figure on disk

CALL OPEN (6, 'SURFACE/DAT ', 256)
GOTO 20

Set MX-ao with Graitrax £oc bit-mapped graphics

IF (PEEK(143ia} .GT. 127) GOTO 15

CALL POKE (14312, 27)

IF {PEEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 16

CALL POKE (14312, 64)

IF {PEEK(14312) ,GT. 127) GOTO 17

CALL POKE (14312, 27)

IF [PEEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 18

CALL POKE (14312, 65]

IF (PEEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 19

CALL POKE [14312, 8)

CALL OUT (254, 1)

Calculate graphics dots for each line of surface

Sample Surfaces

The simplest surface is shown in Fig.
I, one peak with circular waves sur-
rounding it. A slightly more complex
surface is shown in Fig. 2, still only one
peak, but with alternate bumpy waves
instead of circular form waves.

Two peaks with different height and
wavelength and interacting circular
waves make a more complicated surface
in Fig. 3.

Finally, Figs. 4 and 5 give i\\o dif-
ferent views of a still more complex sur-
face. The two perspectives are obtained
by rotating one figure by 90 degrees or
flipping it over. Although it seems to
have four petiks (two poking out from
the underside), this figure was formed
from just two peaks. They were iden-
tical, each surrounded by elliptical
waves, but one was rotated by 90 de-
grees and its peak went down in the cen-
ter of the field, while the other went up
in the center of the field. Thus the pri-

DO 90 I-1,LK

WHITE (5, 21) I
FORMAT ( ■ Line •'

f-'i^. 2. A single peak iv;//i humpy waves surrounding it.

14)

Power of 2 for dot line being calculated

NS=1

IF (K .EQ. 0) GOTO 22

DO 22 J=1,K

NS=HS*NS

CONTINUE

Calculate X Y Z position of each dot on surface

IL'2000

IH — IL

DO Bfl J-1,MF

IF (J .GT. II GOTO 80

IX=(I-J)«2

IF (ix .GT. MFl GOTO 80

X=FLOAT(lX)

Y-FLOAT(J)

Z-FLOAT(IX+L«)

Add effects of each peak

DO 70 L=1,NP

X1-{X-XP(L))*WX(L)+DI
Yl-(Y-yp(L))*WY(L)+DI
IF (IC .EQ. 1) GOTO 30

Four-way bunps around this peak

I-Z-SIN(Xl)/Xl»SIS(yl)/Yl'HM(L)
GOTO 70

Citcular waves around this peak

W-SQRT(X1*X1+Y1*Y1) ♦DI
Z-Z-SIN(W)/W*HM(L)

Lifting I conlinues

R E V E N G t OF H l\ ET RACE

/ Jfetji iiiiHTT

••V

1 1

ffl /

V -

■ ^ '^^— ^

*RCaDE mam a njs iiruct, ,,^,n Bjij

munsicD. v,nei. fruil. elc-iloc^. sound
muliiplc Mftcns .■ n d A 1 p h j Jovsii^k'
l-iimpilibility

CAN VOL SURVIVE '■

3;k IRS-IO" Mod l/l[l Duk 1)8 9S

Mo Res *ddS%Tji

- DtilF f [nquirici Iniited "

QSC, Inc.

P Bon 1 1 3 5 w K ^ n * J , C. I , . Mo 6 4 112

ISI6I TbS-«J9'

't'tatmnk Alpha Pfujutii

■'Wl

^Sev List ol AdvmiiMrs on Pag»371

80 Micro, May 1983 " 237

mary peaks cancel.

Choosing Plotting Parameters

Several values must be entered before
the program plots a figure. To avoid
confusion, the program suggests suit-
able values (but you are free to choose
other values). Some trial and error may
be needed to get that "perfect" figure.

The program first asks whether you
want to print the figure as calculated, or
save it as a disk data file. If you save a
disk data file, be sure to have enough
disk space available. A full-sized figure
with 750 lines of dots that nearly fill an
8 '/i -by- 11 -inch sheet of paper requires
71 grans of disk space.

Next, the program asks how many
lines of dots you wish to print. The
MX-80 prints 72 lines per inch, so the
750 lines suggested will print a figure
that is about 10.4 inches long. Since the
program always plots a square surface,
the time required to calculate a figure is
proportional to the square of the num-
ber of lines of dots you select.

After displaying the size of the field
to be plotted (calculated from the num-
ber of lines of dots you entered), you are
asked to enter the number of peaks de-

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Listing 1 conlinued

0151B

CONTINUE

ei52B

I ?. - 1 F I X ( Z )

B1B3B

01540

Check if this dot is offscale or hidden

81558

aisee

IF (II .LT. 1 .OR. IZ .GT. 960) tX>TO 80

BiS7B

IF (IZ .GT. IL .WJO. IZ .LT. IH) GOTO 00

eisaa

01590

React hidden area of this dot line

01600

01610

IF (tZ .LT. IL) IL-IZ

01620

IP (IZ .GT. IH) IH-IZ

01630

01640

Set dot

01650

01660

LL(IZ).LL(IZ) .OR. SS

01670

CONTINUE

01680

K»K-1

01690

IF (K .LT. 0) GOTO 200

01700

CONTINUE

01710

IF (K .LT. 7) GOTO 200

01720

01730

figure completed

01740

01750

IF (ID .EQ. 0) GOTO 92

01760

01770

Calculate number of bytes tn fill disk sector

017B0

01790

PR=FLOAT(NC] • 960.0/ 2 56. B

OlBa0

MM- 1 F I X ( WIOD ( PR , 2 56 . ) )

01B10

NC--1

81820

If (MM .r,T. 0) GOTO 200

B1830

ENQFILE 6

01840

GOTO 9 5

0185B

01860

Reset printer for normal print

8187B

81888

IP (PEEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 92

01898

CALL POKE (14312, 27)

B19B0

IF (PEEK[14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 93

B191B

CALL POKE (14312, 64)

B1920

WRITE (2, 94)

B1930

FORK AT (//)

81948

01950

Prog cam end

01960

01970

CALL OUT (254, 0)

01980

WRITE (5, 96)

81990

FORMAT {//// ■ Finally Donellil' //

82808

' Do you want to do another one (i/NJ? _-■')

82818

READ [1, 2] UI

02020

IF (LI .EQ. yu -OR. UI .EQ. VL) GOTO 99

02030

GOTO 999

02040

020^0

Save figure on piintsi oi disk?

02060

02078

200

IF (ID .EQ. 0} GOTO 218

02BB0

B209O

Save bit-napped graphics chacactecs onto Disk

02100

02110

DO 202 J-1,HH

02120

IB-LL(J)

02139

LL(J) '0

02140

IF (IB .GT, 127) IB-IB-256

82150

B(N)-IB

02160

N-N+1

02170

IF (N .LT. 257) GOTO 202

82168

CALL OUT (254, 0)

02198

WRITE (6, REC^H, END'900) B

02200

CALL OUT (254, 1)

02210

H-H*l

02220

H-1

02230

202

CONTINUE

02240

WRITE (5, 204)

02250

204

FORMAT ( ' ' )

02260

NC-NC+1

02271

K-7

02260

GOTO 98

02290

02380

Routine to print bit-mapped graphics characters

02310

02320

210

IP (PEEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 210

02330

CALL POKE (14312, 27)

02340

212

IF (PEEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 212

02350

CALL POKE (14312, 76)

B2360

214

IF (PEEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 214

02370

CALL POKE (14312, 192)

023B0

216

IF (PEEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 216

82390

CALL POKE (14312, 3)

02400

DO 220 J-1,HH

02410

218

IF 1PEEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 218

02420

CALL POKE (14312, LL( J) )

02430

LL(J)-0

02440

220

CONTINUE

02450

K-7

02460

WRITE (5, 204)

02470

WRITE (2, 204)

02480

GOTO 90

02490

02500

900

WRITE (5, 918)

02510

910

FORMAT (/// ' •" DISK ERROR •*•' ///)

02520

ENDFILE 6

02530

02540

For Model III TRS-80S, change all statements of:

02550

92560

CALL POKE {14312, n) to: CALL OUT (248, n)

02570

02580

999

END

238 • 00 Micro. May 1983

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80 Micro. May 1983 • 239

Fig. J. Two peaks with differeni height and wave-iength and the interactions of their surrounding
waves.

-/^^

Fig. 4. The complex surface formed from the inleractions between two identical peaks and Iheir ellip-
tical surrounding waves. The peaks are both at the center of the field, one up and one down, so (he
primary peaks cancel.

sired. One to seven peaks can be plotted
for each figure. The more complex the
surface, the greater the calculation time.
The left margin offset is in the same
units as the size of the field. It deter-
mines how far across the paper the plot
starts. Adjustments may be needed to
keep tall peaks from going off-scale.

Setting Parameters

Circular form waves give a figure like
the one shown in Fig. 1 , while the alter-
nate bumpy waves are shown in Fig. 2.

Set the position of each peak. The X
axis is crosswise of the sheet, while the Y
axis is lengthwise of the sheet. While the
suggested limits place the peak within
the plotted surface, the peak may actu-
ally be placed off the plotted surface, so
that only its waves affect the surface
that is plotted.

The wavelengths selected for each
peak determine how broad or narrow
the peaks and waves are. Identical X
and Y wavelengths produce circular
waves, while different wavelength
values produce elliptical waves.

The height multiplier for each peak is
in the same units as the size of the field.
A positive multiplier gives an upwards
peak, while a negative multiplier results

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Program Listing 2. Basic program lo print a three-dimensional surface figure or to save it on
disk as a disk data file.

10 CLS 1PR1NTTAB(20)

Surface

20 ' 3-D bit-mapped graphics program for Epson HX-Bfl w/Graftrax

30 ' by Delmer D, Hinrichs, 2116 SE 377th, Waahougal, Wn. 98671

40 DEFINT I-H :DIH L(960), HH(7), XP(7} , yp(7), WX{7), WY(7)

58 IC=0 !ID"B

60 PRINT :PRINT"Save figure on Printer or Disk (P/D)? ";

70 GOSUB 620 :IF AS="D" THEN ID=1 ELSE IF AS<>"P" GOTO 70

B0 PRINT :PRINT"Choose plotting parameters";

' (suggested values in parenthesis]' :PRINT
90 INPUT'No. of lines of dots to print (750)"; A? :LN=VAL(A$)
100 MF=LN*2/3 :IF LN<1 OR LN>75B GOTO 90

110 PRINT'Then surface is a"; HF; "x"; MF; "square field"
120 INPUT'Number of peaks in field (1 to 7)"; AS :NP=VAL(AS)
130 IF HP<1 OR NP>7 GOTO 120

140 INPUT'Left margin offset (300)"; AS !LM=VAL{AS]
150 IF LM<0 OR LH>900 GOTO 140
160 FOR 1=1 TO NP :PRINT

170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310

Circular form waves (Y/N)? ";
IC=1 ELSE IF AS<>"N" GOTO 180
", X position (0 to"; MF; '}";

M; ■)";

PRINT"Peak NO."; I;

GOSUB 620 :IF AS='Y" THEN

PRINT: PRINT"Peak No."; I;

INPUT AS :XP(I)-VAL(AS)

PRINT"Peak No."; I; ", Y position (0 to"; MF; ")",

INPUT AS lYP(I) 'VALtAS)

IF IC THEN H=MF/7 ELSE M=HP/4.5

PRINT"Peak No."; I; ", X wave length (";

INPUT AS :WXU1 =6.2B319/VAL(AS)

PHINT"Peak NO."; I; ", Y wave length (';

INPUT AS :WY(I)-6.2B319/VAL(AS)

H=LM+XP(I)-20

PRINT"Peak No."; I;", Height multiplier (50 to"; H; ")";

INPUT AS :HM(I)=VAL(AS)

NEXT I ! PRINT
320 DI-=1/B192 :K-=7 :NC-0 :HH=960
330 IF ID 0PEN"0",1, "SURFACE/DAT"

340 IF ID=0 LPRINT CHRS(27); "8"; CHR$(27)f "A"; CHRS(B)
350 OUT 254,1
360 FOR 1=1 TO LN :PRlNT"Line l";I,

NS=1 !lF K FOR J=l TO K :NS=NS+NS :NEXT J

IL=2000 :1H=-IL

FOR J=l TO MF

IF J>I THEN J=MF ! GOTO 500

IX-(I-J)*2 :IF IX>HF GOTO 500

X = IX :Y = J :Z«IX + LM Llsling 2 continues

370
3B0
390
400
410
420

240 • 80 Micro, May 1983

in a downwards peak.

Selection of these parameters allows
you to plot any number of different sur-
faces. When trying to choose good val-
ues, it's smart to try them on a small
figure first. When the proportions look
right, expand the figure to full size.

The Fortran versions take nearly two
hours to calculate a one-peak, full-sized
figure with 750 lines of dots, but will
print such a figure from a disk file in
just over six minutes. This is almost full
printer speed in the high-resolution
graphics mode. Uncompiled Basic ver-
sions will take eight to 10 times as long.

During calculation, the programs dis-
play the dot line numbers that they are
working on, in groups of eight, to
assure you that the program is still
operating.

Program Details

For TRS-80 systems with an Arch-
bold clock control board, the CALL
OUT (254,1) statement in Fortran, or
the similar OUT 254,1 statement in
Basic, increases speed. To slow the
clock back to normal for disk ojieration
or for the end of the program, the
CALL OUT (254,0) statement is used.
These statements have no effect without
the board.

Lisliai; 2 continued

430 FOR N=l TO NP

440 Xl={X-XP{N) )*WX(N)+DI : Yl=( Y-YP (N) ) •WY(N) +DI

450 IF IC THEN W=SQR(Xl*Xl+Yl*Yl) +DI : Z=Z-SIN(W) /W*HM(N)

ELSE Z-Z-SIN(Xl)/Xl*SIN(Yl)/yi*HH(N)

460 NEXT N :IZ=Z

470 IF IZ<0 OR IZ>HM GOTO 500

480 IF IZ>IH THEN IH=IZ :L(IZ)=L(IZ) OR NS

490 IF IZ<IL THEN IL^IZ :L(IZ)=L{IZ) OR NS

500 NEXT J :K=K-1 ;IP K<0 GOSUB 670

510 NEXT I :IF K<7 GOSUB 670

520 PR=NC*HM/256 :HM=-{ 1- { PR-INT(PR) ) ) *256

530 IF MM AND ID GOSUB 670

540 IF ID=0 LPRINT CHRS(27) J "g"; STRINGS { 2 , 13)

550 OUT 254,0

560 PRINT :PRINT"Finally Done 1 1 1 "

570 PRINT :PRINT"Do you want to do another one (Y/N)? ";

580 GOSUB 620 :IF AS-"Y" GOTO 10 ELSE IF ASO'N" GOTO 580

590 CLS :PRINT"That's all, then" :PRINT :PRINT

600 END

610 ' Get one character from keyboard

620 PRINT CHRS(95); CHRS{24);

633 A$*=INKEYS :IF AS-"' GOTO 630

640 A=ASC{A5) :IF A>95 THEN A-A-32 :AS=CHRS{A)

650 PRINT A$; CHRS{24); :RETURN

660 ' Save figure on printer or disk?

670 IF ID=0 GOTO 750

680 ' Save bit-mapped graphics characters onto Disk

690 OUT 254,0

700 FOR J=l TO MM

710 PRINT #1, CHR$tL{J)); :L(J)=0

720 NEXT J :OUT 254,1 :PRINT : K=7 :NC=NC+1

730 RETURN

740 ' Print bit-mapped graphics characters on HX-80

750 LPRINT CHRS('27) ; "L"; CHRS(192); CHR$(3)!

760 FOR J=l TO MM

770 IF PEEK{14312) >127 GOTO 770

780 POKE 14312, L(J) :L(J)=0

790 NEXT J :K=7 :PRINT ;LPRINT

800 RETURN

810 ' For Model III TBS-80S, in line 780 change:

820 ' POKE 14312, L{J) to OUT 248, L{J}

Drouj

The Grofyx Solution" For your Creotivity

Improved GrctfyH. DRAW b o pouwrU
graphics ond t«zt editing podtogc uihich
ollouH vDur imoginotion to cr«ot« a
picture or design o grophia screen uiith
Grofyz Solution. Miao-Lobs' Orottfx
Solution is o plug-in, cHp on board mhich
gives vou 98,304 points in o 512 < 192
matrix. That's sbteen times os monv
points as a standard Model HI

UMimote GrofyH. The DflRUJ program
contoira almost 10,000 iratructions ond
b uritt«n in modiine iortguoge for
ulimote speed ond ftexibHtv- Ay moving

the cursor with the arrow Iteys ond
entering one kiter commonds, \fou con
SCI, deor or compiement points, lines,
drdes, or boxes. The size of the points
thot vou ore settirtg con be chonged at
onv time. Vou con even reverse or shift
the entire screen in onv direction. Any
f«ctk>n of the screen moy be soved so
It con t>e moved or copied etscuuhere.
Sections of the screen con olso be filed
in uitth pottems.

Proctkol GrohfM. DflflUi is obviousfy o
must for generotiog computer orl or
graphic designs, twt is olso o necessitv
for onvone, no nrKitter ujhot his

application. Businessmen and scientist
con use DARtU (o odd text lobels or other
refinements to previously generoted
grophs. Otkc the picture is centered,
lobelcd otkI refined, it con t>o soved on
disk .'lope or printed on ony of BO
populor printers. All of this is done ujilh
single letter commonds uutthout ever
leoving the DAAUJ progrom.

The Grofyx Solution pochoge is shipped
from stock ond indudes the board, 44
programs, or>d o 54 poge nrtonuol ol for
Se99.95. The DAAUJ progrom, tuMlve
N res pictures, ond moouol is 539.95.
Shipping b free on pre paid or COD
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..«M 'iOi pini-w<>vi. Rirlurdsan. Ichm 7MI0I>

-S«e Lisi ot Adwrtiatrs on Page 371

80 Micro, May 1983 • 241

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> ADD AND SUBTRACT STACKS Of

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' LEARN THE ALPHABET
■ PRACTICE SPELLING NAMES
- COMPARE SHAPES

• DRAW AND SAVE COLORFUL PIC-
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screen with color. Children enter
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mokes them feel comfortable as they
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EARLY GAMES otters the child □
diverse selection of activities which
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Pamela Bach, Director
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I took EARLY GAMES home tor my kids
and they reotly liked Itl It held their at-
tention and ttwy learned from Itl

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Computer Saleswoman

EARLY GAMES can help children
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Appt0 1! Ptus

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242 • 80 Micro. May 1983

Line 230 of Listing 1 contains the

characters ' [\[ '. These represent the

two ASCII characters 28 and 31 (Con-
trol \ and Control ) and are the

equivalent of CLS in Basic. I entered
them with the Superzap utility of
NEWDOS80, but they may be left out
without affecting program of>eration.

Also, the ' [X' in program lines

250, 330, 390, 430, 470, 520, 560, 620,
660, 720, and 2000 represent ASCII 95

and 24 (underline and backspace, or
Control X) to simulate the input prompt
of Basic.

The Model III handles characters
sent to the printer differently from the
Model I, and so requires the changes
given at the end of each program.

Other Printers

Though they were written for the
Epson MX-80 printer with the Graf-

80010

'*' Loadec foe Surface Data •••

B0B2B

aBB3B

Based on program by Bob Boothe

a0B4B

B0 Hiciocompjting, March 1982, p. 116

BBBBB

BBBGe

This FORTRAN version by Delmei D. Hlnrichs

B0B70

BBBBB

BeB9a

LOGICAL UI, YU, YL, B[256)

BBIBB

DIMENSION L(96B|

B011B

DATA YU /'Y'/. YL /'yV

00120

B013B

WRITE {5, 2)

00140

FORMAT (■ ', 15X, '••* Loader for Surface Data •*■' ///

00150

' Press <™teR> to load 'SURFACE/DAT" file from disk'.

00160

' and print it' //)

0B17B

PAUSE

0B18B

CALL OPEN (6, ' SURFfcCE/DAT ', 256)

00190

CALL OUT (254, 1)

B020B

IF (PEEK[1431Z) .GT. 127) GOTO 6

BBZlfl

CALL POKE (14312, 27)

B022B

IF (PEEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 7

D023B

CALL POKE (14312, 64]

00240

IF (PEEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO B

00250

CALL POKE (14312, 27)

00260

IF (PEEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 9

0B270

CALL POKE (14312, 65)

BBZB0

IF (PEEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 10

00290

CALL POKE {14312, B]

003BB

J-257

0B31B

K-1

0O3ZB

IF (PEEK{14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 11

BB33B

CALL POKE (14312, 27)

00340

IF (PEEK[14312) .GT, 127) GOTO 12

00350

CALL POKE (14312, 76)

BB36I

IF (PEEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 13

00370

CALL POKE (14312, 192]

00360

IF (PEEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 14

00390

CALL POKE (14312, 3)

00410

DO 20 1-1,960

0041B

IF {J .LT. 257) GOTO 15

00420

CALL OUT (254, 0)

0043B

READ [6, REC-K, END-50B) B

0B44B

CALL OUT (254, 1}

0045B

K"Ktl

0B4E0

J-1

0B470

N-BU)

0B480

IF (H ,LT. 0) N-N+256

BB490

L(I)-N

0050B

J-J+1

BB51B

CONTINUE

B0520

DO 25 1-1,960

B0530

IF (PEEK114312) .GT. 127) GOTO 22

BB54a

CALL POKE (14312, L(I))

00550

L(I)-0

00560

CONTINUE

00570

WRITE (2, 27)

00580

FORMAT ( ' ' )

B059B

GOTO 11

0B6BB

00610

Final Cleanup

0B620

0B630

5B0

CALL OUT (254, 0)

BB640

ENDFILE 6

BB65B

DO 550 1-1,960

0B660

510

IF (PEEK(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 510

BB670

CALL POKE (14312, L(I) )

00660

550

CONTINUE

BBS 90

555

IF (PEE1[(14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 555

007BB

CALL POKE (14312, 27)

007 IB

557

IF (PEEK[14312) .GT. 127) GOTO 557

BB72B

CALL POKE (14312, 64)

0B730

WRITE (2, 560)

007 40

560

FORMAT (//)

00750

00760

WRITE (5, 600)

BB7 7

600

FORMAT (//// ' Completed! I" //

007 80

' Do you want to print another one (Y/N)7 -.')

00790

READ (1, 6B2) UI

00800

602

FORMAT (Al)

00810

IF (UI .EQ. YU .OR. UI .EQ. YL) GOTO 1

0082a

00830

For Model III TRS-8BB, change all statments of:

0BB4B

CALL POKE (14312, n) to: CALL OUT (248, n)

BB85B

BB860

END

Pra^rat

ti Listing 3. Fortran program lo read a iurjave data file from disk and print it.

Enter Another

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80 Micro. May 1983 ■ 243

trax addition, these programs should
be easily modified to work with any
dot-matrix printer that can print bit-
mapped graphics.

The MX-80, in the bit-mapped
graphics mode, prints eight dots in a
vertical line for each character that ii
receives. Any ASCII character from
to 255 prints dots that correspond to
which bits are "on." Since there are no
excluded control codes, the printer must
be told in advance how many characters
it is to interpret as graphics characters.
These programs print 960 graphics
characters per line for a resolution of
120 dots per inch horizontally. The
highest bit, corresponding to ASCII
128, prints the highest dot while the
lowest bit, corresponding to ASCII 1,
prints the lowest dot.

Eight horizontal lines of dots are cal-
culated and are saved in the "Line" ar-
ray before printing or saving to disk.
For each dot line, the variable NS is set
totheASClI value for that line. If a dot
is to be set, NS is ORed with the correct
integer from the 960-element "Line"
array.

If your printer prints fewer than eight
dots at a time, the variable K should have
fewer than the eight levels it has in these

h'ig. 5. Difjereni view of the same surface as in Fig. 4. mlaled hy 90 degrees (or Jlipped over).

programs. If the low bit is printed at the
top, then K should be initially set to (in-
stead of 7) and incremented (instead of
decremented) for each new dot line.

For other than 960 dots per hori-
zontal line, reset the value of the
variable MM in these programs. With a
little trial and error, any printer that

supports bit-mapped graphics may be
accommodated.

Compiling

Since these programs benefit so much
from the added speed that compiling
can give, a few comments about Micro-
soft compilers for Fortran and Basic are
in order. There have been some mis-

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244 » 80 Micro. May 1983

leading reports about their use. True,
they do require a disk system . But if you
have two or more disk drives, they are
very easy to use. When a program is
ready to be compiled, it requires only
two commands, one to compile and one
to link the program into a run-time mod-
ule. If only one disk drive is available,
disks must be shifted, but this is not
necessary if two disk drives are used.
Fortran and Basic compilers are used
in much the same way. Unlike other
Basic compilers, the Microsoft compiler
requires little or no change to a normal
Basic program before compilation.

Math

The surfaces depicted by these pro-
grams are defined by variations of
damped sine waves. The equations use
the form: sine{x)/x.

For circular form waves (Fig. 1), x
is the distance from the center. For
bumpy waves (Fig. 2), waves in the x
and y directions are multiplied together.

The hidden-dot algorithm to give the
simulated three-dimensional perspec-
tive is explained in Scientific and
Engineering Problem -Solving with (he
Computer, by William Ralph Bennett
Jr. (Prentice-Hall. 1976). pp. 86-90.

While it is not difficult to plot three-

dimensional figures with a bit-mapped,
dot-matrix printer, it is lime-consum-
ing. There are too many possible varia-
tions to examine all of them. If anyone
finds an especially interesting surface,
I'd like to see a copy.

For those without compilers, com-

piled versions of the programs discussed
here are available from the author. ■

DelmerD. Hinrichs lives at 2116 S.E.
377th Ave.. Washougal, WA 98671.

10 CLS :PRINT TAB(14)"*'* Loader foe Surface Data *••"

28 ' (c) by Delmer D. Hinrichs 1982

30 CLEAR 300 :DEFINT I-N :DIM J, BS(255), L(960)

40 PRINT :PRINT ; INPUT'Get disk ready, then press any key"; AS

50 0PEN"R",1, "SURFACE/DAT" :OUT 254,1

60 LPBINT CHRS{27) ; "§"; CHRS(27); "A"; CHRS(8)

70 FOR I=fl TO 255 :FIELD 1, 1*1 AS PS, 1 AS BS(I) :NEXT I

80 J=256 :PRINT :PRINT : PRINT"Loading Data";

90 LPRINT CHRS(27); "L"; CHRS(192); CHRS{3);

100 FOR 1=1 TO 960

110 IF J=z56 OUT 254,0 :GET 1

:IF E0F{1) THEN 140 ELSE OUT 254,1 :J-0
120 L(I)=ASC{B$(J)) :J=J+1
130 NEXT I
140 FOR 1=1 TO 960

150 IF PEEK{14312) >127 GOTO 150
160 POKE 14312, L(I) :L{I)=fl
170 NEXT r :LPRINT : IF EOF(1)=0 GOTO 98
180 CLOSE

190 LPRINT CHR$(27) ; "0"; STRINGS ( 2 , 13]
200 PRINT" Completed"

210 PRINT:PRINT:PRINT"Do you want to load another one (Y/N)? ",
220 AS=lNKElfS !lF AS="" GOTO 220
230 IF AS="y" OR AS="y" GOTO 10
248 CLS :PRINT"Pcogram End"
250 END

For Model III TRS-80S,

260
270

POKE 14312, L(I)

to:

in line 160 change:
OUT 248, L{I)

Program Listing 4. Basic profiram lu read a surface data file from disk and print it.

FINGER PRINT makes it easy to use all your printer's
capability. Once installed, simply tap your printer's panel
buttons to instantly select:

Compreued, Doable Wide. Emphasized, Double-Strike
printing or combinations. And if yon have Graftraz-Plns,
jov can add Italics and Fine Print printing to the list.
FINGER PRINT also lets yon call for 8 lines per inch.
Automatic Perforation Skipover and Left Margin Indent
(which makes bound documents easier to read). FINGER
PRINT features an eaclusive no-print Buffer-Clear, too.
AU in all FINGER PRINT puts hundreds of possible
print combinations at your nngertipsl

FINGER PRINT is a plug-in module that installs in
minutes without soldering. FINGER PRINT does not
interfere with normal printer operation. FINGER
PRINT is compatible with all Epson MX80 and
MX 100 printers. ..and it works with all computers,
software, and interfaces.

$59.95 WARRANTED FOR ONE FULL YEAR!

Includes complete installation, operation instructions; control panel
reference label.

Look for FINGER PRINT at your local computer dealer. For the
dealer near you, or additional information. call (213) 969-2250.
To order directly, call toll free: 800-835-2246. Ext. 44 1. MC/Visa
and COD orders accepted (include SI. 50 s/h...CA residents add
sales tax].

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80 Micro, May 1983 • 245

GRAPHICS

A Turn of the Screw
Revisited

by Lynn Davis

an you find your copy of the April 1981 issue
of 80 Micro? Some of those fancy graphics
programs will run on your Color Computer!

REM ORIGINAL WORK BY BOB BOOTHE

REM 80 MICROCOMPUTING, APRIL

1981

REM PROGRAM NO. 1 SINE WAVE

REM

REM MODIFIED FOR THE TRS-60 COLOR COMPUTER |

REM 16K EXTENDED BASIC

REM BY LYNN H. DAVIS

REM

X-X+.4

Y«SIN{X)

Y-(Y*25+30)/2

PRINTTAB(Y) "X"

GOTO 20

Program Lisling I

1 REM ORIGINAL

WORK BY BOB BOOTHE

2 REM 80 MICROCOMPUTING, APRIL 1981 |

3 REM PROGRAM

MO. 2 MULTIPLE SINE WAVES

4 REM

5 REM MODIFIED

FOR THE TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER

6 REM 16K EXTENDED BASIC I

7 REM BY LYNN

■I. DAVIS

8 REM

2 CLEAR 100

30 DIM P$(63)

40 0-2*3.14/3

50 FOR Q-iT031

■ P$(Q)«" ":NEXT

6 X-X+.3

70 Y1-(SIN(X)*

Z5+30)/2

80 Y2-(SIN(X+D

*25+30)/2

90 Y3=(SIN(X+2

^D)*25+30)/2

100 PSCY1)»"1"

PS(Y2)-"2"!PS(Y3)-''3"

110 F0RQ-1T031

PRINTPS(Q) ;:NEXTi PRINT

120 GOTO50

Program Listing 2

Despite being the proud owner of a
Color Computer, I often find myself in
an unenviable position — I am unable to
use many of the Level II programs pub-
lished in 80 Micro without first modify-
ing them. One set of programs I modi-
fied were the first four programs in Bob
Boothe's article, "A Turn of the
Screw," 80 Micro, April 1981. Since I
do not wish to rewrite Mr. Boothe's ar-
ticle, I suggest you pull out your April
issue and review it. His explanations
add valuable insight into how these pro-
grams operate.

The Modifications

The first three programs only need
modifications to fit the display on the
screen. The Color Computer screen of-
fers approximately half the number of
horizontal print locations than the
Model I or Model III offer. Therefore,
the print variables are divided by two in
all programs.

Program 1

Program Listing 1 , which produces a
single continuous sine wave, needs
modification in line 40, where the origi-
nal Y variable should be divided in half.
This Y variable establishes the horizon-
tal size of the sine wave. Eventually, in
hne 50, the computer is going to

The Key Box

Color Computer
16KRAM
Extended Color Basic

246 • 80 Micro. May 1983

Points to consider

when choosing a data-base

manager for TRS-80 Mod

Data Access Method. ENB has true relational access. Data Independence.

ENB has generalised data structures, no record-length constraints,
variable length fields. No data redundancy. Structure Extension.
Integrated data dictionary permits full editing (add/delete/update/rename)
on set of SETS, set of ATTRIBUTES and set of REPORTS. Data Integrity.
Commit points keep data-base consistant. Capacity. 64K distinct data
items, spans up to 4 disk drives (or hard disk). Interface.lnteractive menu-
driven entry/display of data. High-level BASIC interface. Scnpsit and
Visicalc interfaces. Documenlalion. Inbuilt reports automatically
document current data-base structure. 125 page manual. Self-running
tutorials. Requirements. TRS-80 Mod I/Ill. 48K, at least one disk drive.
Works vk^ith all DOS. Developed in England by Southern Software.

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Box 11721 San FrarKisco CA94101 ^ *.

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80 Micro, May 1983 • 247

PRINTTAB(Y). On the Mode! I, the
maximuiT) Y value is 63; for the Color
Computer, it is approximately half that,
or 30.

Photo I shows the sine wave gener-
ated. This program is a loop, as are the
next two. Consequently, the sine waves
scroll continuously up the screen.

Program 2

Program Listing 2 produces three
sine waves and needs modification in
Unes 50, 70. 80, 90, and 1 10.

Line 50 now puts 31 spaces in the ar-
ray. Lines 70, 80, and 90 compute
where the symbols go in the array. Since
only 31 of the 63 elements in the array
are used, each value is divided in half.
Finally, in line 1 10, where the array of
spaces and characters is printed, the Q
variable, or array size, also has to be
divided in half. Line 30 isn't changed in
order to protect the integrity of the
original program.

Photo 2 shows part of these three sine
waves.

Program 3

Program Listing 3 produces three dif-
ferent sine waves using a string of words
or symbols. Only two modifications are
necessary here. First, the string length in

line 80 must be changed from 63 to 34.
Second, in line 100, the Y variable
(horizontal size of the sine wave) must

be reduced by half.

You should Uke the effects of these
changes if you type in interesting three-

X
X
X

Phoio }. A sin/^le sine wave produced by Program Lislinx I.

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248 • 80 Micro, May 1983

AUTHOR^:

The call for authors is out!

Wayne Green Books announces a
July 1, 1983 deadline for submitting
manuscript proposals for the upcom-
ing publication list. Ideas for book-
length manuscripts about any micro-
computer system or area of electron-
ics will be considered. In addition to
payment and royalties, we offer our
distribution channels and the market-
ing support your book deserves.

Send proposals or requests for a
copy of our Writer's Guide to:
Editor, Wayne Oreen Books
Peterborough, NH 03458.

Or call toll-free 1-800-343-0728.

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Duplicate SU+z in STANDARD/CIMD for-
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• Super Duper works with the Model I or III, any
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80 Micro, May 1983 • 249

I": L P: t K- '^^
<: f I OKOMfUTJR-
I. QL'JK f:.(}Hf'LtTtFi5

I iil[:k i-:iMrnTE_^

(iL UK ' cm 'iTf f<

Pholo2. Three sine waves, shown as the numbers I. 2. and 3, prodtaxd by Pro-
gram Listing 2.

Photo 3. Three sine waves produced by Program Listing 3. The program
allows you to input whatever letters, symbols or words you wish.

word combinations (see Photo 3).

Program 4

By far the most spectacular of the lot.
Program Listing 4 produces a three-di-
mensional image of eight sine waves.
Four of the sine waves are horizontal,
and four are vertical. The result is four
"hills" (or, using Mr. Boothe's term,
"lamps") on the screen.

Although the original program's in-
tegrity is maintained, the Color Com-
puter executes the program differently
in the graphics mode than does the
Model I or Model III. The checkered

appearance of the surface is gone, and
four "hills" fit on the screen rather than
just one.

Modifications are needed in four sec-
tions of the program. First, lines 10, 15,
20, and 25 must be added. These invoke
the extended graphics mode of the Col-
or Computer. Second, lines 40 and 50,
which regulate where the display is
printed, have to be changed to fit the
graphics on t